Python 爬取12306火车票

获取火车站

stations.py

#import certifi
#import urllib3
import re
import requests
from pprint import pprint


url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/js/framework/station_name.js?station_version=1.9001'
response = requests.get(url, verify=False)
stations = re.findall('([\u4e00-\u9fa5]+)\|([A-Z]+)',response.text)
print(dict(stations))
#pprint(dict(stations),indent=4)

根据出发地,目的地,时间查询

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8
"""命令行的火车票查看器
Usage:
    12306 [-gdtkz] <from> <to> <date>

Options:
    -h,--help  显示帮助
    -g           高铁
    -d         动车
    -t         特快
    -k         快速
    -z         直达

Example:
    12306 上海 北京 2016-12-16
    12306 -dg 上海北京 2016-12-16
    
pip install requests prettytable docopt colorama
#prettytable格式化工具
#docopt是python3命令行的位置参数解析工具
#colorama是添加显示颜色

"""
import requests
from docopt import docopt
import sys
#sys.path.append(r"/py/stations")
from stations import stations
import json
from prettytable import PrettyTable

class TrainsCollections:
    header = '车次 车站 时间 历时 一等 二等 软卧 硬卧 硬座 无座'.split()
    def __init__(self,available_tranins,options):
        self.available_tranins = available_tranins
        self.options = options
    def _get_duration(self,raw_train):
        durations = raw_train.get('lishi').replace(':','小时') + '分'
        return durations
        
    #装饰器,把此函数定义为属性,以被别的函数调用
    @property
    def trains(self):
        for raw_train in self.available_tranins:
            train_no = raw_train['station_train_code']
            initial = train_no[0].lower()
            if not self.options or initial  in self.options:
                train = [
                train_no,
                '\n'.join([raw_train['from_station_name'],raw_train['to_station_name']]),
                '\n'.join([raw_train['start_time'],raw_train['arrive_time']]),
                self._get_duration(raw_train),
                raw_train['zy_num'],
                raw_train['ze_num'],
                raw_train['rw_num'],
                raw_train['yw_num'],
                raw_train['yz_num'],
                raw_train['wz_num'],
                ]
                #print(train)
                #生成器,一次返回一项
                yield train

    def pretty_print(self):
        pt = PrettyTable()
        pt._set_field_names(self.header)
        for train in self.trains:
            pt.add_row(train)
            print(pt)
    
def cli():
    '''
    {
    '-d':True,
    '-g':True,
    '-k':False,
    '-t':False,
    '-z':False,
    '<date>':'2017-03-23',
    '<from>':'海口',
    '<to>':'北京'}
    '''
    arguments = docopt(__doc__)
    print(arguments)
    from_station = stations.get(arguments['<from>'])
    to_station = stations.get(arguments['<to>'])
    date = arguments['<date>']
    #获取参数,列表解析
    options = ''.join([k for k,v in arguments.items() if v is True])
    url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/query?leftTicketDTO.train_date={}&leftTicketDTO.from_station={}&leftTicketDTO.to_station={}&purpose_codes=ADULT'.format(date,from_station,to_station)
    #url = 'https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/query?leftTicketDTO.train_date={}&leftTicketDTO.from_station={}&leftTicketDTO.to_station={}&purpose_codes=ADULT'
    r = requests.get(url,verify=False)
    print(url)
    #jjj = json.loads(str(r))
    available_tranins1 = r.json()['data']
    available_tranins = []
    for available_tranins2 in available_tranins1:
       available_tranins.append(available_tranins2['queryLeftNewDTO'])
        #available_tranins = list(available_tranins.keys())
       # print(available_tranins)
        #TrainsCollections(available_tranins,options).pretty_print()
    #available_tranins = available_tranins2['queryLeftNewDTO']
    #print(available_tranins)
    #print(type(available_tranins[0]))
    TrainsCollections(available_tranins,options).pretty_print()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    #TrainsCollections.cli()
    cli()