Android 6.0运行时权限
1. 官网上介绍
此版本引入了一种新的权限模式，如今，用户可直接在运行时管理应用权限。这种模式让用户能够更好地了解和控制权限，同时为应用开发者精简了安装和自动更新过程。用户可为所安装的各个应用分别授予或撤销权限。
对于以 Android 6.0（API 级别 23）或更高版本为目标平台的应用，请务必在运行时检查和请求权限。要确定您的应用是否已被授予权限，请调用新增的 checkSelfPermission()方法。要请求权限，请调用新增的 requestPermissions()方法。即使您的应用并不以 Android 6.0（API 级别 23）为目标平台，您也应该在新权限模式下测试您的应用。
2. 危险权限和普通权限
在target 版本大于23的时候，并不是所有的权限都需要动态申请，只有系统认为是危险的权限，才需要去在用户使用到的时候去申请。
使用 adb 工具从命令行管理权限
按组列出权限和状态：
adb shell pm list permissions -d -g
group:com.google.android.gms.permission.CAR_INFORMATION
permission:com.google.android.gms.permission.CAR_VENDOR_EXTENSION
permission:com.google.android.gms.permission.CAR_MILEAGE
permission:com.google.android.gms.permission.CAR_FUEL
group:android.permission-group.CONTACTS
permission:android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS
permission:android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS
permission:android.permission.READ_CONTACTS
group:android.permission-group.PHONE
permission:android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG
permission:android.permission.ANSWER_PHONE_CALLS
permission:android.permission.READ_PHONE_NUMBERS
permission:android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE
permission:android.permission.CALL_PHONE
permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG
permission:android.permission.USE_SIP
permission:android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS
permission:com.android.voicemail.permission.ADD_VOICEMAIL
group:android.permission-group.CALENDAR
permission:android.permission.READ_CALENDAR
permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR
group:android.permission-group.CAMERA
permission:android.permission.CAMERA
group:android.permission-group.SENSORS
permission:android.permission.BODY_SENSORS
group:android.permission-group.LOCATION
permission:android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
permission:com.google.android.gms.permission.CAR_SPEED
permission:android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
group:android.permission-group.STORAGE
permission:android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
permission:android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
group:com.sina.weibo.permission-group
permission:com.sina.weibo.permission.USER
group:android.permission-group.MICROPHONE
permission:android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO
group:android.permission-group.SMS
permission:android.permission.READ_SMS
permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH
permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS
permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS
permission:android.permission.SEND_SMS
permission:android.permission.READ_CELL_BROADCASTS
ungrouped:
permission:org.fidoalliance.uaf.permissions.ACT_AS_WEB_BROWSER
permission:com.google.android.providers.talk.permission.WRITE_ONLY
permission:com.huawei.pushagent.permission.RICHMEDIA_PROVIDER
permission:com.huawei.permission.ACCESS_FM
permission:com.huawei.motion.permission.MOTION_EX
permission:org.fidoalliance.uaf.permissions.FIDO_CLIENT
permission:com.google.android.providers.talk.permission.READ_ONLY
permission:com.huawei.hilinkapp.permission.ACTION_BROADCAST
permission:com.huawei.contacts.permission.CHOOSE_SUBSCRIPTION
使用以下语法授予或撤销一项或多项权限：
adb shell pm [grant|revoke] <permission.name> … #F44336
3. 申请权限的API
（1）.判断权限是否申请过
ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission
（2）.申请权限
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions
（3）.可以推断出用户选择了“不在提示”选项，在这种情况下需要引导用户至设置页手动授权
ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale
1.上次选择禁止并勾选：下次不在询问 false
2.第一次打开App时 false
3.上次弹出权限点击了禁止（但没有勾选“下次不在询问”） true
4. 申请单个权限的例子
- 清单文件注册权限
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CALL_PHONE"></uses-permission>
- 布局文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context="camera.test.com.perssion.MainActivity">
<Button
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="申请打电话动态权限"
android:onClick="requsetCall"
/>
</LinearLayout>
- 申请权限的代码
package camera.test.com.perssion;
import android.Manifest;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;
import android.support.v4.content.ContextCompat;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
}
/**
* 申请打电话权限
*/
int requestCodes = 1;
public void requsetCall(View view) {
//判断权限是否申请过
//系统运行环境小于6.0不需要权限申请
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
Toast.makeText(this, "目标版本不是23不需要申请权限，去做想做的事情BA！", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
return;
}
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
//申请权限
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE}, requestCodes);
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "权限申请通过去做想做的事情把！", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
if (requestCode == requestCodes) {
if (grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
Toast.makeText(this, "权限申请通过去做想做的事情把！", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "权限没有申请通过！", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
// 权限没有申请通过判断拒绝权限的情况
// 1.上次选择禁止并勾选：下次不在询问 false
// 2.第一次打开App时 false
// 3.上次弹出权限点击了禁止（但没有勾选“下次不在询问”） true
if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this, permissions[0])) {
//没有勾选不在询问的选项
Toast.makeText(this, "没有勾选不在询问的选项！重新去请求权限", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{permissions[0]}, requestCodes);
} else {
//勾选不在询问的选项
Toast.makeText(this, "勾选不在询问的选项！", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
}
}
}
5 5. 申请多个权限的例子
public String[] perssions = new String[]{
Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE,
Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION,
Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
};
public void requsetMoreCall(View view) {
List<String> perssionsList = new ArrayList<>();
perssionsList.clear();
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
Toast.makeText(this, "目标版本不是23不需要申请权限，去做想做的事情BA！", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
return;
}
for (int i = 0; i < perssions.length; i++) {
if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, perssions[i]) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
perssionsList.add(perssions[i]);
}
}
if (!perssionsList.isEmpty()) {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, perssionsList.toArray(new String[perssionsList.size()]), requestCodeAll);
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "权限申请全部申请通过去做想做的事情把！", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
if (requestCode == requestCodeAll) {
List<String> result = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < grantResults.length; i++) {
if (grantResults[i] != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
result.add(permissions[i]);
}
}
if (!result.isEmpty()) {
//权限没有申请通过
String[] requestperssions = result.toArray(new String[result.size()]);
List<String> reRequestPerssion = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < requestperssions.length; i++) {
if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this, requestperssions[i])) {
reRequestPerssion.add(requestperssions[i]);
}
}
if (!reRequestPerssion.isEmpty()) {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, result.toArray(new String[result.size()]), requestCodeAll);
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "勾选不在询问的选项111111！", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "权限申请全部通过去做想做的事情把！", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
}
5. 权限封装工具类
package camera.test.com.perssion.perssionUtils;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;
import android.support.v4.content.ContextCompat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/**
* Created by zhang on 2018/12/19.
*/
public class PermissionUtils {
/**
* 普通的拒绝，没有勾选不在提示
*/
public static final int REQUESTFLAGDENIED = 2;
/**
* 拒绝勾选了不在提示
*/
public static final int REQUESTFLAGDENIEDNOASK = 3;
/**
* requestPermissions single
* shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale
* 1.上次选择禁止并勾选：下次不在询问 false
* 2.第一次打开App时 false
* 3.上次弹出权限点击了禁止（但没有勾选“下次不在询问”） true
*
* @param mActivity
* @param permission
* @param requestCode
* @param requestPermissionsCallBcak
*/
public static void requestPermissions(Activity mActivity, String permission, int requestCode, RequestPermissionsCallBcak requestPermissionsCallBcak) {
//判断权限是否开启
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(mActivity, permission) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
mActivity.requestPermissions(new String[]{permission}, requestCode);
} else {
//已经拥有权限，可以做自己想做的操作
requestPermissionsCallBcak.requestPermissionsSucesss(requestCode);
}
}
/**
* 单个权限提示
*
* @param requestCode
* @param permissions
* @param grantResults
* @param requestPermissionsCallBcak
*/
public static void onRequestPermissionsResult(Activity mActivity, int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults, RequestPermissionsCallBcak requestPermissionsCallBcak) {
if (grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
//权限开启成功
requestPermissionsCallBcak.requestPermissionsSucesss(requestCode);
} else {
//权限开始失败
if (!ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(mActivity, permissions[0])) {
requestPermissionsCallBcak.requestPermissionfailure(REQUESTFLAGDENIED, requestCode);
} else {
requestPermissionsCallBcak.requestPermissionfailure(REQUESTFLAGDENIEDNOASK, requestCode);
}
}
}
/**
* 申请多个权限的问题
*
* @param mActivity
* @param permissions
* @param requestCode
* @param requestPermissionsCallBcak
*/
public static void requestPermissions(Activity mActivity, String[] permissions, int requestCode, RequestPermissionsCallBcak requestPermissionsCallBcak) {
List<String> permissionLists = new ArrayList<>();
for (String permission : permissions) {
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(mActivity, permission) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
permissionLists.add(permission);
}
}
if (!permissionLists.isEmpty()) {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(mActivity, permissionLists.toArray(new String[permissionLists.size()]), requestCode);
} else {
//表示全都授权了
requestPermissionsCallBcak.requestPermissionsSucesss(requestCode);
}
}
/**
* 多个权限
*
* @param requestCode
* @param permissions
* @param grantResults
* @param requestPermissionsCallBcak
*/
public static void onRequestPermissionsResults(Activity mActivity, int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults, RequestPermissionsCallBcak requestPermissionsCallBcak) {
if (grantResults.length > 0) {
//存放没授权的权限
List<String> deniedPermissions = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < grantResults.length; i++) {
if (grantResults[i] != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
deniedPermissions.add(permissions[i]);
}
}
if (deniedPermissions.isEmpty()) {
requestPermissionsCallBcak.requestPermissionsSucesss(requestCode);
} else {
for (String deniedPermission : deniedPermissions) {
if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(mActivity, deniedPermission)) {
requestPermissionsCallBcak.requestPermissionfailure(REQUESTFLAGDENIED, deniedPermissions);
return;
}
}
requestPermissionsCallBcak.requestPermissionfailure(REQUESTFLAGDENIEDNOASK, deniedPermissions);
}
}
}
}
回调接口
package camera.test.com.perssion.perssionUtils;
/**
* Created by zhang on 2018/12/19.
*/
public interface RequestPermissionsCallBcak<T extends Object> {
/**
* 权限申请成功回调
*/
void requestPermissionsSucesss(int requestCode);
/**
* 权限申请失败回调
*/
void requestPermissionfailure(int errorCode, T requestCode);
}
6. 权限申请工具类使用
（1） Acticity 实现接口
（2） 调用工具类中的权限申请方法
PermissionUtils.requestPermissions(this,perssions,3,this);
（3） onRequestPermissionsResult 中调用
PermissionUtils.onRequestPermissionsResults
（4） RequestPermissionsCallBcak 接口中处理权限成功失败的操作
失败操作 errorCode 普通拒绝，可以在申请权限，errorCode=3标识权限拒绝，并且点击了不再提示
