1、简介
Gui的核心技术: Swing AWT
- 因为界面不美观。
- 需要 jre 环境!
2、AWT
2.1、Awt定义
Awt(Abstract Window Toolkit)全称抽象窗口工具集。是基本的GUI类库,AWT也是窗口框架,包含不同平台的窗口系统改中的公共组件。
Awt程序执行时,通过JVM调用OS本地的图形界面来创建与平台一致的对等体。
优点:1. 界面风格与OS窗口 2. 一次编写,多平台运行
缺点:界面丑陋,功能有限
2.2、组件和容器
1、Frame案例
问题: 发现窗口关闭不掉,可以通过停止java程序!
package com.kuang.lesson01;
import java.awt.*;
//GUI的第一个界面
public class TestFrame {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//Frame,JDK, 看源码!
Frame frame = new Frame("我的第一个Java图像界面窗口");
//需要设置可见性 w h
frame.setVisible(true);
//设置窗口大小
frame.setSize(400,400);
//设置背景颜色 Color
frame.setBackground(new Color(85, 150, 68));
//弹出的初始位置
frame.setLocation(200,200);
//设置大小固定
frame.setResizable(false);
}
}
展示多个窗口
package com.kuang.lesson01;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestFrame2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//展示多个窗口 new
MyFrame myFrame1 = new MyFrame(100, 100, 200, 200, Color.blue);
MyFrame myFrame2 = new MyFrame(300, 100, 200, 200, Color.yellow);
MyFrame myFrame3 = new MyFrame(100, 300, 200, 200, Color.red);
MyFrame myFrame4 = new MyFrame(300, 300, 200, 200, Color.MAGENTA);
}
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
static int id = 0; //可能存在多个窗口,我们需要一个计数器
public MyFrame(int x,int y,int w,int h,Color color){
super("Myframe+"+(++id));
setBackground(color);
setBounds(x,y,w,h);
setVisible(true);
}
}
2、面板Panel
解决了关闭事件!
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
//窗口点击关闭的时候需要做的事情
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
//结束程序
System.exit(0);
}
});
package com.kuang.lesson01;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
import java.awt.event.WindowListener;
//Panel 可以看成是一个空间,但是不能单独存在
public class TestPanel {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
Panel panel = new Panel();
//设置布局
frame.setLayout(null);
//坐标
frame.setBounds(300,300,500,500);
frame.setBackground(new Color(40, 161, 35));
//panel设置坐标,相对于frame
panel.setBounds(50,50,400,400);
panel.setBackground(new Color(193, 15, 60));
//frame.add(panel)
frame.add(panel);
frame.setVisible(true);
//监听事件,监听窗口关闭事件 System.exit(0)
//适配器模式 :
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
//窗口点击关闭的时候需要做的事情
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
//结束程序
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
2.3、布局管理器
-
流式布局FlowLayout()
package com.kuang.lesson01; import java.awt.*; public class TestFlowLayout { public static void main(String[] args) { Frame frame = new Frame(); //组件-按钮 Button button1 = new Button("button1"); Button button2 = new Button("button2"); Button button3 = new Button("button3"); //设置为流式布局 //frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout()); //frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT)); frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT)); frame.setSize(200,200); //把按钮添加上去 frame.add(button1); frame.add(button2); frame.add(button3); frame.setVisible(true); } }
-
东西南北中BoderLayout()
public class TestBorderLayout { public static void main(String[] args) { Frame frame = new Frame("TestBorderLayout"); Button east = new Button("East"); Button west = new Button("West"); Button south = new Button("South"); Button north = new Button("North"); Button center = new Button("Center"); frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST); frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST); frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH); frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH); frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER); frame.setSize(200,200); frame.setVisible(true); } }
public class TestBorderLayout { //放在画板上的东西南北中 public static void main(String[] args) { Frame frame = new Frame("TestBorderLayout"); frame.setSize(400,300); frame.setLocation(300,400); frame.setBackground( Color.BLUE); frame.setVisible(true); Button east = new Button("East"); Button west = new Button("West"); Button south = new Button("South"); Button north = new Button("North"); Button center = new Button("Center"); Panel panel = new Panel(); panel.setLayout(new BorderLayout()); panel.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST); panel.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST); panel.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH); panel.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH); panel.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER); frame.add(panel); frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() { @Override public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) { System.exit(0); } }); /* frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST); frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST); frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH); frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH); frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER);*/ } }
-
表格布局 GridLayout()
package com.kuang.lesson01; import java.awt.*; public class TestGridLayout { public static void main(String[] args) { Frame frame = new Frame("TestGridLayout"); Button btn1 = new Button("btn1"); Button btn2 = new Button("btn2"); Button btn3 = new Button("btn3"); Button btn4 = new Button("btn4"); Button btn5 = new Button("btn5"); Button btn6 = new Button("btn6"); frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2)); frame.add(btn1); frame.add(btn2); frame.add(btn3); frame.add(btn4); frame.add(btn5); frame.add(btn6); frame.pack(); //Java函数! frame.setVisible(true); } }
public class TestGridLayout { //画在画板上表格布局 public static void main(String[] args) { Frame frame = new Frame("TestGridLayout"); Panel panel = new Panel(); panel.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2)); Button btn1 = new Button("btn1"); Button btn2 = new Button("btn2"); Button btn3 = new Button("btn3"); Button btn4 = new Button("btn4"); Button btn5 = new Button("btn5"); Button btn6 = new Button("btn6"); /* frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));*/ panel.add(btn1); panel.add(btn2); panel.add(btn3); panel.add(btn4); panel.add(btn5); panel.add(btn6); frame.add(panel); frame.pack(); //Java函数! frame.setVisible(true); frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() { @Override public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) { System.exit(0); } }); } }
课堂练习:
分析过程:
注意:
在写代码前要先思考程序的架构,在去用代码实现,切勿直接动手。
按钮命名时要统一字符长度,要用英文命名。
代码实现:
package com.kuang.lesson01;
import java.awt.*;
//练习的demo讲解
public class ExDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//总 Frame
Frame frame = new Frame();
frame.setSize(400,300);
frame.setLocation(300,400);
frame.setBackground(Color.BLACK);
frame.setVisible(true);
frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
//4个面板
Panel p1 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
Panel p2 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1));
Panel p3 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
Panel p4 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,2));
//上面OK
p1.add(new Button("East-1"),BorderLayout.EAST);
p1.add(new Button("West-1"),BorderLayout.WEST);
p2.add(new Button("p2-btn-1"));
p2.add(new Button("p2-btn-2"));
p1.add(p2,BorderLayout.CENTER);
//下面
p3.add(new Button("East-2"),BorderLayout.EAST);
p3.add(new Button("West-2"),BorderLayout.WEST);
//中间4个
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
p4.add(new Button("for-"+i));
}
p3.add(p4,BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.add(p1);
frame.add(p3);
}
}
总结:
-
Frame是一个顶级窗口
-
Panel 无法单独显示,必须添加到某个容器中。
-
布局管理器
- 流式
- 东西南北中
- 表格
-
大小,定位,背景颜色,可见性,监听!
5.注意:当将按钮放在Panel上时,Frame就不用再写布局方式,因为将Panel放在Frame里面,只需要设置Panel的布局方式即可。
2.4、事件监听
事件监听:当某个事情发生的时候,干什么?
package com.kuang.lesson02;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestActionEvent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//按下按钮,触发一些事件
Frame frame = new Frame();
Button button = new Button();
//因为,addActionListener()需要一个 ActionListener,所以我们需要构造一个 ActionListener
MyActionListener myActionListener = new MyActionListener();
button.addActionListener(myActionListener);
frame.add(button,BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.pack();
windowClose(frame); //关闭窗口
frame.setVisible(true);
}
//关闭窗体的事件
private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
//事件监听
class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
System.out.println("aaa");
}
}
多个按钮,共享一个事件
package com.kuang.lesson02;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class TestActionTwo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 两个按钮,实现同一个监听
// 开始 停止
Frame frame = new Frame("开始-停止");
Button button1 = new Button("start");
Button button2 = new Button("stop");
//可以显示的定义触发会返回的命令,如果不显示定义,则会走默认的值!
//可以多个按钮只写一个监听类
button2.setActionCommand("button2-stop");
MyMonitor myMonitor = new MyMonitor();
button1.addActionListener(myMonitor);
button2.addActionListener(myMonitor);
frame.add(button1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
frame.add(button2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
class MyMonitor implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
// e.getActionCommand() 获得按钮的信息
System.out.println("按钮被点击了:msg=> "+e.getActionCommand());
if (e.getActionCommand().equals("start")){
}
}
}
2.5、输入框 TextField 监听
package com.kuang.lesson02;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class TestText01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//启动!
new MyFrame();
}
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
public MyFrame(){
TextField textField = new TextField();
add(textField);
//监听这个文本框输入的文字
MyActionListener2 myActionListener2 = new MyActionListener2();
//按下enter 就会触发这个输入框的事件
textField.addActionListener(myActionListener2);
//设置替换编码
textField.setEchoChar('*');
setVisible(true);
pack();
}
}
class MyActionListener2 implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
TextField field = (TextField) e.getSource(); //获得一些资源,返回的一个对象
System.out.println(field.getText()); //获得输入框的文本
field.setText(""); //null ""
}
}
2.6、简易计算器,组合+内部类回顾复习!
oop原则:组合,大于继承!
目前代码
package com.kuang.lesson02;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
//简易计算器
public class TestCalc {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Calculator();
}
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{
public Calculator(){
//3 个文本框
TextField num1 = new TextField(10);//字符数
TextField num2 = new TextField(10);//字符数
TextField num3 = new TextField(20);//字符数
//1 个按钮
Button button = new Button("=");
button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(num1,num2,num3));
//1 个标签
Label label = new Label("+");
//布局
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
add(num1);
add(label);
add(num2);
add(button);
add(num3);
pack();
setVisible(true);
}
}
//监听器类
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
//获取三个变量
private TextField num1,num2,num3;
public MyCalculatorListener(TextField num1,TextField num2,TextField num3) {
this.num1 = num1;
this.num2 = num2;
this.num3 = num3;
}
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//1. 获得加数和被加数
int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
//2. 将这个值 + 法运算后,放到第三个框
num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
//3. 清除前两个框
num1.setText("");
num2.setText("");
}
}
完全改造为面向对象写法
package com.kuang.lesson02;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
//简易计算器
public class TestCalc {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Calculator().loadFrame();
}
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{
//属性
TextField num1,num2,num3;
//方法
public void loadFrame(){
num1 = new TextField(10);//字符数
num2 = new TextField(10);//字符数
num3 = new TextField(20);//字符数
Button button = new Button("=");
Label label = new Label("+");
button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(this));
//布局
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
add(num1);
add(label);
add(num2);
add(button);
add(num3);
pack();
setVisible(true);
}
}
//监听器类
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
//获取计算器这个对象,在一个类中组合另外一个类;
Calculator calculator = null;
public MyCalculatorListener(Calculator calculator) {
this.calculator = calculator;
}
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//1. 获得加数和被加数
//2. 将这个值 + 法运算后,放到第三个框
//3. 清除前两个框
int n1 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.num1.getText());
int n2 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.num2.getText());
calculator.num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
calculator.num1.setText("");
calculator.num2.setText("");
}
}
内部类:
- 更好的包装
package com.kuang.lesson02;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
//简易计算器
public class TestCalc {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Calculator().loadFrame();
}
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{
//属性
TextField num1,num2,num3;
//方法
public void loadFrame(){
num1 = new TextField(10);//字符数
num2 = new TextField(10);//字符数
num3 = new TextField(20);//字符数
Button button = new Button("=");
Label label = new Label("+");
button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener());
//布局
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
add(num1);
add(label);
add(num2);
add(button);
add(num3);
pack();
setVisible(true);
}
//监听器类
//内部类最大的好处,就是可以畅通无阻的访问外部的属性和方法!
private class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//1. 获得加数和被加数
//2. 将这个值 + 法运算后,放到第三个框
//3. 清除前两个框
int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
num1.setText("");
num2.setText("");
}
}
}
2.7、画笔
package com.kuang.lesson03;
import java.awt.*;
import java.util.Date;
public class TestPaint {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyPaint().loadFrame();
}
}
class MyPaint extends Frame{
public void loadFrame(){
setBounds(200,200,600,500);
setVisible(true);
}
//画笔
@Override
public void paint(Graphics g) {
//画笔,需要有颜色,画笔可以画画
//g.setColor(Color.red);
//g.drawOval(100,100,100,100);
g.fillOval(100,100,100,100); //实心的园
// g.setColor(Color.GREEN);
g.fillRect(150,200,200,200);
//养成习惯,画笔用完,将他还原到最初的颜色
}
}
2.8、鼠标监听
目的:想要实现鼠标画画!
package com.kuang.lesson03;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.awt.event.MouseListener;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
//鼠标监听事件
public class TestMouseListener {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyFrame("画图");
}
}
//自己的类
class MyFrame extends Frame{
//画画需要画笔,需要监听鼠标当前的位置,需要集合来存储这个点
ArrayList points;
public MyFrame(String title) {
super(title);
setBounds(200,200,400,300);
//存鼠标点击的点
points = new ArrayList<>();
setVisible(true);
//鼠标监听器,正对这个窗口
this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());
}
@Override
public void paint(Graphics g) {
//画画,监听鼠标的事件
Iterator iterator = points.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()){
Point point = (Point) iterator.next();
g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
g.fillOval(point.x,point.y,10,10);
}
}
//添加一个点到界面上
public void addPaint(Point point){
points.add(point);
}
//适配器模式
private class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter{
//鼠标 按下,弹起,按住不放
@Override
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
MyFrame frame = (MyFrame) e.getSource();
//这个我们点击的时候,就会在界面上产生一个点!画
//这个点就是鼠标的点;
frame.addPaint(new Point(e.getX(),e.getY()));
//每次点击鼠标都需要重新画一遍
frame.repaint();//刷新
}
}
}
2.9、窗口监听
package com.kuang.lesson03;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestWindow {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new WindowFrame();
}
}
class WindowFrame extends Frame{
public WindowFrame(){
setBackground(Color.blue);
setBounds(100,100,200,200);
setVisible(true);
//addWindowListener(new MyWindowListener());
this.addWindowListener(
//匿名内部类
new WindowAdapter() {
//关闭窗口
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.out.println("windowClosing");
System.exit(0);
}
//激活窗口
@Override
public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
WindowFrame source = (WindowFrame) e.getSource();
source.setTitle("被激活了");
System.out.println("windowActivated");
}
}
);
}
}
2.10、键盘监听
public class TextKeyFrame {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyKeyFrame();
}
}
class MyKeyFrame extends Frame{
public MyKeyFrame(){
setBounds(1,2,300,400);
setVisible(true);
this.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
@Override
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
char keyCode = (char) e.getKeyCode();
System.out.println(keyCode);
}
});
}
}