Description

Every year in Wisconsin the cows celebrate the USA autumn holiday of Halloween by dressing up in costumes and collecting candy that Farmer John leaves in the N (1 <= N <= 100,000) stalls conveniently numbered 1..N.

Because the barn is not so large, FJ makes sure the cows extend their fun by specifying a traversal route the cows must follow. To implement this scheme for traveling back and forth through the barn, FJ has posted a 'next stall number' next_i (1 <= next_i <= N) on stall i that tells the cows which stall to visit next; the cows thus might travel the length of the barn many times in order to collect their candy.

FJ mandates that cow i should start collecting candy at stall i. A cow stops her candy collection if she arrives back at any stall she has already visited.

Calculate the number of unique stalls each cow visits before being forced to stop her candy collection.

POINTS: 100

每年万圣节，威斯康星的奶牛们都要打扮一番，出门在农场的N个牛棚里转悠，来采集糖果.她们每走到一个未曾经过的牛棚，就会采集这个棚里的1颗糖果.

农场不大，所以约翰要想尽法子让奶牛们得到快乐.他给每一个牛棚设置了一个“后继牛棚”.牛棚i的后继牛棚是next_i 他告诉奶牛们，她们到了一个牛棚之后，只要再往后继牛棚走去，就可以搜集到很多糖果.事实上这是一种有点欺骗意味的手段，来节约他的糖果.

第i只奶牛从牛棚i开始她的旅程．请你计算，每一只奶牛可以采集到多少糖果．

Input

Line 1: A single integer: N

Lines 2..N+1: Line i+1 contains a single integer: next_i

Output

Lines 1..N: Line i contains a single integer that is the total number of unique stalls visited by cow i before she returns to a stall she has previously visited.

Sample Input#1

Sample Output#1：

Four stalls.

Stall 1 directs the cow back to stall 1.
Stall 2 directs the cow to stall 3
Stall 3 directs the cow to stall 2
Stall 4 directs the cow to stall 3

Cow 1: Start at 1, next is 1. Total stalls visited: 1.

Cow 2: Start at 2, next is 3, next is 2. Total stalls visited: 2. Cow 3: Start at 3, next is 2, next is 3. Total stalls visited: 2. Cow 4: Start at 4, next is 3, next is 2, next is 3. Total stalls visited: 3

Solution

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#define MAXN 100005

int _next[MAXN];
int vis[MAXN];
int f[MAXN];
int N;
int C[MAXN];

struct stack{
    int u;
    bool mark;
}st[MAXN];

inline void dfs(int u){
    
    vis[u] = 0;
    bool cur = false;
    int top = 1;
    st[top].u = u;

    while(top>0){
        if((!cur)&&vis[st[top].u]>0){
            f[st[top].u] = top - vis[st[top].u];
            vis[st[top].u] = 0;
            top--;
            st[top].mark = false;
            cur = true;
            C[st[top].u] = 1;
            continue;
        }
        if(cur){
            vis[st[top].u] = 0;
            if(f[st[top].u]>0){
                st[--top].mark = true;
                continue;
            }
            else if(st[top].mark==false){
                f[st[top].u] = f[_next[st[top].u]];
                st[--top].mark = false;
                C[st[top].u] = 1;
                continue;
            }
            else {
                f[st[top].u] = f[_next[st[top].u]]+1;
                st[--top].mark = true;
                C[st[top].u] = 2;
                continue;
            }
        }
        vis[st[top].u] = vis[st[top-1].u]+1;
        st[++top].u = _next[st[top-1].u];
        if(C[st[top].u]>0){
            cur = true;
            st[--top].mark = true;
            f[st[top].u] = f[_next[st[top].u]]+1;
        }
    }
}

int main(){

    scanf("%d",&N);
    for(register int i=1;i<=N;++i){
        scanf("%d",&_next[i]);
    }

    std::memset(vis,0,sizeof(vis));
    std::memset(f,0,sizeof(f));
    std::memset(C,0,sizeof(C));

    for(register int i=1;i<=N;++i){
        if(f[i]==0)dfs(i);
        printf("%d\n",f[i]);
    }
    return 0;
}

洛谷P2921 [USACO08DEC]在农场万圣节