1. What are the characteristics of the project?
2. How are projects organized? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?
3. What are the project management process groups?
4. How to become a good project manager?
5. What are the main functions of PMO?
6. What is the difference between a project manager (PM) and a PMO?
7. What is the content of the project proposal?
8. What does the project feasibility study include?
9. What are the possible results of the preliminary feasibility study?
10. What does the project feasibility study phase include?
11. What content does a system integration supplier generally include when conducting internal project approval?
12. What processes does overall project management include?
13. As a project integrator, what tasks does the project manager need to do?
14. What does the project charter include?
15. What are the input, output, and tool techniques for developing a project charter?
16. What is the role of the project charter?
17. Briefly describe the steps for developing a project management plan?
18. What are the input, output, and tool techniques for developing a project management plan?
19. What does the project management plan include?
20. What are the main uses of a project management plan?
21. What are the inputs, outputs, tools and techniques for monitoring project work?
22. What are the inputs, outputs, tools and techniques for implementing holistic change?
23. What is the overall change control process?
24. What are the common reasons for changes?
25. What does a change request include?
26. What are the main processes of project scope management?
27. What is product scope? What is project scope?
28. What are the contents of the scope management plan and the requirements management plan?
29. What does a scope statement include?
30. In what forms can a work breakdown structure (WBS) be decomposed?
31. What are the decomposition principles of WBS?
32. What are the activities that need to be carried out to break down the project work into work packages?
33. What are the common representations of work breakdown structure (WBS)? What are their respective advantages, disadvantages and applicable occasions?
34. What does the project scope baseline include?
35. What is the difference between verified deliverables and accepted deliverables?
36. What problems are frequently encountered during the scope change process?
37. What are the processes of project schedule management?
38. What is the difference between resource smoothing and resource balancing?
39. What is connection buffering? What is project buffering?
40. What measures can be taken to shorten the activity duration?
41. What are the tools and techniques used to control progress?
42. Briefly describe the process of project cost management?
43. Briefly describe the main contents of project cost control?
44. What are contingency reserves and management reserves?
45. Briefly describe what processes include project quality management?
46. Please briefly describe your understanding of quality and grade?
47. Please indicate the main work content of QA?
48. What are the seven old tools and the new seven tools of quality control?
49. Briefly describe the process of project quality management?
50. Please explain what activities include project quality control?
51. What processes does project human resource management include?
52. Characteristics of a successful project team?
53. Please briefly describe the five stages and characteristics of general project team building?
54. Please indicate common conflict resolution methods?
55. Briefly describe Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory?
56. Briefly describe the main points of Theory X and Theory Y?
57. What processes does communication management include?
58. What are the methods of communication?
59. What are the purposes of the project summary meeting?
60. Briefly describe the stakeholder management process?
61. Identify the steps of stakeholder analysis?
62. Briefly describe the procurement management process?
63. Briefly describe the factors that need to be considered when selecting a supplier?
64. What are the common procurement documents?
65. In a procurement contract, what are the provisions on payment methods generally included?
66. What is a statement of work?
67. What is the difference between a statement of work and a scope statement?
68. Briefly describe the bidding process?
69. Briefly describe the main contents of contract management?
70. Please briefly describe the contract claims process?
71. What are the general procedures for contract change control systems?
72. Briefly describe the main activities of configuration management?
73. What is the difference between configuration management and change management?
74. What are the specific tasks of a CMO?
75. What are the basic contents of configuration identification?
76. What does configuration audit include?
77. What is the function of configuration auditing?
78. Why version control of configuration items is necessary?
79. Briefly describe the version control process of configuration items?
80. What are the main activities of project change management in software project management?
81. Briefly describe the risk management process?
82. What are the characteristics of risk?
83. What strategies can be used to address threats or risks that may negatively impact project objectives?
84. What are some proactive risk response strategies?
85. Briefly describe the principles of risk identification?
86. Please briefly describe the general discussion content of the project summary meeting?
87. Please briefly describe the documents involved in system document acceptance?
88. What work does the closing management of system integration projects usually include?
89. What is the difference between administrative closing and contractual closing?
90. The attributes of information system security include confidentiality, integrity, availability and non-repudiation. Please explain the meaning of each attribute.
91. Please list the ways to prevent static electricity in computer rooms?
92. What are the characteristics of information systems?
93. What are the six elements of the information system?
94. What is the strategic goal of my country’s informatization?
95. What are the basic principles of informatization in my country?
96. What are the strategic points for the informatization development of Chinese enterprises?
97. What stages can the information system life cycle be divided into?
98. What are the characteristics of big data?
99. What are the service types of cloud computing?
100. In the Information Technology Service Standard (ITSS), what are the core elements of IT services? What is the life cycle?
Knowledge points:
1. What are the characteristics of the project?
(1) Temporary: means that each project has a clear start and end date.
(2) Uniqueness: Unique product services or results.
(3) Progressive details: The project’s achievement goals are gradually completed.
2. How are projects organized? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?
(1) Functional organization
The advantages are easy communication and clear responsibilities and authorities. The disadvantage is that functional interests take precedence over projects and inter-departmental coordination is difficult.
(2) Project-based organization
The advantage is that the structure and goals are single, and responsibilities and powers are clear. The disadvantages are high management costs, low resource allocation efficiency, unfavorable communication, and lack of career continuity and security for employees.
(3) Matrix organization
The advantage is that the project manager is responsible and can maximize the use of scarce resources. The disadvantages are increased management costs and multiple leaders.
3. What are the project management process groups?
Initiating Process Group: Defines a new project or a new phase of an existing project and authorizes the project or phase to begin
Planning process group: clarify the project scope, optimize goals, and formulate action plans to achieve goals
Execution process group: Completes the work identified in the project management plan to meet project requirements
Monitoring process group: Track, review and adjust project progress and performance, identify necessary plan changes and initiate corresponding changes
Closure process group: formally completing or closing the project, phase, or contract
4. How to become a good project manager?
(1) Really understand the role of the project manager;
(2) Lead and manage the project team;
(3) According to the stage of project progress; organize the formulation of project plans with appropriate levels of detail, monitor the execution of the plan, and manage the plan according to actual conditions, customer requirements or other change requirements;
(4) Really understand the “top project”;
(5) Focus on customer and user participation.
5. What are the main functions of PMO?
(1) Share and coordinate project resources.
(2) Clarify and develop project management methods, best practices and standards.
(3) Responsible for formulating project policies, processes, templates and other shared materials.
(4) Centralized configuration management for all projects.
(5) Management center of project tools.
(6) Centrally monitor the baselines of all projects managed by the PMO.
(7) Coordinate the quality standards of the overall project.
6. What is the difference between a project manager (PM) and a PMO?
(1) PM completes project achievement goals under constraints. PMO is an organization with special authorization, and its goals include organizational-level perspectives.
(2) PM focuses on specific project goals, and PMO focuses on business goals.
(3) PM controls the resources assigned to the project to achieve project goals, and PMO optimizes the use of resources for each project.
(4) PM manages the scope, schedule, cost and quality of intermediate products, and PMO manages overall risks, opportunities and all project dependencies.
7. What is the content of the project proposal?
(1) Project introduction
(2) Summary of project construction unit
(3) Necessity of project construction
(4) Business analysis
(5) Overall construction plan
(6) Construction plan of this phase of the project
(7) Environmental protection, fire protection, and occupational safety
(8) Project implementation progress
(9) Investment estimation and fund raising
(10) Benefit and risk analysis
8. What does the project feasibility study include?
Investment necessity, technical feasibility, financial feasibility, organizational feasibility, economic feasibility, social feasibility, risk factors and countermeasures
9. What are the possible results of the preliminary feasibility study?
For projects of different sizes and categories, preliminary feasibility studies may produce four results, namely ① Yes, smaller projects can even be "launched" directly; ② Yes, transfer to detailed feasibility studies and enter a more in-depth and detailed study. Analytical research; ③ Carry out special research, such as establishing a prototype system, demonstrating main functional modules or verifying key technologies; ④ Negative, the project should be "discontinued".
10. What does the project feasibility study phase include?
(1) Opportunity feasibility study
(2) Preliminary feasibility study
(3) Detailed feasibility study
(4) Preparation, submission and approval of project feasibility study report
(5) Project evaluation
11. What content does a system integration supplier generally include when conducting internal project approval?
(1) Project resource estimation
(2) Project resource allocation
(3) Prepare project mission statement
(4) Appoint project manager
12. What processes does overall project management include?
(1) Develop a project charter.
(2) Develop a project management plan.
(3) Guide and manage project work. Follow the management plan and implement approved changes.
(4) Monitor project work. Track, review and report project progress to achieve performance goals.
(5) Implement overall change control. Follow the change process and manage related changes, and communicate the results of the change processing.
(6) End the project or phase.
13. As a project integrator, what tasks does the project manager need to do?
As an integrator, the project manager must:
(1) Understand their needs for the project through active and comprehensive communication with project stakeholders.
(2) Find a balance between numerous competing stakeholders.
(3) Through serious and meticulous coordination work, we can achieve a balance between various needs and achieve integration.
14. What does the project charter include?
(1) General project description and project product description
(2) Project purpose or reason for approving the project
(3) Overall requirements of the project
(4) Measurable project goals and related success criteria
(5) Main risks of the project
(6) Overall milestone progress plan
(7) Overall budget
(8) Project approval requirements
(9) The assigned project manager and his responsibilities and authorities
(10) Name and authority of the sponsor or other person who approved the project charter
15. What are the input, output, and tool techniques for developing a project charter?
Input: Project statement of work, business case, agreement (contract), business environment factors, organizational process assets
Output: Project Charter
Tools and technologies: Xisai.com’s judgment and guidance technology
16. What is the role of the project charter?
(1) Determine the project manager and stipulate the rights of the project manager.
(2) Officially confirm the existence of the project and give the project a legal status.
(3) Specify the overall goals of the project, including scope, time, cost, quality, etc.
(4) By describing the reasons for launching the project, connect the project with the daily business operations and strategic plans of the executing organization.
17. Briefly describe the steps for developing a project management plan?
(1) Develop respective sub-plans for each specific knowledge area.
(2) The overall management knowledge area collects various sub-plans and integrates them into a project management plan.
(3) Use the project management plan to guide the execution and monitoring of the project, and monitor during the execution process.
(4) Submit necessary change requests to the implementation of the overall change control process for approval.
(5) Update the project management plan based on approved change requests.
18. What are the input, output, and tool techniques for developing a project management plan?
Inputs: project charter, results of other planning processes, enterprise environmental factors, organizational process assets
Output: Project Management Plan
Tools and technologies: Xisai.com’s judgment and guidance technology
19. What does the project management plan include?
Main contents of the project management plan:
Management sub-plan (9): scope, schedule, cost, quality, human resources, stakeholders, communication, risk, procurement management plan
Other management plans (4): quality improvement plan; configuration, change, demand management plan
Important benchmarks (3): scope benchmark, schedule benchmark, cost benchmark
Select life cycle and process for the project (2): The life cycle selected for the project and the process and life cycle model to be used in each stage
20. What are the main uses of a project management plan?
(1) Guide project execution, monitoring and closing.
(2) Provide benchmarks for project performance assessment and project control.
(3) Record the assumptions underlying the project plan.
(4) Record the relevant program choices in the process of formulating the project plan.
(5) Promote communication among project stakeholders.
(6) Specify the time, content and method for management to review projects.
21. What are the inputs, outputs, tools and techniques for monitoring project work?
(1) Input: project management plan, schedule forecast, cost forecast, confirmed changes, work performance information, enterprise environmental factors and organizational process assets
(2) Output: change requests, work performance reports, project management plan updates, project document updates
(3) Tools and technologies: analytical techniques, project management information systems and meetings
22. What are the inputs, outputs, tools and techniques for implementing holistic change?
(1) Input: project management plan, change requests, work performance reports, business environment factors, organizational process assets
(2) Output: approved change request, change log, project management plan update, project document update
(3) Tools and technologies: meetings, change control tools
23. What is the overall change control process?
Raise a change request—>Assess the impact of the change—>Notify project stakeholders of the assessment results—>CCB approval—>Execute the change—>Record the change implementation status—>Distribute new documents
24. What are the common reasons for changes?
(1) Errors or omissions in the definition of product scope (results);
(2) Errors or omissions in defining the project scope (work);
(3) Customers raise new demands;
(4) Emergency plans or avoidance plans to deal with risks;
(5) Passive adjustments caused by inconsistencies between the project execution process and baseline requirements;
(6) Adjustment of project team personnel;
(7) Requirements for technological innovation;
(8) External events.
25. What does a change request include?
(1) Corrective measures. For deviations that have actually occurred.
(2) Preventive measures. Preventive measures are taken against possible future deviations.
(3) Defect remedy. A purposeful activity undertaken to correct an inconsistent product or product component. Defect remediation measures only address project quality issues.
(4) Update. Changes to formally controlled project documents or plans to reflect modified or added comments or content.
26. What are the main processes of project scope management?
(1) Prepare scope management plan.
(2) Collect requirements. Identify and document the relevant needs of project stakeholders.
(3) Define the scope. Describe the product and project scope in detail and prepare a project scope statement.
(4) Create WBS. Break down the overall project work into smaller, manageable components.
(5) Confirm scope. Formal acceptance of completed deliverables.
(6) Scope control. Monitor project and product scope status and manage scope baseline changes.
27. What is product scope? What is project scope?
Product Scope: Indicates the features and functions of a product or service. How to determine the scope of an information system is called requirements analysis in software engineering.
Project Scope: All work that must be completed to complete products and services with specified features and functionality.
28. What are the contents of the scope management plan and the requirements management plan?
(1) The scope management plan is an integral part of the project or program management plan and describes how to define, formulate, supervise, control and confirm the project scope.
(2) The requirements management plan is an integral part of the project management plan and describes how to analyze, record and manage requirements, as well as the impact of the relationship between stages on management requirements. The project manager selects the most effective inter-phase relationships for the project and documents it in the requirements management plan.
29. What does a scope statement include?
The scope statement is a description of the project scope, key deliverables, assumptions, and constraints. The project scope statement documents the entire scope, including project and product scope. The project scope statement details the project deliverables and the work that must be performed to create those deliverables.
(1) Project goals
(2) Product scope description
(3) Project requirements
(4) Project boundaries
(5) Deliverables
(6) Constraints
(7) Assumptions
30. In what forms can a work breakdown structure (WBS) be decomposed?
WBS decomposition can take the following form:
(1) Treat each stage of the project life cycle as the first level of decomposition, and place products and project deliverables on the second level
(2) Consider the main deliverables as the first level of decomposition
(3) Carry out the first level of decomposition by sub-projects. Subprojects (such as outsourced work) may be implemented by organizations outside the project team. The seller then prepares a corresponding contract work breakdown structure as part of the outsourced work.
31. What are the decomposition principles of WBS?
(1) Maintain project integrity at all levels and avoid omissions.
(2) A work unit can only belong to an upper-level unit to avoid crossover.
(3) Work units at the same level should have the same properties.
(4) The work unit should be able to separate different responsible persons and different work contents.
(5) Facilitate project management planning and project control needs.
(6) The lowest-level work should be comparable, manageable, and quantitatively inspectable.
(7) Include subcontracted work.
32. What are the activities that need to be carried out to break down the project work into work packages?
(1) Identify and analyze deliverables and related work
(2) Determine the structure and arrangement method of WBS
(3) Detailed and decomposed layer by layer from top to bottom.
(4) Develop and assign identification codes for WBS components
(5) Verify whether the degree of decomposition of deliverables is appropriate
33. What are the common representations of work breakdown structure (WBS)? What are their respective advantages, disadvantages and applicable occasions?
Common WBS representation forms are hierarchical tree structures and tabular forms.
(1) The WBS of the tree structure diagram has clear levels, is very intuitive, and has strong structure, but is not easy to modify; it is also difficult to express the overall project view for large and complex projects. Because of its intuitiveness, it is generally used in some small and medium-sized application projects.
(2) The tabular form can reflect all work elements of the project, but is less intuitive. It is often used in some large and complex projects.
34. What does the project scope baseline include?
Project scope statement, WBS, WBS dictionary
35. What is the difference between verified deliverables and accepted deliverables?
Verified deliverables refer to deliverables that have been completed and checked as correct by the quality process and are the input for scope confirmation; accepted deliverables are deliverables that are formally signed and approved in writing by the customer or sponsor , is the output of range confirmation.
36. What problems are frequently encountered during the scope change process?
(1) Project scope spread
(2) Failure to obtain investor approval
(3) The project team failed to fulfill its responsibilities
37. What are the processes of project schedule management?
(1) Planning progress management.
(2) Define activities.
(3) Arrange the sequence of activities.
(4) Estimating activity resources: Estimate the type and quantity of resources required to perform each activity.
(5) Estimating activity duration: Estimate the time required to complete a single activity.
(6) Develop a schedule plan: Create a project schedule model.
(7) Control progress: monitor project activity status, update project progress, and manage progress baseline changes.
38. What is the difference between resource smoothing and resource balancing?
(1) Resource balancing often changes the critical path, usually lengthening it.
(2) Resource smoothing does not change the critical path and the completion date will not be delayed.
(3) Resource balancing can achieve the optimization of all resources, but resource smoothing may not achieve the optimization of all resources.
39. What is connection buffering? What is project buffering?
Project buffer: The buffer placed at the end of the critical chain is called the project buffer to ensure that the project is not delayed due to delays in the critical chain.
Connecting buffer: It is placed at the junction between the non-critical chain and the critical chain to protect the critical chain from delays in the non-critical chain.
40. What measures can be taken to shorten the activity duration?
(1) Rush work, invest more resources or increase working hours to shorten the construction period of key activities;
(2) Quick follow-up and parallel construction to shorten the length of the critical path;
(3) Use high-quality resources or more experienced personnel;
(4) Reduce the scope of activities or reduce activity requirements;
(5) Improve methods or technologies to improve production efficiency;
(6) Strengthen quality management, detect problems in time, reduce rework, and shorten the construction period.
41. What are the tools and techniques used to control progress?
(1) Performance review
trend analysis
critical path method
critical chain method
Earned value management
(2) Project management software
(3) Resource optimization technology
(4) Modeling technology
(5) Advance and lag
(6) Progress compression
(7) Progress plan preparation tool
42. Briefly describe the process of project cost management?
(1) Develop cost management plan: Develop project cost structure, estimation, budget and control standards.
(2) Cost estimate: Prepare the approximate cost of resources required to complete project activities.
(3) Cost budget: Total the estimated costs of each activity or work package to establish a cost baseline.
(4) Cost control: Factors that affect cost deviations and control changes in project budgets.
43. Briefly describe the main contents of project cost control?
(1) Influence factors that cause cost basis changes
(2) Process and manage change requests in a timely manner
(3) Ensure that cost expenditures do not exceed the approved funding limit
(4) Monitor cost performance and identify and analyze deviations from cost baselines
(5) Prevent unapproved changes from appearing in cost or resource usage reports
(6) Report approved changes and related costs to relevant stakeholders
(7) Control expected cost overruns within acceptable limits
44. What are contingency reserves and management reserves?
The contingency reserve is a portion of the budget included in the cost baseline to address identified risks that have been accepted and for which contingency or mitigation measures have been developed. A contingency reserve is usually part of the budget.
Management reserves are used to deal with unforeseen work and "unknown-unknown" risks in the project scope. Management reserves are not included in the cost baseline but are part of the overall project budget and funding requirements and require senior-level approval before use.
45. Briefly describe what processes include project quality management?
(1) Plan quality management: Identify the quality requirements and standards for the project and its deliverables, and describe in writing how the project will demonstrate compliance with quality requirements.
(2) Implement quality assurance: the process of auditing quality requirements and quality control measurement results to ensure that reasonable quality standards and operational definitions are adopted.
(3) Control quality: The process of monitoring and recording the results of quality activities in order to evaluate performance and recommend necessary changes.
46. Please briefly describe your understanding of quality and grade?
Quality as an achieved performance or outcome is the degree to which a set of characteristics meets requirements.
Levels, as designed, are level classifications of deliverables that have the same purpose but different technical characteristics.
47. Please indicate the main work content of QA?
QA work generally includes: formulating a quality management plan, implementing quality management activities according to the plan (such as quality inspection, product inspection, participating in reviews and sampling inspections, etc.), recording and communicating problems found until the problem is solved, and reporting unresolved problems to Senior leaders, keep quality records, and provide quality training to project team members.
48. What are the seven old tools and the new seven tools of quality control?
(1) The seven old tools: flow charts, cause and effect diagrams, histograms, scatter diagrams, Pareto charts, control charts, and checklists.
(2) Seven new tools: affinity diagram, process decision-making program diagram, association diagram, tree diagram, priority matrix diagram, activity network diagram, and matrix diagram.
49. Briefly describe the process of project quality management?
(1) Establish a quality standard system;
(2) Conduct quality control on project implementation;
(3) Compare the actual situation with the standard;
(4) Correct errors.
50. Please explain what activities include project quality control?
(1) Ensure the consistency of testing management conducted by internal or external agencies;
(2) Discover differences with quality standards (customer needs, quality requirements);
(3) Eliminate the reasons why the performance of products and services cannot be met (analyze the reasons and solve them);
(4) Review quality standards to determine achievable goals and costs;
(5) Determine whether the project’s quality standards or project specific goals can be revised.
51. What processes does project human resource management include?
(1) Prepare project human resources plan: determine and identify the roles and required skills in the project, assign project responsibilities and reporting relationships, and record them in written documents.
(2) Form a project team: Obtain project human resources through recruitment and other methods.
(3) Building project teams: Improve personal skills, improve team collaboration, and improve the overall level of the team.
(4) Manage project team: track individual and team performance and provide feedback, solve problems and coordinate changes.
52. Characteristics of a successful project team?
(1) The team’s goals are clear, and members understand the contribution of their work to the goals.
(2) The team has a clear organizational structure and clear positions.
(3) There are documented or customary work processes and methods, and the processes are concise and effective.
(4) The project manager has clear assessment and evaluation standards for team members, and the work results are fair and open, with clear rewards and punishments.
(5) Organizational disciplines jointly formulated and observed.
(6) Collaborative work.
53. Please briefly describe the five stages and characteristics of general project team building?
(1) Form, form a common goal, and have good expectations.
(2) Shock and start executing assigned tasks. Individuals began to argue and blame each other, and began to doubt the ability of the project manager.
(3) Standardization, after running in, team members are familiar with each other, conflicts are basically resolved, and the project manager is recognized by the team.
(4) Give full play, cooperate with each other tacitly, trust the project manager, and members work actively. Have a strong sense of collective honor and defend the reputation of the team.
(5) End, the team is dismissed.
54. Please indicate common conflict resolution methods?
(1) Problem solving
(2) Cooperation
(3) Forced
(4) Compromise
(5) Seeking common ground while reserving differences
(6) Withdrawal
55. Briefly describe Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory?
(1) Physiological needs: The lowest level for food, clothing, housing, transportation and other needs.
(2) Safety needs: including the needs for personal safety, stable life, not being unemployed, and being free from pain, threats or diseases.
(3) Social interaction needs: including the needs for friendship, love and affiliation.
(4) Self-esteem needs: refers to self-esteem and sense of honor.
(5) Self-actualization needs: refers to the need to obtain greater space to achieve self-development.
56. Briefly describe the main points of Theory X and Theory Y?
(1) Theory Creativity etc.
(2) Theory Y’s assumptions about human nature are exactly opposite to Theory
57. What processes does communication management include?
(1) Planning and communication management: The process of formulating appropriate project communication methods and plans based on the information needs and requirements of stakeholders and the organization’s available assets.
(2) Management communication: The process of generating, collecting, distributing, storing, retrieving and ultimately disposing of project information according to the communication management plan.
(3) Control communication: The process of supervising and controlling communication throughout the project life cycle to ensure that the information needs of project stakeholders are met.
58. What are the methods of communication?
Discussion, consultation, promotion, narrative. The degree of participation from strong to weak is discussion, consultation, promotion, and narration. The order of control from weak to strong is discussion, consultation, promotion, and narration.
59. What are the purposes of the project summary meeting?
(1) Understand the work situation of the entire project process and the performance of relevant team members
(2) Understand the problems and propose improvement measures
(3) Understand and summarize the experiences worth learning that emerged during the entire project process
(4) Discuss the summarized documents and store them in the company's knowledge base after approval to form the company's knowledge accumulation
60. Briefly describe the stakeholder management process?
(1) Identify stakeholders.
(2) Plan stakeholder management: analyze the potential impact of stakeholders on project success, formulate appropriate management strategies, and mobilize stakeholders to participate in the entire project life cycle.
(3) Manage stakeholder participation: communicate and collaborate with stakeholders to promote reasonable participation of stakeholders in project activities.
(4) Control stakeholder participation: Supervise the relationship between project stakeholders, adjust strategies and plans, and mobilize stakeholder participation.
61. Identify the steps of stakeholder analysis?
(1) Identify all people, groups or organizations that can affect or be affected by the project;
(2) Analyze the possible impacts of stakeholders and classify them. Develop management strategies;
(3) Evaluate the possible reactions or responses of key stakeholders to different situations in order to plan how to influence them, increase their support and mitigate their potential negative impact.
62. Briefly describe the procurement management process?
(1) Prepare procurement plan. Document the project's needs for products, services or results and identify potential suppliers.
(2) Implement procurement. Obtain information from potential suppliers. Review all proposals or quotes, select among potential suppliers, etc.
(3) Control procurement. Manage contracts and relationships between buyers and sellers, and monitor contract execution. Review and document supplier performance to take necessary corrective actions, etc.
(4) Contract closing
63. Briefly describe the factors that need to be considered when selecting a supplier?
(1) Cost or price
(2) Service
(3) Quality
(4) Technical capabilities
(5) Management ability
(6) Financial strength
(7) Production capacity
(8) Business scale and type
(9) Performance
(10) Qualifications
(11) Intellectual property rights
(12) Risk
64. What are the common procurement documents?
Commonly used procurement documents include: invitation for proposals, invitation for quotation, solicitation of opinions from suppliers, invitation for bid, notice of tender, invitation for negotiation and initial proposal from the contractor, etc.
65. In a procurement contract, what are the provisions on payment methods generally included?
In the payment terms of the contract, the following three aspects should be stipulated:
(1) Conditions for payment;
(2) Settlement and payment method:
(3) Refusal to pay the payment for the goods. The contractor has the right to refuse to pay the payment in whole or in part.
66. What is a statement of work?
A statement of work (SOW) is a description of the products, results, or services to be provided by the project.
67. What is the difference between a statement of work and a scope statement?
The difference between a statement of work and a project scope statement: a statement of work is a narrative description of the products or services to be provided by the project; a project scope statement determines the scope of the project by clarifying the work that the project should complete.
68. Briefly describe the bidding process?
(1) If the tenderer adopts the public bidding method, it should issue a bidding announcement; if the tenderer adopts the invitation bidding method, it should issue bidding invitations to three or more specific legal persons or other organizations that have the ability to undertake bidding projects and have good credit standing.
(2) The tenderer may organize potential bidders to visit the project site based on the specific conditions of the bidding project.
(3) Bidders bid.
(4) Bid opening.
(5) Bid evaluation.
(6) Determine the winning bidder.
(7) Enter into a contract.
69. Briefly describe the main contents of contract management?
(1) Contract signing management
(2) Contract performance management
(3) Contract change management
(4) Contract file management
70. Please briefly describe the contract claims process?
(1) File a claim
(2) Submit claim information
(3) (Supervision Engineer) Review
(4) Supervision engineer) replied or failed to respond within the time limit
(5) Claim recognition
(6) Continued claims
(7) Arbitration and litigation
(8) Submit final claim report
71. What are the general procedures for contract change control systems?
(1) Proposal of changes. Submit a written contract change request to the supervision unit (or CCB).
(2) Review of change requests. After it is first submitted to the supervision unit (or CCB) for review, review opinions on the contract change request will be submitted and reported to the owner.
(3) Approval of changes. The supervision unit (or CCB) makes decisions.
(4) Implementation of changes. After the owner and the contractor reach an agreement on contract changes, the supervision unit (or CCB) will formally issue a contract change order, and the contractor will organize the implementation.
72. Briefly describe the main activities of configuration management?
(1) Develop a configuration management plan
(2) Configuration identification
(3) Configuration control
(4) Configuration status report
(5) Configuration audit
(6) Release management and delivery
73. What is the difference between configuration management and change management?
Configuration management focuses on deliverables (including intermediate products) and process documents, while change management focuses on identifying, recording, approving or rejecting changes to project documents, deliverables or baselines.
74. What are the specific tasks of a CMO?
The Configuration Manager (CMO) is responsible for performing configuration management activities throughout the entire life cycle of the project, specifically:
(1) Write a configuration management plan
(2) Establish and maintain configuration management system
(3) Establish and maintain configuration library
(4) Configuration item identification
(5) Establish and manage baselines
(6) Version management and configuration control
(7) Configuration status report
(8) Configuration audit
(9) Release management and delivery
(10) Provide configuration management training to project members
75. What are the basic contents of configuration identification?
(1) Identify configuration items that need to be controlled
(2) Specify an identification number for each configuration item
(3) Define the important characteristics of each configuration item
(4) Determine the owner and responsibilities of each configuration item
(5) Determine the time and conditions for configuration items to enter configuration management
(6) Establish and control baseline
(7) Maintain the relationship between document and component revisions and product versions
76. What does configuration audit include?
(1) Function configuration audit
Functional configuration audit is to audit the consistency of configuration items (whether the actual functions of the configuration items are consistent with their requirements).
(2) Physical configuration audit
Physical configuration auditing is to audit the integrity of configuration items (whether the physical existence of the configuration items is consistent with expectations).
77. What is the function of configuration auditing?
Configuration audit includes functional audit and physical audit to verify the consistency and completeness of current configuration items. Among them, functional audit is to verify that the configuration items have achieved the performance and functions specified by the requirements. Physical audit is mainly to confirm whether the configuration items exist, whether the configuration items are complete and available, etc.
78. Why version control of configuration items is necessary?
During the project development process, most configuration items need to be modified many times before they are finally finalized. Any modifications to configuration items will produce a new version. Since we cannot guarantee that the new version will be "better" than the old version, we cannot abandon the old version. The purpose of version control is to save all versions of configuration items according to certain rules to avoid version loss or confusion, and to quickly and accurately find any version of a configuration item.
79. Briefly describe the version control process of configuration items?
Create configuration items. Configuration items in draft status will enter the controlled state (formally released) after passing the review; if modification is required, the modification will be approved and approved. After the modification, it will pass the review again and enter the controlled status.
80. What are the main activities of project change management in software project management?
(1) Identify possible changes.
(2) Manage each identified change.
(3) Maintain the integrity of all baselines.
(4) Based on the approved changes, update relevant requirements and coordinate changes within the male body project.
(5) Based on quality reports, control project quality to meet standards.
(6) Maintain a timely and accurate information base about project products and related documents until the end of the project.
81. Briefly describe the risk management process?
(1) Planning risk management
(2) Identify risks
(3) Implement qualitative risk analysis: evaluate and analyze the probability and impact of risks, and prioritize risks.
(4) Implement quantitative risk analysis: Conduct quantitative analysis on the impact of identified risks on the overall project objectives.
(5) Plan risk response
(6) Control risks: implement risk response plans in projects, track identified risks, monitor residual risks, identify new risks, and evaluate the effectiveness of the risk process.
82. What are the characteristics of risk?
Objectivity, contingency, relativity, sociality, uncertainty
83. What strategies can be used to address threats or risks that may negatively impact project objectives?
avoid, divert, mitigate, accept
84. What are some proactive risk response strategies?
Develop, improve, share, accept
85. Briefly describe the principles of risk identification?
(1) From coarse to fine, from fine to coarse
(2) Strictly define risk connotations and consider the correlation between risk factors
(3) Doubt first, rule out later
(4) Pay equal attention to exclusion and confirmation.
(5) Experimental demonstration can be done when necessary
86. Please briefly describe the general discussion content of the project summary meeting?
(1) Project performance
(2) Technical performance
(3) Cost performance
(4) Project progress performance
(5) Project communication
(6) Identify problems and solve them
(7) Opinions and suggestions
87. Please briefly describe the documents involved in system document acceptance?
(1) Introduction to system integration projects
(2) System integration project final report
(3) Information system instruction manual
(4) Information system maintenance manual
(5) Software and hardware product manuals, quality guarantee certificates, etc.
88. What work does the closing management of system integration projects usually include?
Project acceptance, project work summary, system maintenance, post-project evaluation work
89. What is the difference between administrative closing and contractual closing?
(1) Administrative closing must be carried out at the end of each project phase; each contract requires and only needs to be closed once.
(2) Contract closing occurs before administrative closing.
(3) For administrative closing, the project sponsor or senior management shall issue a written confirmation of the end of the project phase or the entire project. For contract closing, the member responsible for procurement management shall issue a written confirmation of the end of the contract to the seller.
90. The attributes of information system security include confidentiality, integrity, availability and non-repudiation. Please explain the meaning of each attribute.
(1) Confidentiality is the characteristic that information of an application system is not disclosed to or exploited by unauthorized users, entities or processes.
(2) Integrity is the characteristic that information cannot be changed without authorization.
(3) Availability is the characteristic that application system information can be accessed by authorized entities and used as needed.
(4) Non-repudiation, also known as non-repudiation, ensures the true identity of the participants during the information interaction process of the application system.
91. Please list the ways to prevent static electricity in computer rooms?
Generation of static electricity and static charging: Static electricity is mainly caused by objects rubbing against each other. Produced by contact and separation, but also by other causes.
The anti-static measures for the computer room are as follows:
(1) Grounding and shielding.
(2) Anti-static clothing.
(3) Temperature, humidity and anti-static.
(4) The floor is anti-static.
(5) The material is anti-static.
(6) Repair MOS circuit protection.
(7) Static elimination requirements.
92. What are the characteristics of information systems?
(1) Purpose.
(2) Nestability.
(3) Stability. A system with strong stability enables the system to maintain its internal structure and order while being affected by external forces.
(4) Openness. The system is identifiable to the external environment.
(5) Vulnerability. The system may have the characteristics of losing structure, function, and order.
(6) Robustness. The characteristic of a system that can resist unexpected states is also called robustness.
93. What are the six elements of the information system?
(1) Information technology—the leader of the information system and the main frontier of information construction
(2) Information resources—core tasks and weak links of informatization
(3) Information network - the basis for the development and utilization of information resources and the application of information technology
(4) Information technology and industry—the foundation for my country’s informatization construction
(5) Informatization talents—the foundation of successful informatization and the key to informatization construction
(6) Informatization policies, regulations and standards—the fundamental guarantee for informatization development
94. What is the strategic goal of my country’s informatization?
(1) Promote fundamental changes in the mode of economic growth
(2) Achieve independent innovation in information technology and leapfrog development of the information industry
(3) Improve the level of network popularization, the level of development and utilization of information resources, and the level of information security assurance
(4) Enhance the government’s public service capabilities, the ability to disseminate advanced socialist culture, the ability to transform military affairs with Chinese characteristics, and the ability to apply national information technology.
95. What are the basic principles of informatization in my country?
(1) Coordinate development and advance in an orderly manner
(2) Demand-driven, market-oriented
(3) Improve mechanisms and drive innovation
(4) Strengthen management and ensure safety
96. What are the strategic points for the informatization development of Chinese enterprises?
(1) Promote industrialization through informatization
(2) Integration and penetration of informatization into the entire process of enterprise business
(3) Positive interaction between information industry development and enterprise informatization
(4) Give full play to the guiding role of the government
(5) Pay great attention to information security
(6) Enterprise informatization is organically combined with the reorganization and transformation of enterprises and the formation of modern enterprise systems
(7) Promote enterprise informatization “according to local conditions”
97. What stages can the information system life cycle be divided into?
Project establishment, development, operation and maintenance, and demise
98. What are the characteristics of big data?
Big Data has 5V characteristics: Volume, Velocity, Variety, Value, and Veracity.
99. What are the service types of cloud computing?
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), Software as a Service (SaaS)
100. In the Information Technology Service Standard (ITSS), what are the core elements of IT services? What is the life cycle?
ITSS stipulates the components and life cycle of IT services and standardizes them.
Components: people, processes, technology and resources Life cycle: consists of 5 stages: planning and design, deployment and implementation, service operation, continuous improvement and supervision and management.
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