Vagrant在win7/win10系统下搭建使用

vagrant是什么?

   vagrant是一个操作虚拟机的工具.
   通过命令和配置文件来管理虚拟机,很快就能完成一套开发环境的部署,并可以打包传播,统一了开发环境,也解决了重复配置环境的麻烦.

Vargant的好处

1.统一开发环境。
   一次配置打包,统一分发给团队成员,统一团队开发环境,解决诸如“编码问题”,“缺少模块”,“配置文件不同”带来的问题;

2.避免重复搭建开发环境。
   新员工加入,不用浪费时间搭建开发环境,快速加入开发,减少时间成本的浪费;

3.多个相互隔离开发环境。
   可以在不用box里跑不同的语言,或者编译安装同一语言不同版本,搭建多个相互隔离的开发环境,卸载清除时也很快捷轻松。

win7/win10系统下使用流程
1、安装VirtualBox、vagrant两款软件

  直接到官网下载安装即可官网如下:  
https://www.virtualbox.org
https://www.vagrantup.com
  官网范围速度比较慢,而且这两位软件不同版本可能会造成兼容问题,也就是有可能导致你的vagrant用起来出现一些莫名其妙的问题,所以最好是制定两款的版本安装。
  win10版本为:
VirtualBox-5.2.12-122591-Win.exe
vagrant_2.2.7_x86_64.msi

2、下载一个box镜像文件

安装后需要下载一个box镜像文件,也就是linux的镜像(其实也可以在vagrant add安装的时候直接指定官方的镜像名称就会自动下载安装,但鉴于国内下载官方的速度太慢了,所以强烈鉴于先用迅雷之类的工具加速下载下来再本地安装)
  下载官网地址如下:
https://app.vagrantup.com/boxes/search
  如果是安装centos的话直接点击下面的链接直达:
https://app.vagrantup.com/centos/boxes/7

3、将镜像加载到vagrant容器中

  执行如下命令:
    vagrant box add -name [虚拟机名称] [box放置的位置]
  centos/7是虚拟机名称 最后的box放置位置直接写你下载后返的根目录即可,如果没指定的话,默认会自己从官网下载
  如:vagrant box add -name 'centos/7' [box放置的位置]

  下面是我自己放置的位置习惯:
 
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$ vagrant box add xuni CentOS20200119.box
4、初始化虚拟机
$ vagrant init xuni

vagrant init命令就是初始话命令
xuni 是指box的名称(也就是第三步[虚拟机名称]那个位置)

5、启动虚拟机

初始话之后,就可以开始启动虚拟机,运行如下命令:

$ vagrant up
D:\>vagrant up
Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
==> default: Importing base box 'xuni'...
==> default: Matching MAC address for NAT networking...
==> default: Setting the name of the VM: _default_1583637544209_19565
Vagrant is currently configured to create VirtualBox synced folders with
the `SharedFoldersEnableSymlinksCreate` option enabled. If the Vagrant
guest is not trusted, you may want to disable this option. For more
information on this option, please refer to the VirtualBox manual:

  https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch04.html#sharedfolders

This option can be disabled globally with an environment variable:

  VAGRANT_DISABLE_VBOXSYMLINKCREATE=1

or on a per folder basis within the Vagrantfile:

  config.vm.synced_folder '/host/path', '/guest/path', SharedFoldersEnableSymlinksCreate: false
==> default: Vagrant has detected a configuration issue which exposes a
==> default: vulnerability with the installed version of VirtualBox. The
==> default: current guest is configured to use an E1000 NIC type for a
==> default: network adapter which is vulnerable in this version of VirtualBox.
==> default: Ensure the guest is trusted to use this configuration or update
==> default: the NIC type using one of the methods below:
==> default:
==> default:   https://www.vagrantup.com/docs/virtualbox/configuration.html#default-nic-type
==> default:   https://www.vagrantup.com/docs/virtualbox/networking.html#virtualbox-nic-type
==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
    default: Adapter 1: nat
    default: Adapter 2: hostonly
==> default: You are trying to forward to privileged ports (ports <= 1024). Most
==> default: operating systems restrict this to only privileged process (typically
==> default: processes running as an administrative user). This is a warning in case
==> default: the port forwarding doesn't work. If any problems occur, please try a
==> default: port higher than 1024.
==> default: Forwarding ports...
    default: 22 (guest) => 2222 (host) (adapter 1)
==> default: Running 'pre-boot' VM customizations...
==> default: Booting VM...
==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
    default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222
    default: SSH username: vagrant
    default: SSH auth method: password
    default: Warning: Connection reset. Retrying...
    default: Warning: Connection aborted. Retrying...
==> default: Machine booted and ready!
==> default: Checking for guest additions in VM...
==> default: Configuring and enabling network interfaces...
==> default: Mounting shared folders...
    default: /vagrant => D:/

看到这段内容时说明你的虚拟机已经正常安装启动完毕了!

6、连接虚拟机 

如果是使用官方基础镜像的话一开始是连不上的,需要先用ssh命令进入修改配置后才能连接修改配置如下
1、修改sshd_config配置
进入虚拟机中,登录的账号密码均为:vagrant
进入文件夹/etc/ssh,修改配置文件sshd_config
cd /etc/ssh
vi sshd_config  

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重启sshd.service服务

systemctl restart sshd.service

本地使用Xshell连接虚拟机,运行命令如下:

ssh 127.0.0.1 2200

在弹出的窗口,输入用户名和密码就进入了虚拟机。ssh表示连接的命令,127.0.0.1 2200可以从vagrant up的时候的输出命令中找到。

7、使用xshell工具连接虚拟机

也可以直接用官网的ssh命令直接连接,不过在win用ssh命令连接后还是在cmd窗口,以后开发不太方便,最好是用xshell工具连接。

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账号密码默认直接都是:vagrant 即可,(个人改成账号 root登录,密码还是vagrant)

到此就结束了,之后等镜像调整细节完毕后直接打包成自己的镜像,以后在其他电脑用或者本电脑虚拟机出问题的话,可以直接一键安装(相当于还原)
具体打包自己box的方法我博客中也有教程介绍 http://tiance.club/post/299409888.html

作者:xingguang
链接:原文链接:https://www.tiance.club/post/2370098709.html

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转载自www.cnblogs.com/yizhidaozuihou/p/12446068.html