CentOS6.x机器安装Python2.7.x

1   mv /usr/bin/python    /usr/bin/python.bak 

2   vim    `which yum`        修改解释器  修改成什么mv之后的python名字，这里是mv成/usr/bin/python.bak  参考以下截图

注意   pip

3  

转：    https://www.cnblogs.com/stonehe/p/7944366.html

准备环境：CentOS6.8机器

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1.查看机器默认的Python版本

[root@hlmcent69nma ~]# python -V
Python 2.6.6
[root@hlmcent69nma ~]# whereis python python: /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python2.6 /usr/lib/python2.6 /usr/lib64/python2.6 /usr/local/bin/python /usr/include/python2.6 /usr/share/man/man1/python.1.gz

2.安装gcc

[root@hlmcent69nma ~]# yum install gcc -y

3.下载最新的Python2.7.x安装包，解压并进入指定目录

[root@hlmcent69nma ~]# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.14/Python-2.7.14.tgz
[root@hlmcent69nma ~]# ll Python-2.7.14.tgz -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 17176758 Sep 17 02:05 Python-2.7.14.tgz [root@hlmcent69nma ~]# tar zxvf Python-2.7.14.tgz [root@hlmcent69nma ~]# cd Python-2.7.14 [root@hlmcent69nma Python-2.7.14]# ll total 1000 -rw-r--r--. 1 1000 1000 10914 Sep 17 01:38 aclocal.m4 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 1000 1000 44259 Sep 17 01:38 config.guess -rwxr-xr-x. 1 1000 1000 36515 Sep 17 01:38 config.sub -rwxr-xr-x. 1 1000 1000 442959 Sep 17 01:38 configure -rw-r--r--. 1 1000 1000 141572 Sep 17 01:38 configure.ac drwxr-xr-x. 22 1000 1000 4096 Sep 17 01:38 Demo drwxr-xr-x. 18 1000 1000 4096 Sep 17 01:55 Doc drwxr-xr-x. 2 1000 1000 4096 Sep 17 01:38 Grammar drwxr-xr-x. 2 1000 1000 4096 Sep 17 01:38 Include -rwxr-xr-x. 1 1000 1000 7122 Sep 17 01:38 install-sh drwxr-xr-x. 47 1000 1000 12288 Sep 17 01:38 Lib -rw-r--r--. 1 1000 1000 12757 Sep 17 01:38 LICENSE drwxr-xr-x. 11 1000 1000 4096 Sep 17 01:38 Mac -rw-r--r--. 1 1000 1000 48553 Sep 17 01:38 Makefile.pre.in drwxr-xr-x. 5 1000 1000 4096 Sep 17 01:38 Misc drwxr-xr-x. 9 1000 1000 4096 Sep 17 01:38 Modules drwxr-xr-x. 3 1000 1000 4096 Sep 17 01:38 Objects drwxr-xr-x. 2 1000 1000 4096 Sep 17 01:38 Parser drwxr-xr-x. 9 1000 1000 4096 Sep 17 01:38 PC drwxr-xr-x. 2 1000 1000 4096 Sep 17 01:38 PCbuild -rw-r--r--. 1 1000 1000 35170 Sep 17 01:38 pyconfig.h.in drwxr-xr-x. 2 1000 1000 4096 Sep 17 01:38 Python -rw-r--r--. 1 1000 1000 55670 Sep 17 01:38 README drwxr-xr-x. 5 1000 1000 4096 Sep 17 01:38 RISCOS -rw-r--r--. 1 1000 1000 99231 Sep 17 01:38 setup.py drwxr-xr-x. 23 1000 1000 4096 Sep 17 01:38 Tools

4.配置，编译，编译安装

[root@hlmcent69nma Python-2.7.14]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python/python2.7
[root@hlmcent69nma Python-2.7.14]# make [root@hlmcent69nma Python-2.7.14]# make install

备注：
执行 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python/python3 命令。./configure命令执行完毕之后创建一个文件creating Makefile，供下面的make命令使用 执行make install之后就会把程序安装到我们指定的目录中去。Configure是一个可执行脚本，它有很多选项，在待安装的源码路径下使用命令./configure –help输出详细的选项列表。其中--prefix选项是配置安装的路径，如果不配置该选项，安装后可执行文件默认放在/usr /local/bin，库文件默认放在/usr/local/lib，配置文件默认放在/usr/local/etc，其它的资源文件放在/usr /local/share，比较凌乱。如果配置--prefix，如：./configure --prefix=/usr/local/test可以把所有资源文件放在/usr/local/test的路径中，不会杂乱。用了—prefix选项的另一个好处是卸载软件或移植软件。当某个安装的软件不再需要时，只须简单的删除该安装目录，就可以把软件卸载得干干净净；移植软件只需拷贝整个目录到另外一个机器即可（相同的操作系统）。当然要卸载程序，也可以在原来的make目录下用一次make uninstall，但前提是make文件指定过uninstall。

5.查看系统的Python版本，还是2.6.x

[root@hlmcent69nma ~]# python -V
Python 2.6.6

6.查看新安装的Python版本，当前系统的Python版本，并将系统指向的Python从2.6.x修改为2.7.x，再次查看当前系统的Python版本，已经变更为2.7.x

[root@hlmcent69nma ~]# /usr/local/python/python2.7/bin/python2.7 -V
Python 2.7.14 [root@hlmcent69nma ~]# /usr/bin/python -V Python 2.6.6 [root@hlmcent69nma ~]# mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python.bak [root@hlmcent69nma ~]# ln -s /usr/local/python/python2.7/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python [root@hlmcent69nma ~]# python -V Python 2.7.14

7.但是发现yum命令无法使用了，由于yum是基于python2.6才能正常工作，需单独将yum指向python2.6版本

[root@hlmcent69nma ~]# yum list
There was a problem importing one of the Python modules
required to run yum. The error leading to this problem was:
No module named yum Please install a package which provides this module, or verify that the module is installed correctly. It's possible that the above module doesn't match the current version of Python, which is: 2.7.14 (default, Nov 30 2017, 11:54:55) [GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-18)] If you cannot solve this problem yourself, please go to the yum faq at: http://yum.baseurl.org/wiki/Faq

[root@hlmcent69nma ~]# vim /usr/bin/yum

参考链接：

https://www.cnblogs.com/perallina/p/5253329.html

https://www.cnblogs.com/lclq/archive/2016/06/27/5620196.html

1   mv /usr/bin/python    /usr/bin/python.bak 

2   vim    `which yum`        修改解释器  修改成什么mv之后的python名字，这里是mv成/usr/bin/python.bak  参考以下截图

注意   pip

3  

转：    https://www.cnblogs.com/stonehe/p/7944366.html

准备环境：CentOS6.8机器

1.查看机器默认的Python版本

[root@hlmcent69nma ~]# python -V
Python 2.6.6
[root@hlmcent69nma ~]# whereis python python: /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python2.6 /usr/lib/python2.6 /usr/lib64/python2.6 /usr/local/bin/python /usr/include/python2.6 /usr/share/man/man1/python.1.gz

2.安装gcc

[root@hlmcent69nma ~]# yum install gcc -y

3.下载最新的Python2.7.x安装包，解压并进入指定目录

[root@hlmcent69nma ~]# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.14/Python-2.7.14.tgz
[root@hlmcent69nma ~]# ll Python-2.7.14.tgz -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 17176758 Sep 17 02:05 Python-2.7.14.tgz [root@hlmcent69nma ~]# tar zxvf Python-2.7.14.tgz [root@hlmcent69nma ~]# cd Python-2.7.14 [root@hlmcent69nma Python-2.7.14]# ll total 1000 -rw-r--r--. 1 1000 1000 10914 Sep 17 01:38 aclocal.m4 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 1000 1000 44259 Sep 17 01:38 config.guess -rwxr-xr-x. 1 1000 1000 36515 Sep 17 01:38 config.sub -rwxr-xr-x. 1 1000 1000 442959 Sep 17 01:38 configure -rw-r--r--. 1 1000 1000 141572 Sep 17 01:38 configure.ac drwxr-xr-x. 22 1000 1000 4096 Sep 17 01:38 Demo drwxr-xr-x. 18 1000 1000 4096 Sep 17 01:55 Doc drwxr-xr-x. 2 1000 1000 4096 Sep 17 01:38 Grammar drwxr-xr-x. 2 1000 1000 4096 Sep 17 01:38 Include -rwxr-xr-x. 1 1000 1000 7122 Sep 17 01:38 install-sh drwxr-xr-x. 47 1000 1000 12288 Sep 17 01:38 Lib -rw-r--r--. 1 1000 1000 12757 Sep 17 01:38 LICENSE drwxr-xr-x. 11 1000 1000 4096 Sep 17 01:38 Mac -rw-r--r--. 1 1000 1000 48553 Sep 17 01:38 Makefile.pre.in drwxr-xr-x. 5 1000 1000 4096 Sep 17 01:38 Misc drwxr-xr-x. 9 1000 1000 4096 Sep 17 01:38 Modules drwxr-xr-x. 3 1000 1000 4096 Sep 17 01:38 Objects drwxr-xr-x. 2 1000 1000 4096 Sep 17 01:38 Parser drwxr-xr-x. 9 1000 1000 4096 Sep 17 01:38 PC drwxr-xr-x. 2 1000 1000 4096 Sep 17 01:38 PCbuild -rw-r--r--. 1 1000 1000 35170 Sep 17 01:38 pyconfig.h.in drwxr-xr-x. 2 1000 1000 4096 Sep 17 01:38 Python -rw-r--r--. 1 1000 1000 55670 Sep 17 01:38 README drwxr-xr-x. 5 1000 1000 4096 Sep 17 01:38 RISCOS -rw-r--r--. 1 1000 1000 99231 Sep 17 01:38 setup.py drwxr-xr-x. 23 1000 1000 4096 Sep 17 01:38 Tools

4.配置，编译，编译安装

[root@hlmcent69nma Python-2.7.14]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python/python2.7
[root@hlmcent69nma Python-2.7.14]# make [root@hlmcent69nma Python-2.7.14]# make install

备注：
执行 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python/python3 命令。./configure命令执行完毕之后创建一个文件creating Makefile，供下面的make命令使用 执行make install之后就会把程序安装到我们指定的目录中去。Configure是一个可执行脚本，它有很多选项，在待安装的源码路径下使用命令./configure –help输出详细的选项列表。其中--prefix选项是配置安装的路径，如果不配置该选项，安装后可执行文件默认放在/usr /local/bin，库文件默认放在/usr/local/lib，配置文件默认放在/usr/local/etc，其它的资源文件放在/usr /local/share，比较凌乱。如果配置--prefix，如：./configure --prefix=/usr/local/test可以把所有资源文件放在/usr/local/test的路径中，不会杂乱。用了—prefix选项的另一个好处是卸载软件或移植软件。当某个安装的软件不再需要时，只须简单的删除该安装目录，就可以把软件卸载得干干净净；移植软件只需拷贝整个目录到另外一个机器即可（相同的操作系统）。当然要卸载程序，也可以在原来的make目录下用一次make uninstall，但前提是make文件指定过uninstall。

5.查看系统的Python版本，还是2.6.x

[root@hlmcent69nma ~]# python -V
Python 2.6.6

6.查看新安装的Python版本，当前系统的Python版本，并将系统指向的Python从2.6.x修改为2.7.x，再次查看当前系统的Python版本，已经变更为2.7.x

[root@hlmcent69nma ~]# /usr/local/python/python2.7/bin/python2.7 -V
Python 2.7.14 [root@hlmcent69nma ~]# /usr/bin/python -V Python 2.6.6 [root@hlmcent69nma ~]# mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python.bak [root@hlmcent69nma ~]# ln -s /usr/local/python/python2.7/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python [root@hlmcent69nma ~]# python -V Python 2.7.14

7.但是发现yum命令无法使用了，由于yum是基于python2.6才能正常工作，需单独将yum指向python2.6版本

[root@hlmcent69nma ~]# yum list
There was a problem importing one of the Python modules
required to run yum. The error leading to this problem was:
No module named yum Please install a package which provides this module, or verify that the module is installed correctly. It's possible that the above module doesn't match the current version of Python, which is: 2.7.14 (default, Nov 30 2017, 11:54:55) [GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-18)] If you cannot solve this problem yourself, please go to the yum faq at: http://yum.baseurl.org/wiki/Faq

[root@hlmcent69nma ~]# vim /usr/bin/yum

参考链接：

https://www.cnblogs.com/perallina/p/5253329.html

https://www.cnblogs.com/lclq/archive/2016/06/27/5620196.html