帧内预测首先需要获取参考像素并对参考像素进行滤波。
VTM7.0中，initIntraPatternChType函数是获取参考像素和对参考像素滤波的入口函数，主要包含三步：
- 获取参考像素长度
- 获取参考像素
- 对参考像素进行滤波
代码如下：
//forceRefFilterFlag表示对参考像素强制滤波标志
void IntraPrediction::initIntraPatternChType(const CodingUnit &cu, const CompArea &area, const bool forceRefFilterFlag)
{
#if JVET_P0641_REMOVE_2xN_CHROMA_INTRA
CHECK(area.width == 2, "Width of 2 is not supported");
#endif
const CodingStructure& cs = *cu.cs;
if (!forceRefFilterFlag)
{
initPredIntraParams(*cu.firstPU, area, *cs.sps);//初始化帧内预测参数
}
Pel *refBufUnfiltered = m_refBuffer[area.compID][PRED_BUF_UNFILTERED];//未滤波的参考像素
Pel *refBufFiltered = m_refBuffer[area.compID][PRED_BUF_FILTERED];//滤波后的参考像素
// ----- Step 0：获取参考像素的长度 -----
// m_leftRefLength = 2H
// m_topRefLength = 2W
setReferenceArrayLengths( area );
// ----- Step 1: unfiltered reference samples -----
// ----- Step 1：获取参考像素 -----
xFillReferenceSamples( cs.picture->getRecoBuf( area ), refBufUnfiltered, area, cu );
// ----- Step 2: filtered reference samples -----
// ----- Step 2：参考像素的滤波 -----
if( m_ipaParam.refFilterFlag || forceRefFilterFlag )
{
xFilterReferenceSamples( refBufUnfiltered, refBufFiltered, area, *cs.sps, cu.firstPU->multiRefIdx );
}
}其中，setReferenceArrayLengths函数主要是用来设置上侧和左侧参考像素的长度
代码如下：
void IntraPrediction::setReferenceArrayLengths( const CompArea &area )
{
// set Top and Left reference samples length
// 设置上侧和左侧参考像素的长度
const int width = area.width;
const int height = area.height;
m_leftRefLength = (height << 1);//左侧长度为高的2倍
m_topRefLength = (width << 1);//上侧参考像素为宽的2倍
}xFillReferenceSamples函数主要是用来获取参考像素，主要包含两个步骤：
- 分析当前预测块边界，判断当前预测块上方、右上、左侧、左下重建像素可用的数目
- 使用重建像素填充参考像素
这里填充参考像素时，有以下三种情况：
- 重建像素全部不可用，则参考像素全部填充1<<(bitDepth-1)
- 重建像素全部可用，则直接使用重建像素填充参考像素
- 重建像素部分可用部分不可用时，则先查看最左下角的重建像素是否可用，有以下两个规则
- 如果可用，则从下往上遍历，不可用的重建像素值用其下方最相邻的像素值填充，到达左上角后，从左到右遍历，若有某点的重建像素值不可用，则用其左边最相邻的像素填充；
- 如果不可用，则先从下往上，从左往右遍历一次直到找到第一个可用的重建像素值，将该重建值填充到最左下角的位置，然后将其之前遍历到的不可用的重建像素都使用该重建值填充，接着按照规则1填充
//填充参考像素
//recoBuf重建的像素，refBufUnfiltered未滤波的参考像素
void IntraPrediction::xFillReferenceSamples( const CPelBuf &recoBuf, Pel* refBufUnfiltered, const CompArea &area, const CodingUnit &cu )
{
const ChannelType chType = toChannelType( area.compID );
const CodingStructure &cs = *cu.cs;
const SPS &sps = *cs.sps;
const PreCalcValues &pcv = *cs.pcv;
const int multiRefIdx = (area.compID == COMPONENT_Y) ? cu.firstPU->multiRefIdx : 0;//参考行索引
const int tuWidth = area.width;
const int tuHeight = area.height;
const int predSize = m_topRefLength;//上侧的参考行长度2W
const int predHSize = m_leftRefLength;//左侧的参考行长度2H
const int predStride = predSize + 1 + multiRefIdx;//2W + 1 + multiRefIdx
m_refBufferStride[area.compID] = predStride;
//不要在最底层移动（色度不分离）
const bool noShift = pcv.noChroma2x2 && area.width == 4; // don't shift on the lowest level (chroma not-split)
//宽度最小单位长度
const int unitWidth = tuWidth <= 2 && cu.ispMode && isLuma(area.compID) ? tuWidth : pcv.minCUWidth >> (noShift ? 0 : getComponentScaleX(area.compID, sps.getChromaFormatIdc()));
//色度最小单位长度
const int unitHeight = tuHeight <= 2 && cu.ispMode && isLuma(area.compID) ? tuHeight : pcv.minCUHeight >> (noShift ? 0 : getComponentScaleY(area.compID, sps.getChromaFormatIdc()));
const int totalAboveUnits = (predSize + (unitWidth - 1)) / unitWidth;//整个上参考行有几个块
const int totalLeftUnits = (predHSize + (unitHeight - 1)) / unitHeight;//整个左参考列有几个块
const int totalUnits = totalAboveUnits + totalLeftUnits + 1; //+1 for top-left 整个参考像素的数目
const int numAboveUnits = std::max<int>( tuWidth / unitWidth, 1 );//上参考行有几个块
const int numLeftUnits = std::max<int>( tuHeight / unitHeight, 1 );//左参考列有几个块
const int numAboveRightUnits = totalAboveUnits - numAboveUnits;//右上参考行有几个块
const int numLeftBelowUnits = totalLeftUnits - numLeftUnits;//左下参考列有几个块
CHECK( numAboveUnits <= 0 || numLeftUnits <= 0 || numAboveRightUnits <= 0 || numLeftBelowUnits <= 0, "Size not supported" );
// ----- Step 1: analyze neighborhood -----
// ----- Step 1:分析边界 -----
const Position posLT = area;//预测块内部的左上像素
const Position posRT = area.topRight();//预测块右部的右上像素
const Position posLB = area.bottomLeft();//预测块内部的左下参考像素
bool neighborFlags[4 * MAX_NUM_PART_IDXS_IN_CTU_WIDTH + 1];
int numIntraNeighbor = 0;//可用参考像素的个数
memset( neighborFlags, 0, totalUnits );
neighborFlags[totalLeftUnits] = isAboveLeftAvailable( cu, chType, posLT );//判断左上角参考像素是否可用
numIntraNeighbor += neighborFlags[totalLeftUnits] ? 1 : 0;
//判断上方、右上、左侧、左下参考像素可用的数目
numIntraNeighbor += isAboveAvailable ( cu, chType, posLT, numAboveUnits, unitWidth, (neighborFlags + totalLeftUnits + 1) );
numIntraNeighbor += isAboveRightAvailable( cu, chType, posRT, numAboveRightUnits, unitWidth, (neighborFlags + totalLeftUnits + 1 + numAboveUnits) );
numIntraNeighbor += isLeftAvailable ( cu, chType, posLT, numLeftUnits, unitHeight, (neighborFlags + totalLeftUnits - 1) );
numIntraNeighbor += isBelowLeftAvailable ( cu, chType, posLB, numLeftBelowUnits, unitHeight, (neighborFlags + totalLeftUnits - 1 - numLeftUnits) );
// ----- Step 2: fill reference samples (depending on neighborhood) -----
// ----- Step 2:填充参考像素 -----
const Pel* srcBuf = recoBuf.buf;//重建像素
const int srcStride = recoBuf.stride;
Pel* ptrDst = refBufUnfiltered;//未滤波的参考像素
const Pel* ptrSrc;
const Pel valueDC = 1 << (sps.getBitDepth( chType ) - 1);// 1<<(bitDepth-1)
if( numIntraNeighbor == 0 )//如果全部参考像素都不可用时，参考像素全部填充1<<(bitDepth-1)
{
// Fill border with DC value
for (int j = 0; j <= predSize + multiRefIdx; j++) { ptrDst[j] = valueDC; }
for (int i = 0; i <= predHSize + multiRefIdx; i++)
{
ptrDst[i + predStride] = valueDC;
}
}
else if( numIntraNeighbor == totalUnits )//参考像素全部可用
{
//!<srcBuf指向当前块左上角，需要将指针移到上面行或左边列
// Fill top-left border and top and top right with rec. samples
ptrSrc = srcBuf - (1 + multiRefIdx) * srcStride - (1 + multiRefIdx);
for (int j = 0; j <= predSize + multiRefIdx; j++) { ptrDst[j] = ptrSrc[j]; }
for (int i = 0; i <= predHSize + multiRefIdx; i++)
{
ptrDst[i + predStride] = ptrSrc[i * srcStride];
}
}
else // reference samples are partially available 参考像素部分可用
{
// Fill top-left sample(s) if available
ptrSrc = srcBuf - (1 + multiRefIdx) * srcStride - (1 + multiRefIdx);
ptrDst = refBufUnfiltered;
if (neighborFlags[totalLeftUnits])
{
ptrDst[0] = ptrSrc[0];//填充左上角像素
ptrDst[predStride] = ptrSrc[0];
for (int i = 1; i <= multiRefIdx; i++)
{
ptrDst[i] = ptrSrc[i]; //!<填充Segment D
ptrDst[i + predStride] = ptrSrc[i * srcStride];//!<填充Segment C
}
}
//!<填充Segment B
// Fill left & below-left samples if available (downwards)
ptrSrc += (1 + multiRefIdx) * srcStride;
ptrDst += (1 + multiRefIdx) + predStride;
for (int unitIdx = totalLeftUnits - 1; unitIdx > 0; unitIdx--)
{
if (neighborFlags[unitIdx])
{
for (int i = 0; i < unitHeight; i++)
{
ptrDst[i] = ptrSrc[i * srcStride];
}
}
ptrSrc += unitHeight * srcStride;
ptrDst += unitHeight;
}
// Fill last below-left sample(s)
// 填充最后的左下像素
if (neighborFlags[0])
{
int lastSample = (predHSize % unitHeight == 0) ? unitHeight : predHSize % unitHeight;
for (int i = 0; i < lastSample; i++)
{
ptrDst[i] = ptrSrc[i * srcStride];
}
}
//!<填充Segment E
// Fill above & above-right samples if available (left-to-right)
ptrSrc = srcBuf - srcStride * (1 + multiRefIdx);
ptrDst = refBufUnfiltered + 1 + multiRefIdx;
for (int unitIdx = totalLeftUnits + 1; unitIdx < totalUnits - 1; unitIdx++)
{
if (neighborFlags[unitIdx])
{
for (int j = 0; j < unitWidth; j++)
{
ptrDst[j] = ptrSrc[j];
}
}
ptrSrc += unitWidth;
ptrDst += unitWidth;
}
// Fill last above-right sample(s)
// 填充最后的右上角像素
if (neighborFlags[totalUnits - 1])
{
int lastSample = (predSize % unitWidth == 0) ? unitWidth : predSize % unitWidth;
for (int j = 0; j < lastSample; j++)
{
ptrDst[j] = ptrSrc[j];
}
}
// pad from first available down to the last below-left
// 如果左下角像素不可用，从左下角往上寻找可用的参考像素
ptrDst = refBufUnfiltered;
int lastAvailUnit = 0;
if (!neighborFlags[0])
{
int firstAvailUnit = 1;
while (firstAvailUnit < totalUnits && !neighborFlags[firstAvailUnit])
{
firstAvailUnit++;
}
// first available sample
// 第一个可用的像素的位置
int firstAvailRow = -1;
int firstAvailCol = 0;
if (firstAvailUnit < totalLeftUnits)
{
firstAvailRow = (totalLeftUnits - firstAvailUnit) * unitHeight + multiRefIdx;
}
else if (firstAvailUnit == totalLeftUnits)
{
firstAvailRow = multiRefIdx;
}
else
{
firstAvailCol = (firstAvailUnit - totalLeftUnits - 1) * unitWidth + 1 + multiRefIdx;
}
//根据位置获取到第一个可用参考像素值
const Pel firstAvailSample = ptrDst[firstAvailRow < 0 ? firstAvailCol : firstAvailRow + predStride];
// last sample below-left (n.a.)
// 左下最后一个参考像素
int lastRow = predHSize + multiRefIdx;
// fill left column
// 将第一个可用像素下的像素都用该值填充
for (int i = lastRow; i > firstAvailRow; i--)
{
ptrDst[i + predStride] = firstAvailSample;
}
// fill top row
// 填充上一行参考像素
if (firstAvailCol > 0)
{
for (int j = 0; j < firstAvailCol; j++)
{
ptrDst[j] = firstAvailSample;
}
}
lastAvailUnit = firstAvailUnit;
}
// pad all other reference samples.
// 填充剩余的参考像素
int currUnit = lastAvailUnit + 1;
while (currUnit < totalUnits)
{
if (!neighborFlags[currUnit]) // samples not available 像素不可用
{
// last available sample
// 寻找最近的可用参考像素
int lastAvailRow = -1;
int lastAvailCol = 0;
if (lastAvailUnit < totalLeftUnits)
{
lastAvailRow = (totalLeftUnits - lastAvailUnit - 1) * unitHeight + multiRefIdx + 1;
}
else if (lastAvailUnit == totalLeftUnits)
{
lastAvailCol = multiRefIdx;
}
else
{
lastAvailCol = (lastAvailUnit - totalLeftUnits) * unitWidth + multiRefIdx;
}
const Pel lastAvailSample = ptrDst[lastAvailRow < 0 ? lastAvailCol : lastAvailRow + predStride];
// fill current unit with last available sample
// 用租金的参考像素填充
if (currUnit < totalLeftUnits)
{
for (int i = lastAvailRow - 1; i >= lastAvailRow - unitHeight; i--)
{
ptrDst[i + predStride] = lastAvailSample;
}
}
else if (currUnit == totalLeftUnits)
{
for (int i = 0; i < multiRefIdx + 1; i++)
{
ptrDst[i + predStride] = lastAvailSample;
}
for (int j = 0; j < multiRefIdx + 1; j++)
{
ptrDst[j] = lastAvailSample;
}
}
else
{
int numSamplesInUnit = (currUnit == totalUnits - 1) ? ((predSize % unitWidth == 0) ? unitWidth : predSize % unitWidth) : unitWidth;
for (int j = lastAvailCol + 1; j <= lastAvailCol + numSamplesInUnit; j++)
{
ptrDst[j] = lastAvailSample;
}
}
}
lastAvailUnit = currUnit;
currUnit++;
}
}
}xFilterReferenceSamples函数主要是使用[1,2,1]滤波器对参考像素进行滤波。
// 参考像素的滤波
// 使用[1 2 1]滤波器
void IntraPrediction::xFilterReferenceSamples(const Pel *refBufUnfiltered, Pel *refBufFiltered, const CompArea &area,
const SPS &sps, int multiRefIdx
)
{
/************************ 初始化 **************************/
if (area.compID != COMPONENT_Y)//色度只用一行参考行
{
multiRefIdx = 0;
}
const int predSize = m_topRefLength + multiRefIdx;//2W + multiRefIdx
const int predHSize = m_leftRefLength + multiRefIdx;//2H + multiRefIdx
const size_t predStride = m_refBufferStride[area.compID];//2W + 1 + multiRefIdx
const Pel topLeft =
(refBufUnfiltered[0] + refBufUnfiltered[1] + refBufUnfiltered[predStride] + refBufUnfiltered[predStride + 1] + 2)
>> 2;
//左上角滤波后像素
refBufFiltered[0] = topLeft;
//上一行参考像素滤波
for (int i = 1; i < predSize; i++)
{
refBufFiltered[i] = (refBufUnfiltered[i - 1] + 2 * refBufUnfiltered[i] + refBufUnfiltered[i + 1] + 2) >> 2;
}
//最右上角像素
refBufFiltered[predSize] = refBufUnfiltered[predSize];
refBufFiltered += predStride;
refBufUnfiltered += predStride;
refBufFiltered[0] = topLeft;
for (int i = 1; i < predHSize; i++)
{
refBufFiltered[i] = (refBufUnfiltered[i - 1] + 2 * refBufUnfiltered[i] + refBufUnfiltered[i + 1] + 2) >> 2;
}
//最左下角像素
refBufFiltered[predHSize] = refBufUnfiltered[predHSize];
}