12306火车票自动抢票系统
技术关键点：
1.利用抓包分析工具fiddler,尽量从后往前推,可以过滤掉无用的信息,提高效率
2.HTTP协议是无状态协议,所以登录时需要做cookies处理
3.增强程序的健壮性,做好异常处理:try......except......
4.登录时验证码的坐标识别(fiddler抓包)
以下代码为摘录可作参考：
#12306账号
myuser="账号"
mypasswd="密码"
import urllib.request
import re
import ssl
import urllib.parse
import http.cookiejar
import datetime
import time
#为了防止ssl出现问题，你可以加上下面一行代码
ssl._create_default_https_context = ssl._create_unverified_context
#查票
#常用三字码与站点对应关系
areatocode={"上海":"SHH","北京":"BJP","南京":"NJH","昆山":"KSH","杭州":"HZH","桂林":"GLZ"}
start1=input("请输入起始站:")
#start1="北京"
start=areatocode[start1]
to1=input("请输入到站:")
#to1="上海"
to=areatocode[to1]
isstudent=input("是学生吗？是：1，不是：0")
#isstudent="0"
date=input("请输入要查询的乘车开始日期的年月，如2017-03-05：")
#date="2018-04-13"
if(isstudent=="0"):
student="ADULT"
else:
student="0X00"
url="https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/query?leftTicketDTO.train_date="+date+"&\
leftTicketDTO.from_station="+start+"&leftTicketDTO.to_station="+to+"&purpose_codes="+student
context = ssl._create_unverified_context()
data=urllib.request.urlopen(url).read().decode("utf-8","ignore")
patrst01='"result":\[(.*?)\]'
rst01=re.compile(patrst01).findall(data)[0]
allcheci=rst01.split(",")
checimap_pat='"map":({.*?})'
checimap=eval(re.compile(checimap_pat).findall(data)[0])
print("车次\t出发站名\t到达站名\t出发时间\t到达时间\t一等座\t二等座\t硬座\t无座")
for i in range(0,len(allcheci)):
try:
thischeci=allcheci[i].split("|")
#[3]---code
code=thischeci[3]
#[6]---fromname
fromname=thischeci[6]
fromname=checimap[fromname]
#[7]---toname
toname=thischeci[7]
toname=checimap[toname]
#[8]---stime
stime=thischeci[8]
#[9]---atime
atime=thischeci[9]
#[28]---yz
yz=thischeci[31]
#[29]---wz
wz=thischeci[30]
#[30]---ze
ze=thischeci[29]
#[31]---zy
zy=thischeci[26]
print(code+"\t"+fromname+"\t"+toname+"\t"+stime+"\t"+atime+"\t"+str(zy)+"\t"+str(ze)+"\t\
"+str(yz)+"\t"+str(wz))
except Exception as err:
pass
isdo=input("查票完成，请输入1继续…")
#isdo=1
if(isdo==1 or isdo=="1"):
pass
else:
raise Exception("输入不是1，结束执行")
print("Cookie处理中…")
#以下进行登陆操作
#建立cookie处理
cjar=http.cookiejar.CookieJar()
opener = urllib.request.build_opener(urllib.request.HTTPCookieProcessor(cjar))
urllib.request.install_opener(opener)
#以下进入自动登录部分
loginurl="https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/login/init#"
req0 = urllib.request.Request(loginurl)
req0.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, lik\
e Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0')
req0data=urllib.request.urlopen(req0).read().decode("utf-8","ignore")
yzmurl="https://kyfw.12306.cn/passport/captcha/captcha-image?login_site=E&module=login&rand=sjrand"
while True:
urllib.request.urlretrieve(yzmurl,"./12306_yzm.png")
yzm=input("请输入验证码，输入第几张图片即可")
if(yzm!="re"):
break
#x坐标(35,112,173,253)，y坐标(45)
#x坐标(35,112,173,253)，y坐标(114)
pat1='"(.*?)"'
allpic=re.compile(pat1).findall(yzm)
def getxy(pic):
if(pic==1):
xy=(35,45)
if(pic==2):
xy=(112,45)
if(pic==3):
xy=(173,45)
if(pic==4):
xy=(253,45)
if(pic==5):
xy=(35,114)
if(pic==6):
xy=(112,114)
if(pic==7):
xy=(173,114)
if(pic==8):
xy=(253,114)
return xy
allpicpos=""
for i in allpic:
thisxy=getxy(int(i))
for j in thisxy:
allpicpos=allpicpos+str(j)+","
allpicpos2=re.compile("(.*?).$").findall(allpicpos)[0]
print(allpicpos2)
#post验证码验证
yzmposturl="https://kyfw.12306.cn/passport/captcha/captcha-check"
yzmpostdata =urllib.parse.urlencode({
"answer":allpicpos2,
"rand":"sjrand",
"login_site":"E",
}).encode('utf-8')
req1 = urllib.request.Request(yzmposturl,yzmpostdata)
req1.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, lik\
e Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0')
req1data=urllib.request.urlopen(req1).read().decode("utf-8","ignore")
#post账号密码验证
loginposturl="https://kyfw.12306.cn/passport/web/login"
loginpostdata =urllib.parse.urlencode({
"username":myuser,
"password":mypasswd,
"appid":"otn",
}).encode('utf-8')
req2 = urllib.request.Request(loginposturl,loginpostdata)
req2.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, lik\
e Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0')
req2data=urllib.request.urlopen(req2).read().decode("utf-8","ignore")
#其他验证
loginposturl2="https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/login/userLogin"
loginpostdata2 =urllib.parse.urlencode({
"_json_att":"",
}).encode('utf-8')
req2_2 = urllib.request.Request(loginposturl2,loginpostdata2)
req2_2.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, lik\
e Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0')
req2data_2=urllib.request.urlopen(req2_2).read().decode("utf-8","ignore")
loginposturl3="https://kyfw.12306.cn/passport/web/auth/uamtk"
loginpostdata3 =urllib.parse.urlencode({
"appid":"otn",
}).encode('utf-8')
req2_3 = urllib.request.Request(loginposturl3,loginpostdata3)
req2_3.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, lik\
e Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0')
req2data_3=urllib.request.urlopen(req2_3).read().decode("utf-8","ignore")
pat_req2='"newapptk":"(.*?)"'
tk=re.compile(pat_req2,re.S).findall(req2data_3)[0]
loginposturl4="https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/uamauthclient"
loginpostdata4 =urllib.parse.urlencode({
"tk":tk,
}).encode('utf-8')
req2_4 = urllib.request.Request(loginposturl4,loginpostdata4)
req2_4.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, lik\
e Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0')
req2data_4=urllib.request.urlopen(req2_4).read().decode("utf-8","ignore")
#爬个人中心页面
centerurl="https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/index/initMy12306"
req3 = urllib.request.Request(centerurl)
req3.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, lik\
e Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0')
req3data=urllib.request.urlopen(req3).read().decode("utf-8","ignore")
print("登陆完成")
#isdo="1"
isdo=input("如果需要订票，请输入1继续，否则请输入其他数据")
if(isdo==1 or isdo=="1"):
pass
else:
raise Exception("输入不是1，结束执行")
thiscode=input("请输入要预定的车次：")
chooseno="None"
#chooseno="1"
while True:
try:
#订票
#先初始化一下订票界面
initurl="https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/init"
reqinit=urllib.request.Request(initurl)
reqinit.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.3\
6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0')
initdata=urllib.request.urlopen(reqinit).read().decode("utf-8","ignore")
#再爬对应订票信息
bookurl="https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/query?leftTicketDTO.train_date="+date+"&leftTi\
cketDTO.from_station="+start+"&leftTicketDTO.to_station="+to+"&purpose_codes="+student
req4 = urllib.request.Request(bookurl)
req4.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHT\
ML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0')
req4data=urllib.request.urlopen(req4).read().decode("utf-8","ignore")
#存储车次与secretStr信息
patrst01='"result":\[(.*?)\]'
rst01=re.compile(patrst01).findall(req4data)[0]
allcheci=rst01.split(",")
checimap_pat='"map":({.*?})'
checimap=eval(re.compile(checimap_pat).findall(req4data)[0])
code=[]
secretStr=[]
zy=[]
for i in range(0,len(allcheci)):
try:
thischeci=allcheci[i].split("|")
#print(thischeci)
#[3]---code
thiscode1=thischeci[3]
code.append(thiscode1)
#[0]---secretStr
secretStr.append(thischeci[0].replace('"',""))
#[31]-zy
thiszy=thischeci[31]
zy.append(thiszy)
except Exception as err:
pass
#用字典trainzy存储车次有没有票的信息
trainzy={}
for i in range(0,len(code)):
trainzy[code[i]]=zy[i]
#用字典traindata存储车次secretStr信息，以供后续订票操作
#存储的格式是：traindata={"车次1":secretStr1,"车次2":secretStr2,…}
traindata={}
for i in range(0,len(code)):
traindata[code[i]]=secretStr[i]
#订票-第1次post-主要进行确认用户状态
checkurl="https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/login/checkUser"
checkdata =urllib.parse.urlencode({
"_json_att":""
}).encode('utf-8')
req5 = urllib.request.Request(checkurl,checkdata)
req5.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.3\
6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0')
req5data=urllib.request.urlopen(req5).read().decode("utf-8","ignore")
#自动得到当前时间并转为年-月-格式，因为后面请求数据需要用到当前时间作为返程时间backdate
backdate=datetime.datetime.now()
backdate=backdate.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
#订票-第2次post-主要进行“预订”提交
submiturl="https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/submitOrderRequest"
submitdata =urllib.parse.urlencode({
"secretStr":traindata[thiscode],
"train_date":date,
"back_train_date":backdate,
"tour_flag":"dc",
"purpose_codes":student,
"query_from_station_name":start1,
"query_to_station_name":to1,
})
submitdata2=submitdata.replace("%25","%")
submitdata3=submitdata2.encode('utf-8')
req6 = urllib.request.Request(submiturl,submitdata3)
req6.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.3\
6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0')
req6data=urllib.request.urlopen(req6).read().decode("utf-8","ignore")
#订票-第3次post-主要获取Token、leftTicketStr、key_check_isChange、train_location
initdcurl="https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/initDc"
initdcdata =urllib.parse.urlencode({
"_json_att":""
}).encode('utf-8')
req7 = urllib.request.Request(initdcurl,initdcdata)
req7.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.3\
6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0')
req7data=urllib.request.urlopen(req7).read().decode("utf-8","ignore")
#获取train_no、leftTicketStr、fromStationTelecode、toStationTelecode、train_location
train_no_pat="'train_no':'(.*?)'"
leftTicketStr_pat="'leftTicketStr':'(.*?)'"
fromStationTelecode_pat="from_station_telecode':'(.*?)'"
toStationTelecode_pat="'to_station_telecode':'(.*?)'"
train_location_pat="'train_location':'(.*?)'"
pattoken="var globalRepeatSubmitToken.*?'(.*?)'"
patkey="'key_check_isChange':'(.*?)'"
train_no_all=re.compile(train_no_pat).findall(req7data)
if(len(train_no_all)!=0):
train_no=train_no_all[0]
else:
raise Exception("train_no获取失败")
leftTicketStr_all=re.compile(leftTicketStr_pat).findall(req7data)
if(len(leftTicketStr_all)!=0):
leftTicketStr=leftTicketStr_all[0]
else:
raise Exception("leftTicketStr获取失败")
fromStationTelecode_all=re.compile(fromStationTelecode_pat).findall(req7data)
if(len(fromStationTelecode_all)!=0):
fromStationTelecode=fromStationTelecode_all[0]
else:
raise Exception("fromStationTelecod获取失败")
toStationTelecode_all=re.compile(toStationTelecode_pat).findall(req7data)
if(len(toStationTelecode_all)!=0):
toStationTelecode=toStationTelecode_all[0]
else:
raise Exception("toStationTelecode获取失败")
train_location_all=re.compile(train_location_pat).findall(req7data)
if(len(train_location_all)!=0):
train_location=train_location_all[0]
else:
raise Exception("train_location获取失败")
tokenall=re.compile(pattoken).findall(req7data)
if(len(tokenall)!=0):
token=tokenall[0]
else:
raise Exception("Token获取失败")
keyall=re.compile(patkey).findall(req7data)
if(len(keyall)!=0):
key=keyall[0]
else:
raise Exception("key_check_isChange获取失败")
#还需要获取train_location
pattrain_location="'tour_flag':'dc','train_location':'(.*?)'"
train_locationall=re.compile(pattrain_location).findall(req7data)
if(len(train_locationall)!=0):
train_location=train_locationall[0]
else:
raise Exception("train_location获取失败")
#自动post网址4-获取乘客信息
getuserurl="https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/getPassengerDTOs"
getuserdata =urllib.parse.urlencode({
"REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN":token,
}).encode('utf-8')
req8 = urllib.request.Request(getuserurl,getuserdata)
req8.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.3\
6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0')
req8data=urllib.request.urlopen(req8).read().decode("utf-8","ignore")
#获取用户信息
#提取姓名
namepat='"passenger_name":"(.*?)"'
#提取身份证
idpat='"passenger_id_no":"(.*?)"'
#提取手机号
mobilepat='"mobile_no":"(.*?)"'
#提取对应乘客所在的国家
countrypat='"country_code":"(.*?)"'
nameall=re.compile(namepat).findall(req8data)
idall=re.compile(idpat).findall(req8data)
mobileall=re.compile(mobilepat).findall(req8data)
countryall=re.compile(countrypat).findall(req8data)
#选择乘客
if(chooseno!="None"):
pass
else:
#输出乘客信息，由于可能有多位乘客，所以通过循环输出
for i in range(0,len(nameall)):
print("第"+str(i+1)+"位用户,姓名:"+str(nameall[i]))
chooseno=input("请选择要订票的用户的序号，此处只能选择一位哦，如需选择多\
位，可以自行修改一下代码")
#thisno为对应乘客的下标，比序号少1，比如序号为1的乘客在列表中的下标为0
thisno=int(chooseno)-1
if(trainzy[thiscode]=="无"):
print("当前无票，继续监控…")
continue
#总请求1-点击提交后步骤1-确认订单(在此只定二等座，座位类型为1，如需选择多种类型座位，可
#以自行修改一下代码使用if判断一下即可)
checkOrderurl="https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/checkOrderInfo"
checkdata=urllib.parse.urlencode({
"cancel_flag":2,
"bed_level_order_num":"000000000000000000000000000000",
"passengerTicketStr":"M,0,1,"+str(nameall[thisno])+",1,"+str(idall[thisno])+",\
"+str(mobileall[thisno])+",N",
"oldPassengerStr":str(nameall[thisno])+",1,"+str(idall[thisno])+",1_",
"tour_flag":"dc",
"randCode":"",
"whatsSelect":1,
"_json_att":"",
"REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN":token,
}).encode('utf-8')
req9 = urllib.request.Request(checkOrderurl,checkdata)
req9.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KH\
TML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0')
req9data=urllib.request.urlopen(req9).read().decode("utf-8","ignore")
print("确认订单完成，即将进行下一步")
#总请求2-点击提交后步骤2-获取队列
getqueurl="https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/getQueueCount"
#checkdata=checkOrderdata.encode('utf-8')
#将日期转为格林时间
#先将字符串转为常规时间格式
thisdatestr=date#需要的买票时间
thisdate=datetime.datetime.strptime(thisdatestr,"%Y-%m-%d").date()
#再转为对应的格林时间
gmt='%a+%b+%d+%Y'
thisgmtdate=thisdate.strftime(gmt)
#将leftstr2转成指定格式
leftstr2=leftTicketStr.replace("%","%25")
getquedata="train_date="+str(thisgmtdate)+"+00%3A00%3A00+GMT%2B0800&train_no="+train_no+"&sta\
tionTrainCode="+thiscode+"&seatType=M&fromStationTelecode="+fromStationTelecode+"&toStationTelecod\
e="+toStationTelecode+"&leftTicket="+leftstr2+"&purpose_codes=00&train_location="+train_location+"&_j\
son_att=&REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN="+str(token)
getdata=getquedata.encode('utf-8')
req10 = urllib.request.Request(getqueurl,getdata)
req10.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTM\
L, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0')
req10data=urllib.request.urlopen(req10).read().decode("utf-8","ignore")
print("获取订单队列完成，即将进行下一步")
#总请求3-确认步骤1-配置确认提交
confurl="https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/confirmSingleForQueue"
confdata2=urllib.parse.urlencode({
"passengerTicketStr":"M,0,1,"+str(nameall[thisno])+",1,"+str(idall[thisno])+",\
"+str(mobileall[thisno])+",N",
"oldPassengerStr":str(nameall[thisno])+",1,"+str(idall[thisno])+",1_",
"randCode":"",
"purpose_codes":"00",
"key_check_isChange":key,
"leftTicketStr":leftTicketStr,
"train_location":train_location,
"choose_seats":"",
"seatDetailType":"000",
"whatsSelect":"1",
"roomType":"00",
"dwAll":"N",
"_json_att":"",
"REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN":token,
}).encode('utf-8')
req11 = urllib.request.Request(confurl,confdata2)
req11.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.3\
6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0')
req11data=urllib.request.urlopen(req11).read().decode("utf-8","ignore")
print("配置确认提交完成，即将进行下一步")
time1=time.time()
while True:
#总请求4-确认步骤2-获取orderid
time2=time.time()
if((time2-time1)//60>5):
print("获取orderid超时，正在进行新一次抢购")
break
getorderidurl="https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/queryOrderWaitTime?random="+str(int(time.time()*1000))+"&tourFlag=dc&_json_att=&REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN="+str(token)
req12 = urllib.request.Request(getorderidurl)
req12.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0')
req12data=urllib.request.urlopen(req12).read().decode("utf-8","ignore")
patorderid='"orderId":"(.*?)"'
orderidall=re.compile(patorderid).findall(req12data)
if(len(orderidall)==0):
print("未获取到orderid，正在进行新一次的请求。")
continue
else:
orderid=orderidall[0]
break
print("获取orderid完成，即将进行下一步")
#总请求5-确认步骤3-请求结果
resulturl="https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/resultOrderForDcQueue"
resultdata="orderSequence_no="+orderid+"&_json_att=&REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN="+str(token)
resultdata2=resultdata.encode('utf-8')
req13 = urllib.request.Request(resulturl,resultdata2)
req13.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0')
req13data=urllib.request.urlopen(req13).read().decode("utf-8","ignore")
print("请求结果完成，即将进行下一步")
try:
#总请求6-确认步骤4-支付接口页面
payurl="https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn//payOrder/init"
paydata="_json_att=&REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN="+str(token)
paydata2=paydata.encode('utf-8')
req14 = urllib.request.Request(payurl,paydata2)
req14.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0')
req14data=urllib.request.urlopen(req14).read().decode("utf-8","ignore")
print("订单已经完成提交，您可以登录后台进行支付了。")
break
except Exception as err:
break
except Exception as err:
print(err)