[NoSQL]-mongodb-分片

其他 2020-02-09 12:50:50 阅读次数: 0

第1章 分片的概念

1.有了副本集，为什么还需要分片？
副本集资源利用率不高
分片可以提高资源利用率

2.分片的缺点
理想情况下需要机器比较多
配置和运维变得复杂且困难
提前规划好特别重要，一旦建立后在想改变架构变得很困难

第2章 分片工作流程

1.路由服务mongos 
路由服务，提供代理，替用户去向后请求shard分片的数据

2.数据节点shard
负责处理数据的节点，每个shard都是分片集群的一部分

3.分片配置信息服务器config 
保存数据分配在哪个shard上
保存所有shard的配置信
提供给mongos查询服务

4.片键
数据存放到哪个shard的区分规则
片键就是索引
选择片键的依据：
能够被经常访问到的字段
索引字段基数够大

第3章 分片的分类

1.区间片键

id  name   host  sex 

1   zhang  SH    boy
2   ya     BJ    boy 
3   yaya   SZ    girl

如果以id作为片键：

id
1-100   shard1
100-200 shard2
200-300 shard3 
300-+无穷 shard4

如果以host作为片键：

SH  shard1
BJ  shard2 
SZ  shard3

2.hash片键:

特点：足够平均，足够随机

id  name   host  sex 
1     zhang  SH    boy
2   ya     BJ    boy 
3   yaya   SZ    girl

如果以id作为片键：

索引：id

1      hash 之后 shard2 
2    hash 之后 shard3 
3    hash 之后 shard1

第4章 IP端口目录规划

1.IP端口规划

db01    10.0.0.51   
            Shard1_Master   28100
            Shard2_Slave    28200
            Shard3_Arbiter  28300
            Config Server   40000
            mongos Server   60000
        
db02    10.0.0.52   
            Shard2_Master   28100
            Shard3_Slave    28200
            Shard1_Arbiter  28300
            Config Server   40000
            mongos Server   60000
        
db03    10.0.0.53   
            Shard3_Master   28100
            Shard1_Slave    28200
            Shard2_Arbiter  28300
            Config Server   40000
            mongos Server   60000

2.目录规划

服务目录：

/opt/master/{conf,log,pid}
/opt/slave//{conf,log,pid}
/opt/arbiter/{conf,log,pid}
/data/config/{conf,log,pid}
/data/mongos/{conf,log,pid}

数据目录：

/data/master/
/data/slave/
/data/arbiter/
/data/config/

第5章 分片集群搭建副本集步骤

0.整体步骤

1.先搭建副本集
2.搭建config副本集
3.搭建mongos副本集
4.数据库启用分片功能
5.集合设置片键
6.插入测试数据
7.检查是否分片
8.安装图形化工具

1.安装软件

注意：三台服务器都操作！！！

tar xf mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.6.13.tgz -C /opt/
ln -s /opt/mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.6.13 /opt/mongodb
echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/opt/mongodb/bin' >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile

2.创建目录

注意：三台服务器都操作！！！

mkdir -p /opt/master/{conf,log,pid}
mkdir -p /opt/slave/{conf,log,pid}
mkdir -p /opt/arbiter/{conf,log,pid}

mkdir -p /data/master/
mkdir -p /data/slave/
mkdir -p /data/arbiter/

3.db01创建配置文件

master节点配置文件

cat >/opt/master/conf/mongod.conf<<EOF   
systemLog:
  destination: file 
  logAppend: true 
  path: /opt/master/log/mongodb.log

storage:
  journal:
    enabled: true
  dbPath: /data/master/
  directoryPerDB: true

  wiredTiger:
    engineConfig:
      cacheSizeGB: 1
      directoryForIndexes: true
    collectionConfig:
      blockCompressor: zlib
    indexConfig:
      prefixCompression: true

processManagement:
  fork: true
  pidFilePath: /opt/master/pid/mongodb.pid
  timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo

net:
  port: 28100
  bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')

replication:
  oplogSizeMB: 1024 
  replSetName: shard1

sharding:
  clusterRole: shardsvr
EOF

slave节点配置文件

cat >/opt/slave/conf/mongod.conf<<EOF   
systemLog:
  destination: file 
  logAppend: true 
  path: /opt/slave/log/mongodb.log

storage:
  journal:
    enabled: true
  dbPath: /data/slave/
  directoryPerDB: true

  wiredTiger:
    engineConfig:
      cacheSizeGB: 1
      directoryForIndexes: true
    collectionConfig:
      blockCompressor: zlib
    indexConfig:
      prefixCompression: true

processManagement:
  fork: true
  pidFilePath: /opt/slave/pid/mongodb.pid
  timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo

net:
  port: 28200
  bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')

replication:
  oplogSizeMB: 1024 
  replSetName: shard2

sharding:
  clusterRole: shardsvr
EOF

aribiter节点配置文件

cat >/opt/arbiter/conf/mongod.conf<<EOF   
systemLog:
  destination: file 
  logAppend: true 
  path: /opt/arbiter/log/mongodb.log

storage:
  journal:
    enabled: true
  dbPath: /data/arbiter/
  directoryPerDB: true

  wiredTiger:
    engineConfig:
      cacheSizeGB: 1
      directoryForIndexes: true
    collectionConfig:
      blockCompressor: zlib
    indexConfig:
      prefixCompression: true

processManagement:
  fork: true
  pidFilePath: /opt/arbiter/pid/mongodb.pid
  timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo

net:
  port: 28300
  bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')

replication:
  oplogSizeMB: 1024 
  replSetName: shard3

sharding:
  clusterRole: shardsvr
EOF

4.db02创建配置文件

master节点配置文件

cat >/opt/master/conf/mongod.conf<<EOF   
systemLog:
  destination: file 
  logAppend: true 
  path: /opt/master/log/mongodb.log

storage:
  journal:
    enabled: true
  dbPath: /data/master/
  directoryPerDB: true

  wiredTiger:
    engineConfig:
      cacheSizeGB: 1
      directoryForIndexes: true
    collectionConfig:
      blockCompressor: zlib
    indexConfig:
      prefixCompression: true

processManagement:
  fork: true
  pidFilePath: /opt/master/pid/mongodb.pid
  timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo

net:
  port: 28100
  bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')

replication:
  oplogSizeMB: 1024 
  replSetName: shard2

sharding:
  clusterRole: shardsvr
EOF

slave节点配置文件

cat >/opt/slave/conf/mongod.conf<<EOF   
systemLog:
  destination: file 
  logAppend: true 
  path: /opt/slave/log/mongodb.log

storage:
  journal:
    enabled: true
  dbPath: /data/slave/
  directoryPerDB: true

  wiredTiger:
    engineConfig:
      cacheSizeGB: 1
      directoryForIndexes: true
    collectionConfig:
      blockCompressor: zlib
    indexConfig:
      prefixCompression: true

processManagement:
  fork: true
  pidFilePath: /opt/slave/pid/mongodb.pid
  timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo

net:
  port: 28200
  bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')

replication:
  oplogSizeMB: 1024 
  replSetName: shard3

sharding:
  clusterRole: shardsvr
EOF

aribiter节点配置文件

cat >/opt/arbiter/conf/mongod.conf<<EOF   
systemLog:
  destination: file 
  logAppend: true 
  path: /opt/arbiter/log/mongodb.log

storage:
  journal:
    enabled: true
  dbPath: /data/arbiter/
  directoryPerDB: true

  wiredTiger:
    engineConfig:
      cacheSizeGB: 1
      directoryForIndexes: true
    collectionConfig:
      blockCompressor: zlib
    indexConfig:
      prefixCompression: true

processManagement:
  fork: true
  pidFilePath: /opt/arbiter/pid/mongodb.pid
  timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo

net:
  port: 28300
  bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')

replication:
  oplogSizeMB: 1024 
  replSetName: shard1

sharding:
  clusterRole: shardsvr
EOF

5.db03创建配置文件

master节点配置文件

cat >/opt/master/conf/mongod.conf<<EOF   
systemLog:
  destination: file 
  logAppend: true 
  path: /opt/master/log/mongod.log

storage:
  journal:
    enabled: true
  dbPath: /data/master/
  directoryPerDB: true

  wiredTiger:
    engineConfig:
      cacheSizeGB: 1
      directoryForIndexes: true
    collectionConfig:
      blockCompressor: zlib
    indexConfig:
      prefixCompression: true

processManagement:
  fork: true
  pidFilePath: /opt/master/pid/mongodb.pid
  timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo

net:
  port: 28100
  bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')

replication:
  oplogSizeMB: 1024 
  replSetName: shard3

sharding:
  clusterRole: shardsvr
EOF

slave节点配置文件

cat >/opt/slave/conf/mongod.conf<<EOF   
systemLog:
  destination: file 
  logAppend: true 
  path: /opt/slave/log/mongodb.log

storage:
  journal:
    enabled: true
  dbPath: /data/slave/
  directoryPerDB: true

  wiredTiger:
    engineConfig:
      cacheSizeGB: 1
      directoryForIndexes: true
    collectionConfig:
      blockCompressor: zlib
    indexConfig:
      prefixCompression: true

processManagement:
  fork: true
  pidFilePath: /opt/slave/pid/mongod.pid
  timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo

net:
  port: 28200
  bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')

replication:
  oplogSizeMB: 1024 
  replSetName: shard1

sharding:
  clusterRole: shardsvr
EOF

aribiter节点配置文件

cat >/opt/arbiter/conf/mongod.conf<<EOF   
systemLog:
  destination: file 
  logAppend: true 
  path: /opt/arbiter/log/mongodb.log

storage:
  journal:
    enabled: true
  dbPath: /data/arbiter/
  directoryPerDB: true

  wiredTiger:
    engineConfig:
      cacheSizeGB: 1
      directoryForIndexes: true
    collectionConfig:
      blockCompressor: zlib
    indexConfig:
      prefixCompression: true

processManagement:
  fork: true
  pidFilePath: /opt/arbiter/pid/mongod.pid
  timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo

net:
  port: 28300
  bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')

replication:
  oplogSizeMB: 1024 
  replSetName: shard2

sharding:
  clusterRole: shardsvr
EOF

6.优化警告

注意！三台服务器都操作！！！

useradd mongod -s /sbin/nologin -M 
echo "never"  > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
echo "never"  > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag

7.启动服务

mongod -f /opt/master/conf/mongod.conf 
mongod -f /opt/slave/conf/mongod.conf 
mongod -f /opt/arbiter/conf/mongod.conf
netstat -lntup|grep mongod

8.初始化副本集

db01 master节点初始化shard1的副本

mongo --port 28100
rs.initiate()
rs.add("10.0.0.53:28200")
rs.addArb("10.0.0.52:28300")

db02 master节点初始化shard2的副本

mongo --port 28100
config = {
    _id:"shard2", 
    members:[
        {_id:0,host:"10.0.0.52:28100"},
        {_id:1,host:"10.0.0.51:28200"},
        {_id:2,host:"10.0.0.53:28300",arbiterOnly:true},
    ] 
}
rs.initiate(config)

db03 master节点初始化shard3的副本

mongo --port 28100
config = {
    _id:"shard3", 
    members:[
        {_id:0,host:"10.0.0.53:28100"},
        {_id:1,host:"10.0.0.52:28200"},
        {_id:2,host:"10.0.0.51:28300",arbiterOnly:true},
    ] 
}
rs.initiate(config)

9.检查命令

mongo --port 28100
rs.status()

mongod -f /opt/arbiter/conf/mongod.conf  --shutdown
mongod -f /opt/slave/conf/mongod.conf    --shutdown
mongod -f /opt/master/conf/mongod.conf   --shutdown

第6章 分片集群搭建config步骤

1.创建目录

mkdir -p /opt/config/{conf,log,pid}
mkdir -p /data/config/

2.创建配置文件

cat >/opt/config/conf/mongod.conf<<EOF   
systemLog:
  destination: file 
  logAppend: true 
  path: /opt/config/log/mongodb.log

storage:
  journal:
    enabled: true
  dbPath: /data/config/
  directoryPerDB: true

  wiredTiger:
    engineConfig:
      cacheSizeGB: 1
      directoryForIndexes: true
    collectionConfig:
      blockCompressor: zlib
    indexConfig:
      prefixCompression: true

processManagement:
  fork: true
  pidFilePath: /opt/config/pid/mongod.pid
  timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo

net:
  port: 40000
  bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')

replication:
  replSetName: configset

sharding:
  clusterRole: configsvr
EOF

3.启动

mongod -f /opt/config/conf/mongod.conf

4.初始化副本集

mongo localhost:40000
rs.initiate({
    _id:"configset", 
    configsvr: true,
    members:[
        {_id:0,host:"10.0.0.51:40000"},
        {_id:1,host:"10.0.0.52:40000"},
        {_id:2,host:"10.0.0.53:40000"},
    ] })

5.检查

rs.status()

第7章 分片集群搭建mongos配置

1.创建目录

mkdir -p /opt/mongos/{conf,log,pid}

2.创建配置文件

cat >/opt/mongos/conf/mongos.conf  <<EOF   
systemLog:
  destination: file 
  logAppend: true 
  path: /opt/mongos/log/mongos.log

processManagement:
  fork: true
  pidFilePath: /opt/mongos/pid/mongos.pid
  timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo

net:
  port: 60000
  bindIp: 127.0.0.1,$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}')

sharding:
  configDB: 
    configset/10.0.0.51:40000,10.0.0.52:40000,10.0.0.53:40000
EOF

3.启动

mongos -f /opt/mongos/conf/mongos.conf

4.登录mongos

mongo --port 60000

5.添加分片成员

use admin
db.runCommand({addShard:'shard1/10.0.0.51:28100,10.0.0.53:28200,10.0.0.52:28300'})
db.runCommand({addShard:'shard2/10.0.0.52:28100,10.0.0.51:28200,10.0.0.53:28300'})
db.runCommand({addShard:'shard3/10.0.0.53:28100,10.0.0.52:28200,10.0.0.51:28300'})

6.查看分片信息

db.runCommand( { listshards : 1 } )

第8章 hash分片配置

1.数据库开启分片

mongo --port 60000
use admin
db.runCommand( { enablesharding : "oldboy" } )

2.创建索引

use oldboy
db.hash.ensureIndex( { id: "hashed" } )

3.集合开启哈希分片

use admin
sh.shardCollection( "oldboy.hash", { id: "hashed" } )

4.生成测试数据

use oldboy
for(i=1;i<10000;i++){ db.hash.insert({"id":i,"name":"shenzheng","age":70,"date":new Date()}); }

5.分片验证

shard1
mongo db01:28100
use oldboy
db.hash.count()
33755


shard2
mongo db02:28100
use oldboy
db.hash.count()
33142


shard3
mongo db03:28100
use oldboy
db.hash.count()
33102

第9章 分片集群常用管理命令

1.列出分片所有详细信息

db.printShardingStatus()
sh.status()

2.列出所有分片成员信息

use admin
db.runCommand({ listshards : 1})

3.列出开启分片的数据库

use config
db.databases.find({"partitioned": true })

4.查看分片的片键

use config
db.collections.find().pretty()

5.查看集合的分片信息

db.getCollection('range').getShardDistribution()
db.getCollection('hash').getShardDistribution()

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