JUC学习之生产者消费者案例(Condition方式)

一、简介

上一篇我们介绍了使用传统的synchronized结合wait()/notifyAll()线程通信机制实现了生产者消费者案例,并且介绍了多线程交互中常见的虚假唤醒现象。我们都知道,Lock同步锁其实可以代替synchronized完成同步功能,并且使用起来还没有那么复杂,本文将介绍如何使用Lock实现生产者消费者案例。

下表是synchronized和Lock实现线程通信方法的区别:

synchronized

Lock

wait()

await()

notifyAll()

signalAll()

Lock结合Condition可以替代synchronized实现同步功能,JDK官网介绍如下:

并且官网也给了Condition的使用示例:

class BoundedBuffer {
   final Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
   final Condition notFull  = lock.newCondition(); 
   final Condition notEmpty = lock.newCondition(); 

   final Object[] items = new Object[100];
   int putptr, takeptr, count;

   public void put(Object x) throws InterruptedException {
     lock.lock();
     try {
       while (count == items.length)
         notFull.await();
       items[putptr] = x;
       if (++putptr == items.length) putptr = 0;
       ++count;
       notEmpty.signal();
     } finally {
       lock.unlock();
     }
   }

   public Object take() throws InterruptedException {
     lock.lock();
     try {
       while (count == 0)
         notEmpty.await();
       Object x = items[takeptr];
       if (++takeptr == items.length) takeptr = 0;
       --count;
       notFull.signal();
       return x;
     } finally {
       lock.unlock();
     }
   }
 }

Condition可以更精确地控制到各个线程的执行,相当于各个线程的某个条件。

二、案例

public class T06_ProducerAndConsumer02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AirCondition2 airCondition = new AirCondition2();
        new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(200);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                airCondition.incr();
            }
        }, "A").start();
        new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(300);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                airCondition.decr();
            }
        }, "B").start();
        new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(400);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                airCondition.incr();
            }
        }, "C").start();
        new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(500);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                airCondition.decr();
            }
        }, "D").start();
    }
}

class AirCondition2 {
    private int number = 0;
    //可重入锁
    private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    //创建Condition条件
    private Condition condition = lock.newCondition();

    public void incr() {
        lock.lock();
        try {
            while (number != 0) {
                condition.await();
            }
            number++;
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "->number:" + number);
            condition.signalAll();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public void decr() {
        lock.lock();
        try {
            while (number == 0) {
                try {
                    condition.await();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            number--;
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "->number:" + number);
            condition.signalAll();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
}

运行结果:

A->number:1
B->number:0
C->number:1
D->number:0
A->number:1
B->number:0
A->number:1
B->number:0
C->number:1
D->number:0
A->number:1
B->number:0
A->number:1
D->number:0
C->number:1
B->number:0
A->number:1
B->number:0
A->number:1
D->number:0
C->number:1
B->number:0
A->number:1
B->number:0
A->number:1
D->number:0
C->number:1
B->number:0
A->number:1
D->number:0
C->number:1
B->number:0
C->number:1
D->number:0
C->number:1
D->number:0
C->number:1
D->number:0
C->number:1
D->number:0

通过运行结果可知,使用Condition同样可以进行线程之间的通信,并且Condition方式比synchronized方式要灵活得多,使用起来也比较简单。

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