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World Health Organization each year April 2 is set to "World Autism Awareness Day", to raise awareness about autism and related research and diagnostics as well as autism.
2009 World Autism Day, the United States had the demonstrators in New York City's Central Park is survived by 150 strollers to raise awareness of the people. This year's April 2, is the 12th World Autism Awareness Day.
The concept of autism was first proposed in 1943 by the Johns Hopkins University expert Leo Kanner, the medical name for the "autism spectrum disorders" (Autism Spectrum Disorder), collectively referred to as "ASD" internationally. Basic features include autistic disorder of social interaction and social exchange, repetitive behavior, interests or active mode. Currently, the industry believe that autism unity, "the cause is unknown, no cure," but the timing and method of post-rehabilitation intervention can bring quite a different prognosis to patients, and found that earlier age, the earlier the intervention, the greater the effect , the better the prognosis, at the same time, 3-6 year-old is also considered the intervention of prime time.
Autism prevalence in recent years around the world increased significantly, recognized autism incidence rate of 1% -1.5%. 2020 March 26, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released the latest US prevalence of autism spectrum disorders, namely every 54 children have a diagnosed before the age of 8 ASD, the ratio a previous estimate of an increase of nearly 10%, the status quo is not optimistic.
Fortunately, recent scientific research has been related to positive developments, with the further development of the field of gene technology and related research, studies of ASD risk loci more and more industry attention. Recently, a genetic study to date of the size of the largest autism spectrum disorders (ASD), the researchers from over 50 centers worldwide reported that 102 genes associated with the disease, including dozens of previously undetected genes.
It also provides the basis for early diagnosis of autism early screening.
Arterial network from diagnosis, treatment and medication and other aspects of rehabilitation, finishing the current development status and characteristics of autism industrial market, and look forward to its future direction.
First, the screening and diagnosis of autism: When AI to knock on the door
in July 2019, published on the "National Academy of Sciences journal" paper said that in terms of diagnosis and screening, with the AI situation measuring pupil dilation or heart rate spontaneous fluctuations can be diagnosed earlier autism, Rett syndrome (a serious affect children's psychomotor development of disease) or have other neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by autistic behavior.
In September, an article published in "The Lancet" digital health papers also mention the enthusiasm of AI diagnosis, the paper said, AI can be as successful as medical professionals diagnose disease. University of Birmingham researchers analyzed data discovery, AI deep learning can correctly detect 87% of cases of the disease, compared with 86% of medical professionals. The FDA has approved a number of AI for health care is expected to assist doctors to improve efficiency.
AI technology continues to mature, to overcome autism early diagnosis of various pain points, brought more possibilities. Diagnosis of autism in the field of AI, a representative of the company was undoubtedly Cognoa.
Cognoa is headquartered in the "heart of Silicon Valley" - Palo Alto, which is the world's first dedicated to machine learning (machine learning) applied to early childhood autism screening company.
In fact, the American Pediatric Society recommends that parents in the first nine months after the birth of a child to take them 36 months early screening a number of developmental disorders, the most important project is autistic. Early screening can effectively avoid missing a golden intervention time. Once missed, these effects cause developmental disorders are likely to accompany the patient's life.
Even so, the rate of early screening for developmental disorders such as autism American children remains low, mainly due to the red tape of luck and traditional American way of screening for parents (reservations required in advance, went to medical institutions, waiting for the doctor screenings a series of procedures).
In this context, Cognoa facilitate the emergence of a parent to a great extent. After parents simply download the application store is good App, completely fill out the basic information about the child, and then to answer 15-20 questions and their actions related to the specific circumstances of the child, the system will automatically generate the screening program.
Cognoa provide screening programs may seem simple, but authoritative medical and explore cutting-edge AI technology convergence results.
Key to the whole set of screening programs is that the accuracy and reliability of the online questionnaire design results. The theoretical basis of these problems comes from five years of clinical research, Dr. Dennis Wall exceeded. In the meantime, their team on the prevalence of more than one hundred thousand autistic children were tracked at Harvard Medical School and the Stanford School of Medicine.
Clinical research information generated aggregated into a huge database, Cognoa use vast amounts of medical data on machine learning, thus training a set of unique algorithms. When the user enters the child's behavior in App information, the system will draw corresponding conclusions based on screening algorithms have been established.
Second, the reconstruction of the entire autism treatment: digitization can do
in addition to early screening techniques have AI blessing, rehabilitation aspects of autism in recent years is also due to the rapid development of digital health and ushered in a revolutionary opportunity, telemedicine and AI technology allows more patients to cover autism screening, diagnosis and treatment to improve efficiency while also reducing health care costs, and as sophisticated and smart phones covering electronic technology, such as VR / AR App and mobile medical applications also gradually rise.
- 1. Autism Treatment: Robotics and VR / AR to help out
accompany human robot is often criticized too mechanical and unwieldy, but this is precisely the autistic children can bring a sense of security, patiently guide autistic children.
MIT researchers to solve the problems of children with autism face recognition difficulties, developed a companion robot. Children with autism have difficulties in identifying facial expressions and emotions of ordinary people, a number of experts have developed a way to make a facial expression of the robot, and by interacting with autistic children, which allows children with autism imitate.
The nation's third-largest private university Brigham Young University (BYU) in a research team, developed a robot named Benni hope Benni can become friends autistic children. This robot looks and "Star Wars" in the BB-8 is very similar, which is designed to supplement the treatment of autistic children.
Is not a simple toy robot companion, to achieve a therapeutic effect, need to use AI technology feedback and autistic children integrate feedback data, to provide support for customized treatment. Behind this database support can not be separated.
Google has and "Autism Speaks (AUTISM SPEAKS)" famous autism advocacy and research institutions, the establishment of autism gene pool. The gene bank to collect 10,000 children and their families from all over the world the whole genome and sequenced, thereby establishing a database may be open to autism research institutions around the world.
Also focused on the analysis of the company's database and AI also BioSymetrics. In the field of autism, BioSymetrics been pretreated automatic, integrated analysis and predictive modeling tool to build a big data. These technologies can serve the health and hospital systems, bio-pharmaceutical, drug discovery and medical precision. In other words, BioSymetrics can achieve integration of different types of biological data, and combining data predictive analysis.
Children with autism is difficult and the real world standards, while ordinary people are difficult to decode the meaning of their behavior. In addition to AI, VR can build a bridge between the two.
VR used in the treatment of autism there are many ways, it can solve the problem of autism autism program that can give more customized security space. In terms of the treatment of autistic children, VR gaming in particular, can reduce their preparedness, analyze their behavior meaning.
As early as 2014, there is a study on VR game: Staff autistic children bring significant head device, head position display unit can capture every expression care of children with autism and displayed on a virtual role-playing games, the game interact with their virtual character, an avatar is also a therapist.
Controlled trials conducted at the University of Newcastle involving 32 autistic children 8-14 years old. Accepted in the blue half of the room (by the team developed VR games) treatment, half as a control group, after six months of receiving delayed treatment. After two weeks of treatment, the study showed the top 16 there are four (25%) had a positive response to treatment; at the same time, studies have shown that VR play therapy applies equally to adults with autism.
- 2. Autism Rehabilitation: online and offline
than Europe and other developed countries started earlier autism diagnosis and treatment market intervention started the field of domestic autism relatively late, it is also in short supply in the state.
In the speech / rehabilitation, Overall, the domestic market is still autism rehabilitation rehabilitation aspects (early intervention) based, and there is uneven development of the phenomenon. A serious imbalance in the rehabilitation market is mainly affected by two factors: first, government subsidies to early intervention agencies, such as rice and millet, and no subsidies for adult services market; second, the government invested in a number of rehabilitation assistance programs, such as the colorful dream, etc. while it is no investment in the rehabilitation facility.
Supply of rehabilitation market is still there is a huge gap. The market needs more participants to enter. Therefore, the performance of existing market participants has a substantial reference. In addition, with the popularity of mobile Internet, there were two rehabilitation service forms online and offline. Because autism rehabilitation requires some behavioral interventions, interactive games and emotional communication, therefore, line services for children with autism is the most effective way of rehabilitation, rehabilitation facilities and most are in the form of offline operations, such as the establishment the earliest stars rain and rehabilitation institutions nationwide chain of colorful deer.
The rehabilitation of the line on behalf of the company are rice and millet. Rice and millet is aimed at 2-7 year old market early treatment and education of autistic children. In the mode, autism rehabilitation training rice and millet by way of a combination of online and offline, dissemination of scientific knowledge base of autism aspects of the online course, build brand influence; rehabilitation centers in line for further rehabilitation training, one on one training from all aspects of language education, to social movements, such as self-care for autistic children by the teacher.
The end of 2019, rice and millet completed 100 million yuan B round of financing led by the venture capital investment of Yuan-sheng, after the completion of the investment, rice and millet will continue to increase intervention for children with autism rehabilitation techniques, AI Solutions, RICE system development, as well as Chinese investment in the rehabilitation of children with autism intervention of data, to quantify the effect of the system. In addition, rice and millet with domestic universities to establish a joint laboratory, will soon launch a landing application autism AI multimodal research results.
In addition, due to the impact of the recent epidemic, other domestic companies have also joined the joint online and offline, as the East Kai sound inviting international authority autism and speech therapists to join, to break the regional restrictions under the free screening and taught line, meet the needs of autism rehabilitation during the epidemic.
- 3. Autism Mobile Medical App
in addition to AI therapy and speech / behavior rehabilitation, but with the rise of mobile Internet, the mode of treatment of autism also to diversify, autism App also born. According to 2016 statistics arterial network eggshell Research Institute, based on data included AutismSpeaks, the world there are over 500 models of autism mobile medical applications, scientific research has proven to be beneficial medical applications with autism have 38 models.
Among them, foreign autism App features focused on the treatment; the country is still in the early stages of autism App focused on prevention and raising awareness.
Autism study abroad than domestic start as early as 40 years, so products are more concentrated on the treatment. The domestic public groups there is a lot of misunderstanding or even completely unaware of the state of awareness of autism, the main product in heightening public awareness, and many more public way to popularize knowledge of autism.
Domestic Autism App free of charge system, the focus is to promote, disseminate knowledge-based autism; autism foreign App concentrated between $ 0-4.99, has the most expensive $ 1.99. App autism may lie abroad started early, for the treatment of patients with autism mainly developed for commercial applications.
On the other hand, from a statistical autism App, domestic and foreign products in order to show the graphic forms are based. Which also mounted a show abroad in the form of voice, video and animation. China to raise autism awareness guardian-based, so we see the product has not yet been involved in voice, animation.
Third, autism treatment: innovative products is expected to broaden the market
compared to diagnosis and speech / behavior emerging field of new methods of treatment, new technology and new model activity, in the field of autism treatment is far less, some pharmaceutical companies I think spend limited amounts of money to develop and market drugs worthwhile, therefore prescribing psychotropic drugs or anticonvulsants are also used to treat children with autism.
At present studies have focused on autism medication atypical antipsychotics, especially risperidone, Magnus risperidone (Risperidone), there is plenty of evidence continues to show improvement irritable mood caused autism, and self-injurious behavior Wait. It had been approved by the FDA as risperidone treatment in children and adolescents with autism irritability medication.
Recently several innovative products are also worth noting. The first is the treatment of neurological startups System1 Biosciences use of phenotypic screening discover new drug for epilepsy, autism, schizophrenia and other complex neurological and psychiatric disease, drug discovery platform using stem cell lines from patients with cerebrovascular disease to develop organs like the brain , i.e., a so-called three-dimensional in vitro system. Three-dimensional in vitro system, researchers to identify potential compound, and comparing the latter with the difference in efficacy using standard pharmaceutical methods, which found clinically more effective methods of treating nerve.
Neurological Disorders Therapeutics Axial Biotherapeutics Parkinson's disease (PD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) gut targeted clinical program, at present, the company's main drug candidate ASD treatment is AB-2004, the drug has been in the animal the model may prove to repair leaks by removing the key intestinal microbial metabolites, thereby improving ASD related motion control behavior. AB-2004 to enter human clinical trials in the first quarter of 2019.
In addition, domestic companies have to start from the intestinal flora bacteria, such as autism overcome a kind of refractory disease, Shenzhen unknown Jun Biotechnology Co., Ltd. is China's first focus on the treatment of intestinal microflora AI pharmaceutical companies. Jun Tan, founder of the unknown experience, said the company is committed to micro-ecological bottleneck breakthrough drug discovery industry, the development of drugs for probiotics currently unmet clinical needs.
2019, "unknown king" and co-sponsored by Shanghai Xinhua Hospital, "Exploring the intestinal flora transplant (FMT) clinical study of the effectiveness of children with autism with gastrointestinal symptoms treatment" given to 20 by age rating FMT test different doses of the drug who, I hope, on the intestinal flora of patients with long-term remodeling by FMT gut microflora environment reconstruction treatment of autistic children, and thus affect brain structure and function in patients, thereby improving self autism symptoms.
In fact, in recent years the emergence of a large number of studies on autism and intestinal microbial contact, and there is evidence that patients with autism and intestinal flora imbalance has great relevance.
Through a series of experiments in animal models and human cohort studies, scientists have for the intestinal flora how it affects the development of autism have more in-depth knowledge and understanding, is currently a lot of data to prove the intestinal flora disorders may be partially self an important reason for onset of autism.
After the capital high fever, autism market next
adding AI and VR / AR, and bio-genetic constant breakthroughs in technology and mobile medical blessing, but also to autism, the market was hot, attracts capital. From the beginning of 2015, Fortune Venture Capital, Northern Light Venture Capital, Stora capital, F-Prime fund capital began to enter autism rehabilitation education sector, expand financing for the East Kai sound, rice and millet and other institutions, the industry suddenly accelerated, competition for teachers, technology is also more intense.
However, with "one hundred sugar war" under a wave of similar digital health, high fever after industry, the high-end market is still not much competition, the low-end market, but also usher in a new round of reshuffle.
According to incomplete statistics database artery orange, 2019 6 from the field of autism global financing event were, from which domestic 3, 3 from overseas. Interestingly, both domestic investment and financing event relates to the field of rehabilitation, intervention, foreign events are concentrated in the pharmaceutical research and development, disclosure of the amount in excess of millions of dollars.
Children with autism rehabilitation of the current education industry is in the replacement of old stage, and pharmaceutical research and development yet to break through, but fortunately a series of cutting-edge research class in addition to providing new ideas for autism drug development, but also bring disease online Inspiration management industry, the future of autism treatment industry is also expected to demand from today's dilemma.
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