21轮廓-查找并绘制轮廓

21查找并绘制轮廓

1在二值图像中寻找轮廓:

void cv::findContours    (    InputOutputArray     image,
                        OutputArrayOfArrays     contours,
                        OutputArray     hierarchy,
                        int     mode,
                        int     method,
                        Point     offset = Point() 
                      )
  • image: 输入图像,需为8位单通道图像,图像非0像素视为1。 可以用compare(), imrange(), threshold(), adaptivethreshold(), canny()等函数创建,注意:此函数会在提取图像轮廓的同时修改图像内容。
  • If mode equals to RETR_CCOMP or RETR_FLOODFILL, the input can also be a 32-bit integer image of labels (CV_32SC1).
  • contours: 检测到的轮廓,每个轮廓存储为一个点向量,即用point类型的vector。

  • hierarchy[i][0] , 后一个轮廓,
    hierarchy[i][1] , 前一个轮廓,
    hierarchy[i][2] , 父轮廓,
    hierarchy[i][3], 内嵌轮廓的索引编号。
    如果没有对应项,hierarchy[i]中的对应项设为负数。

  • mode: 检索模式,可选模式包括
    RETR_EXTERNAL: 只监测最外层轮扩。hierarchy[i][2] = hierarchy[i][3] = -1
    RETR_LIST: 提取所有轮廓,并放置在list中。检测的轮廓不建立等级关系。
    RETR_CCOMP: 提取所有轮廓,并将其组织为双层结构,顶层为联通域的外围边界,次层为空的内层边界。
    RETR_TREE: 提取所有轮廓,并重新建立网状的轮廓结构。

  • method: 轮廓的近似办法,包括
    CHAIN_APPROX_NONE: 获取每个轮廓的每个像素,相邻两点像素位置差不超过1,max(abs(x1-x2),abs(y1-y2)) == 1
    CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE: 压缩水平方向,垂直方向,对角线方向的元素,只保留该方向的终点坐标
    CHAIN_APPROX_TC89_LI /CHAIN_APPROX_TC89_KCOS: 使用Teh-Chinl链逼近算法中的一个
    [135] C-H Teh and Roland T. Chin. On the detection of dominant points on digital curves. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, IEEE Transactions on, 11(8):859–872, 1989.

  • offSet: 每个轮廓点的可选偏移量,默认Point(), 当ROI图像中找出的轮廓需要在整个图中进行分析时,可利用这个参数。
    绘制轮廓

2绘制轮廓

void cv::drawContours    (    InputOutputArray     image,
                        InputArrayOfArrays     contours,
                        int     contourIdx,
                        const Scalar &     color,
                        int     thickness = 1,
                        int     lineType = LINE_8,
                        InputArray     hierarchy = noArray(),
                        int     maxLevel = INT_MAX,
                        Point     offset = Point() 
                      )
  • image: 目标图像
  • contours: 输入轮廓,每个轮廓存储为一个点向量
  • contourIdx: 需要绘制的轮廓的编号,如果为负,绘制所有轮廓
  • color: 轮廓颜色
  • thickness: 轮廓线条粗细度,如果为负值(如thickness==cv_filled),绘制在轮廓内部
  • lineType: 线条类型
    8: 8连通线型
    LINE_AA (OpenCV2: CV_AA): 抗锯齿线型
  • hierarchy: 可选层次结构
  • maxLevel: 绘制轮廓的最大等级
  • offset: 可选轮廓偏移参数

3程序1:

#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
#include <vector>

// main
int main( int argc, char** argv )
{
    // loading image
    cv::Mat srcImage = cv::imread("1.jpg", 0);
    imshow("original image", srcImage);

    // initialize result image
    cv::Mat dstImage = cv::Mat::zeros(srcImage.rows, srcImage.cols, CV_8UC3);

    // thresholding image
    srcImage = srcImage > 119;
    imshow("thresholding image", srcImage);

    // finding contours
    std::vector<std::vector<cv::Point> > contours;
    std::vector<cv::Vec4i> hierarchy;
    // for opencv 2
    // cv::findContours(srcImage, contours, hierarchy, CV_RETR_CCOMP, CV_CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE);
    // for opencv 3
    cv::findContours(srcImage, contours, hierarchy, cv::RETR_CCOMP, cv::CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE);

    // iterate through all levels, and draw contours in random color
    int index = 0;
    for (; index>=0; index = hierarchy[index][0]) {
        cv::Scalar color(rand()&255, rand()&255, rand()&255);
        // for opencv 2
        // cv::drawContours(dstImage, contours, index, color,  CV_FILLED, 8, hierarchy);
        // for opencv 3
        cv::drawContours(dstImage, contours, index, color,  cv::FILLED, 8, hierarchy);

        imshow("contours", dstImage);
        cv::waitKey(150);
    }
    cv::imwrite("result.jpg", dstImage);
    return 0;
}

test:
这里写图片描述
result:
这里写图片描述


4程序2:

#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

#define WINDOW_NAME1 "original image"
#define WINDOW_NAME2 "contours"

// global variables
cv::Mat g_srcImage;
cv::Mat g_grayImage;
cv::Mat g_cannyMat_output;
int g_nThresh = 80;
int g_nThresh_max = 255;
cv::RNG g_rng(12345);
std::vector<std::vector<cv::Point> > g_vContours;
std::vector<cv::Vec4i> g_vHierarchy;

// functions
void on_ThreshChange(int, void*);

// main
int main( int argc, char** argv )
{
    // change the text color of console
    system("color 1F");

    // loading image
    g_srcImage = cv::imread("1.jpg", 1);
    if (!g_srcImage.data){
        std::cerr << "ERROR while loading image." << std::endl;
        return false;
    }

    // convert to gray-scale and blur
    cv::cvtColor(g_srcImage, g_grayImage, cv::COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
    cv::blur(g_grayImage, g_grayImage, cv::Size(3,3));

    // create window
    cv::namedWindow(WINDOW_NAME1, cv::WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
    imshow(WINDOW_NAME1, g_srcImage);

    // create tracker bar
    cv::createTrackbar("Canny Threshold", WINDOW_NAME1, &g_nThresh, g_nThresh_max, on_ThreshChange);
    on_ThreshChange(0, 0);

    cv::waitKey(0);
    return 0;
}

void on_ThreshChange(int, void*)
{
    cv::Canny(g_grayImage, g_cannyMat_output, g_nThresh, g_nThresh*2, 3);

    cv::findContours(g_cannyMat_output, g_vContours, g_vHierarchy, cv::RETR_TREE, cv::CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE);

    cv::Mat drawing = cv::Mat::zeros(g_cannyMat_output.size(), CV_8UC3);
    for (int i = 0; i<g_vContours.size(); i++) {
        cv::Scalar color(g_rng.uniform(0, 255), g_rng.uniform(0, 255), g_rng.uniform(0, 255));
        cv::drawContours(drawing, g_vContours, i, color,  2, 8, g_vHierarchy);
    }
    imshow(WINDOW_NAME2, drawing);
}

test1:
这里写图片描述
result1:
这里写图片描述

test2:
这里写图片描述
result2:
这里写图片描述

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转载自blog.csdn.net/z827997640/article/details/79842211