Scala学习笔记-06-数据结构-Map

• 一系列键值对的容器
• 键是唯一的，但值不必是唯一的
• 可以根据键进行快速检索
• 类别：scala.collection.mutable.Map 和 scala.collection.immutable.Map，默认是使用不可变Map

scala.collection.immutable.Map：

//定义Map
scala> val mapDogs = Map("huahua"->"雪纳瑞","erdan"->"秋田犬","happy"->"泰迪")
mapDogs: scala.collection.immutable.Map[String,String] = Map(huahua -> 雪纳瑞, erdan -> 秋田犬, happy -> 泰迪)

scala> mapDogs
res91: scala.collection.immutable.Map[String,String] = Map(huahua -> 雪纳瑞, erdan -> 秋田犬, happy -> 泰迪)

// 按照key获取map的值
scala> mapDogs("huahua")
res92: String = 雪纳瑞

// 根据key取值前先判断key是否存在Map中，否则给默认值
scala> val dogType = if(mapDogs.contains("huahua")) mapDogs("huahua") else "no dog name in map keys"
dogType: String = 雪纳瑞

scala> val dogType = if(mapDogs.contains("huahua123")) mapDogs("huahua") else "no dog name in map keys"
dogType: String = no dog name in map keys

// immutable Map 的值不能修改
scala> mapDogs("huahua") = "雪纳瑞串串"
<console>:46: error: value update is not a member of scala.collection.immutable.Map[String,String]
       mapDogs("huahua") = "雪纳瑞串串"
       ^

scala.collection.mutable.Map：

scala> import scala.collection.mutable.Map
import scala.collection.mutable.Map

scala> val mapDogs = Map("huahua"->"雪纳瑞","erdan"->"秋田犬","happy"->"泰迪")
mapDogs: scala.collection.mutable.Map[String,String] = Map(huahua -> 雪纳瑞, erdan -> 秋田犬, happy -> 泰迪)
// 修改元素的值
scala> mapDogs("huahua") = "雪纳瑞串串"

scala> mapDogs
res96: scala.collection.mutable.Map[String,String] = Map(huahua -> 雪纳瑞串串, erdan -> 秋田犬, happy -> 泰迪)

// 添加新元素
scala> mapDogs("tony") = "哈士奇"

mapDogs += ("keven"->"金毛")

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