语言版本：Python
1、自动登录12306并保持Cookie
2、自动实现抢购设置的某日期的某车次的票
3、攻克排队系统陷阱，避免进入排队系统
4、循环监控某车次的票，直到有票，自动抢购
5、抢票时若出现异常，自动重新抢票，直到成功
'''
@初始配置项
Author:韦玮
---------------
'''
# 12306账号
myuser = "[email protected]"
mypasswd = "312132123"
import urllib.request
import re
import ssl
import urllib.parse
import http.cookiejar
import datetime
import time
# 为了防止ssl出现问题，你可以加上下面一行代码
ssl._create_default_https_context = ssl._create_unverified_context
# 查票
# 常用三字码与站点对应关系
areatocode = {"上海": "SHH", "北京": "BJP", "南京": "NJH", "昆山": "KSH", "杭州": "HZH", "桂林": "GLZ"}
start1 = input("请输入起始站:")
# start1="北京"
start = areatocode[start1]
to1 = input("请输入到站:")
# to1="上海"
to = areatocode[to1]
isstudent = input("是学生吗？是：1，不是：0")
# isstudent="0"
date = input("请输入要查询的乘车开始日期的年月，如2017-03-05：")
# date="2018-04-13"
if (isstudent == "0"):
student = "ADULT"
else:
student = "0X00"
url = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/query?leftTicketDTO.train_date=" + date + "&\
leftTicketDTO.from_station=" + start + "&leftTicketDTO.to_station=" + to + "&purpose_codes=" + student
context = ssl._create_unverified_context()
data = urllib.request.urlopen(url).read().decode("utf-8", "ignore")
patrst01 = '"result":\[(.*?)\]'
rst01 = re.compile(patrst01).findall(data)[0]
allcheci = rst01.split(",")
checimap_pat = '"map":({.*?})'
checimap = eval(re.compile(checimap_pat).findall(data)[0])
print("车次\t出发站名\t到达站名\t出发时间\t到达时间\t一等座\t二等座\t硬座\t无座")
for i in range(0, len(allcheci)):
try:
thischeci = allcheci[i].split("|")
# [3]---code
code = thischeci[3]
# [6]---fromname
fromname = thischeci[6]
fromname = checimap[fromname]
# [7]---toname
toname = thischeci[7]
toname = checimap[toname]
# [8]---stime
stime = thischeci[8]
# [9]---atime
atime = thischeci[9]
# [28]---yz
yz = thischeci[31]
# [29]---wz
wz = thischeci[30]
# [30]---ze
ze = thischeci[29]
# [31]---zy
zy = thischeci[26]
print(code + "\t" + fromname + "\t" + toname + "\t" + stime + "\t" + atime + "\t" + str(zy) + "\t" + str(ze) + "\t\
" + str(yz) + "\t" + str(wz))
except Exception as err:
pass
isdo = input("查票完成，请输入1继续…")
# isdo=1
if (isdo == 1 or isdo == "1"):
pass
else:
raise Exception("输入不是1，结束执行")
print("Cookie处理中…")
# 以下进行登陆操作
# 建立cookie处理
cjar = http.cookiejar.CookieJar()
opener = urllib.request.build_opener(urllib.request.HTTPCookieProcessor(cjar))
urllib.request.install_opener(opener)
# 以下进入自动登录部分
loginurl = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/login/init#"
req0 = urllib.request.Request(loginurl)
req0.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, lik\
e Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0')
req0data = urllib.request.urlopen(req0).read().decode("utf-8", "ignore")
yzmurl = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/passport/captcha/captcha-image?login_site=E&module=login&rand=sjrand"
while True:
urllib.request.urlretrieve(yzmurl, "./12306_yzm.png")
yzm = input("请输入验证码，输入第几张图片即可")
if (yzm != "re"):
break
# x坐标(35,112,173,253)，y坐标(45)
# x坐标(35,112,173,253)，y坐标(114)
pat1 = '"(.*?)"'
allpic = re.compile(pat1).findall(yzm)
def getxy(pic):
if (pic == 1):
xy = (35, 45)
if (pic == 2):
xy = (112, 45)
if (pic == 3):
xy = (173, 45)
if (pic == 4):
xy = (253, 45)
if (pic == 5):
xy = (35, 114)
if (pic == 6):
xy = (112, 114)
if (pic == 7):
xy = (173, 114)
if (pic == 8):
xy = (253, 114)
return xy
allpicpos = ""
for i in allpic:
thisxy = getxy(int(i))
for j in thisxy:
allpicpos = allpicpos + str(j) + ","
allpicpos2 = re.compile("(.*?).$").findall(allpicpos)[0]
print(allpicpos2)
# post验证码验证
yzmposturl = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/passport/captcha/captcha-check"
yzmpostdata = urllib.parse.urlencode({
"answer": allpicpos2,
"rand": "sjrand",
"login_site": "E",
}).encode('utf-8')
req1 = urllib.request.Request(yzmposturl, yzmpostdata)
req1.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, lik\
e Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0')
req1data = urllib.request.urlopen(req1).read().decode("utf-8", "ignore")
# post账号密码验证
loginposturl = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/passport/web/login"
loginpostdata = urllib.parse.urlencode({
"username": myuser,
"password": mypasswd,
"appid": "otn",
}).encode('utf-8')
req2 = urllib.request.Request(loginposturl, loginpostdata)
req2.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, lik\
e Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0')
req2data = urllib.request.urlopen(req2).read().decode("utf-8", "ignore")
# 其他验证
loginposturl2 = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/login/userLogin"
loginpostdata2 = urllib.parse.urlencode({
"_json_att": "",
}).encode('utf-8')
req2_2 = urllib.request.Request(loginposturl2, loginpostdata2)
req2_2.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, lik\
e Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0')
req2data_2 = urllib.request.urlopen(req2_2).read().decode("utf-8", "ignore")
loginposturl3 = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/passport/web/auth/uamtk"
loginpostdata3 = urllib.parse.urlencode({
"appid": "otn",
}).encode('utf-8')
req2_3 = urllib.request.Request(loginposturl3, loginpostdata3)
req2_3.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, lik\
e Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0')
req2data_3 = urllib.request.urlopen(req2_3).read().decode("utf-8", "ignore")
pat_req2 = '"newapptk":"(.*?)"'
tk = re.compile(pat_req2, re.S).findall(req2data_3)[0]
loginposturl4 = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/uamauthclient"
loginpostdata4 = urllib.parse.urlencode({
"tk": tk,
}).encode('utf-8')
req2_4 = urllib.request.Request(loginposturl4, loginpostdata4)
req2_4.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, lik\
e Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0')
req2data_4 = urllib.request.urlopen(req2_4).read().decode("utf-8", "ignore")
# 爬个人中心页面
centerurl = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/index/initMy12306"
req3 = urllib.request.Request(centerurl)
req3.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, lik\
e Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0')
req3data = urllib.request.urlopen(req3).read().decode("utf-8", "ignore")
print("登陆完成")
# isdo="1"
isdo = input("如果需要订票，请输入1继续，否则请输入其他数据")
if (isdo == 1 or isdo == "1"):
pass
else:
raise Exception("输入不是1，结束执行")
thiscode = input("请输入要预定的车次：")
chooseno = "None"
# chooseno="1"
while True:
try:
# 订票
# 先初始化一下订票界面
initurl = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/init"
reqinit = urllib.request.Request(initurl)
reqinit.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.3\
6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0')
initdata = urllib.request.urlopen(reqinit).read().decode("utf-8", "ignore")
# 再爬对应订票信息
bookurl = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/query?leftTicketDTO.train_date=" + date + "&leftTi\
cketDTO.from_station=" + start + "&leftTicketDTO.to_station=" + to + "&purpose_codes=" + student
req4 = urllib.request.Request(bookurl)
req4.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHT\
ML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0')
req4data = urllib.request.urlopen(req4).read().decode("utf-8", "ignore")
# 存储车次与secretStr信息
patrst01 = '"result":\[(.*?)\]'
rst01 = re.compile(patrst01).findall(req4data)[0]
allcheci = rst01.split(",")
checimap_pat = '"map":({.*?})'
checimap = eval(re.compile(checimap_pat).findall(req4data)[0])
code = []
secretStr = []
zy = []
for i in range(0, len(allcheci)):
try:
thischeci = allcheci[i].split("|")
# print(thischeci)
# [3]---code
thiscode1 = thischeci[3]
code.append(thiscode1)
# [0]---secretStr
secretStr.append(thischeci[0].replace('"', ""))
# [31]-zy
thiszy = thischeci[31]
zy.append(thiszy)
except Exception as err:
pass
# 用字典trainzy存储车次有没有票的信息
trainzy = {}
for i in range(0, len(code)):
trainzy[code[i]] = zy[i]
# 用字典traindata存储车次secretStr信息，以供后续订票操作
# 存储的格式是：traindata={"车次1":secretStr1,"车次2":secretStr2,…}
traindata = {}
for i in range(0, len(code)):
traindata[code[i]] = secretStr[i]
# 订票-第1次post-主要进行确认用户状态
checkurl = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/login/checkUser"
checkdata = urllib.parse.urlencode({
"_json_att": ""
}).encode('utf-8')
req5 = urllib.request.Request(checkurl, checkdata)
req5.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.3\
6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0')
req5data = urllib.request.urlopen(req5).read().decode("utf-8", "ignore")
# 自动得到当前时间并转为年-月-格式，因为后面请求数据需要用到当前时间作为返程时间backdate
backdate = datetime.datetime.now()
backdate = backdate.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
# 订票-第2次post-主要进行“预订”提交
submiturl = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/submitOrderRequest"
submitdata = urllib.parse.urlencode({
"secretStr": traindata[thiscode],
"train_date": date,
"back_train_date": backdate,
"tour_flag": "dc",
"purpose_codes": student,
"query_from_station_name": start1,
"query_to_station_name": to1,
})
submitdata2 = submitdata.replace("%25", "%")
submitdata3 = submitdata2.encode('utf-8')
req6 = urllib.request.Request(submiturl, submitdata3)
req6.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.3\
6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0')
req6data = urllib.request.urlopen(req6).read().decode("utf-8", "ignore")
# 订票-第3次post-主要获取Token、leftTicketStr、key_check_isChange、train_location
initdcurl = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/initDc"
initdcdata = urllib.parse.urlencode({
"_json_att": ""
}).encode('utf-8')
req7 = urllib.request.Request(initdcurl, initdcdata)
req7.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.3\
6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0')
req7data = urllib.request.urlopen(req7).read().decode("utf-8", "ignore")
# 获取train_no、leftTicketStr、fromStationTelecode、toStationTelecode、train_location
train_no_pat = "'train_no':'(.*?)'"
leftTicketStr_pat = "'leftTicketStr':'(.*?)'"
fromStationTelecode_pat = "from_station_telecode':'(.*?)'"
toStationTelecode_pat = "'to_station_telecode':'(.*?)'"
train_location_pat = "'train_location':'(.*?)'"
pattoken = "var globalRepeatSubmitToken.*?'(.*?)'"
patkey = "'key_check_isChange':'(.*?)'"
train_no_all = re.compile(train_no_pat).findall(req7data)
if (len(train_no_all) != 0):
train_no = train_no_all[0]
else:
raise Exception("train_no获取失败")
leftTicketStr_all = re.compile(leftTicketStr_pat).findall(req7data)
if (len(leftTicketStr_all) != 0):
leftTicketStr = leftTicketStr_all[0]
else:
raise Exception("leftTicketStr获取失败")
fromStationTelecode_all = re.compile(fromStationTelecode_pat).findall(req7data)
if (len(fromStationTelecode_all) != 0):
fromStationTelecode = fromStationTelecode_all[0]
else:
raise Exception("fromStationTelecod获取失败")
toStationTelecode_all = re.compile(toStationTelecode_pat).findall(req7data)
if (len(toStationTelecode_all) != 0):
toStationTelecode = toStationTelecode_all[0]
else:
raise Exception("toStationTelecode获取失败")
train_location_all = re.compile(train_location_pat).findall(req7data)
if (len(train_location_all) != 0):
train_location = train_location_all[0]
else:
raise Exception("train_location获取失败")
tokenall = re.compile(pattoken).findall(req7data)
if (len(tokenall) != 0):
token = tokenall[0]
else:
raise Exception("Token获取失败")
keyall = re.compile(patkey).findall(req7data)
if (len(keyall) != 0):
key = keyall[0]
else:
raise Exception("key_check_isChange获取失败")
# 还需要获取train_location
pattrain_location = "'tour_flag':'dc','train_location':'(.*?)'"
train_locationall = re.compile(pattrain_location).findall(req7data)
if (len(train_locationall) != 0):
train_location = train_locationall[0]
else:
raise Exception("train_location获取失败")
# 自动post网址4-获取乘客信息
getuserurl = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/getPassengerDTOs"
getuserdata = urllib.parse.urlencode({
"REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN": token,
}).encode('utf-8')
req8 = urllib.request.Request(getuserurl, getuserdata)
req8.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.3\
6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0')
req8data = urllib.request.urlopen(req8).read().decode("utf-8", "ignore")
# 获取用户信息
# 提取姓名
namepat = '"passenger_name":"(.*?)"'
# 提取身份证
idpat = '"passenger_id_no":"(.*?)"'
# 提取手机号
mobilepat = '"mobile_no":"(.*?)"'
# 提取对应乘客所在的国家
countrypat = '"country_code":"(.*?)"'
nameall = re.compile(namepat).findall(req8data)
idall = re.compile(idpat).findall(req8data)
mobileall = re.compile(mobilepat).findall(req8data)
countryall = re.compile(countrypat).findall(req8data)
# 选择乘客
if (chooseno != "None"):
pass
else:
# 输出乘客信息，由于可能有多位乘客，所以通过循环输出
for i in range(0, len(nameall)):
print("第" + str(i + 1) + "位用户,姓名:" + str(nameall[i]))
chooseno = input("请选择要订票的用户的序号，此处只能选择一位哦，如需选择多\
位，可以自行修改一下代码")
# thisno为对应乘客的下标，比序号少1，比如序号为1的乘客在列表中的下标为0
thisno = int(chooseno) - 1
if (trainzy[thiscode] == "无"):
print("当前无票，继续监控…")
continue
# 总请求1-点击提交后步骤1-确认订单(在此只定二等座，座位类型为1，如需选择多种类型座位，可
# 以自行修改一下代码使用if判断一下即可)
checkOrderurl = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/checkOrderInfo"
checkdata = urllib.parse.urlencode({
"cancel_flag": 2,
"bed_level_order_num": "000000000000000000000000000000",
"passengerTicketStr": "M,0,1," + str(nameall[thisno]) + ",1," + str(idall[thisno]) + ",\
" + str(mobileall[thisno]) + ",N",
"oldPassengerStr": str(nameall[thisno]) + ",1," + str(idall[thisno]) + ",1_",
"tour_flag": "dc",
"randCode": "",
"whatsSelect": 1,
"_json_att": "",
"REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN": token,
}).encode('utf-8')
req9 = urllib.request.Request(checkOrderurl, checkdata)
req9.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KH\
TML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0')
req9data = urllib.request.urlopen(req9).read().decode("utf-8", "ignore")
print("确认订单完成，即将进行下一步")
# 总请求2-点击提交后步骤2-获取队列
getqueurl = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/getQueueCount"
# checkdata=checkOrderdata.encode('utf-8')
# 将日期转为格林时间
# 先将字符串转为常规时间格式
thisdatestr = date # 需要的买票时间
thisdate = datetime.datetime.strptime(thisdatestr, "%Y-%m-%d").date()
# 再转为对应的格林时间
gmt = '%a+%b+%d+%Y'
thisgmtdate = thisdate.strftime(gmt)
# 将leftstr2转成指定格式
leftstr2 = leftTicketStr.replace("%", "%25")
getquedata = "train_date=" + str(thisgmtdate) + "+00%3A00%3A00+GMT%2B0800&train_no=" + train_no + "&sta\
tionTrainCode=" + thiscode + "&seatType=M&fromStationTelecode=" + fromStationTelecode + "&toStationTelecod\
e=" + toStationTelecode + "&leftTicket=" + leftstr2 + "&purpose_codes=00&train_location=" + train_location + "&_j\
son_att=&REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN=" + str(token)
getdata = getquedata.encode('utf-8')
req10 = urllib.request.Request(getqueurl, getdata)
req10.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTM\
L, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0')
req10data = urllib.request.urlopen(req10).read().decode("utf-8", "ignore")
print("获取订单队列完成，即将进行下一步")
# 总请求3-确认步骤1-配置确认提交
confurl = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/confirmSingleForQueue"
confdata2 = urllib.parse.urlencode({
"passengerTicketStr": "M,0,1," + str(nameall[thisno]) + ",1," + str(idall[thisno]) + ",\
" + str(mobileall[thisno]) + ",N",
"oldPassengerStr": str(nameall[thisno]) + ",1," + str(idall[thisno]) + ",1_",
"randCode": "",
"purpose_codes": "00",
"key_check_isChange": key,
"leftTicketStr": leftTicketStr,
"train_location": train_location,
"choose_seats": "",
"seatDetailType": "000",
"whatsSelect": "1",
"roomType": "00",
"dwAll": "N",
"_json_att": "",
"REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN": token,
}).encode('utf-8')
req11 = urllib.request.Request(confurl, confdata2)
req11.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.3\
6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0')
req11data = urllib.request.urlopen(req11).read().decode("utf-8", "ignore")
print("配置确认提交完成，即将进行下一步")
time1 = time.time()
while True:
# 总请求4-确认步骤2-获取orderid
time2 = time.time()
if ((time2 - time1) // 60 > 5):
print("获取orderid超时，正在进行新一次抢购")
break
getorderidurl = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/queryOrderWaitTime?random=" + str(
int(time.time() * 1000)) + "&tourFlag=dc&_json_att=&REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN=" + str(token)
req12 = urllib.request.Request(getorderidurl)
req12.add_header('User-Agent',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0')
req12data = urllib.request.urlopen(req12).read().decode("utf-8", "ignore")
patorderid = '"orderId":"(.*?)"'
orderidall = re.compile(patorderid).findall(req12data)
if (len(orderidall) == 0):
print("未获取到orderid，正在进行新一次的请求。")
continue
else:
orderid = orderidall[0]
break
print("获取orderid完成，即将进行下一步")
# 总请求5-确认步骤3-请求结果
resulturl = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/resultOrderForDcQueue"
resultdata = "orderSequence_no=" + orderid + "&_json_att=&REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN=" + str(token)
resultdata2 = resultdata.encode('utf-8')
req13 = urllib.request.Request(resulturl, resultdata2)
req13.add_header('User-Agent',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0')
req13data = urllib.request.urlopen(req13).read().decode("utf-8", "ignore")
print("请求结果完成，即将进行下一步")
try:
# 总请求6-确认步骤4-支付接口页面
payurl = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn//payOrder/init"
paydata = "_json_att=&REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN=" + str(token)
paydata2 = paydata.encode('utf-8')
req14 = urllib.request.Request(payurl, paydata2)
req14.add_header('User-Agent',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0')
req14data = urllib.request.urlopen(req14).read().decode("utf-8", "ignore")
print("订单已经完成提交，您可以登录后台进行支付了。")
break
except Exception as err:
break
except Exception as err:
print(err)