web前端Vue+Django rest framework 框架 生鲜电商项目实战
1.drf前期准备
1.django-rest-framework官方文档
https://www.django-rest-framework.org/
#直接百度找到的djangorestframework的官网是打不开的
2.安装依赖包
如图所示，django restframework的依赖模块，除了coreapi和django-guardian，已经在前面安装过了。
打开终端，执行安装命令
pip install django-guardian
pip install coreapi
3.将rest_framework在settings中注册
4.管理调试api的时候会用到的url配置，在urls.py中
from django.urls import path
from django.views.static import serve
from MxShop.settings import MEDIA_ROOT
from django.urls import include
import xadmin
from rest_framework.documentation import include_docs_urls
from goods.views import GoodsListView
urlpatterns = [
path('xadmin/', xadmin.site.urls),
path('media/<path:path>',serve,{'document_root':MEDIA_ROOT}),
path('ueditor/',include('DjangoUeditor.urls' )),
path('docs/',include_docs_urls(title="慕学生鲜")),
path('api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls')),
path('goods/',GoodsListView.as_view(),name='goods-list'),
]
2.序列化商品数据
在goods目录下新建serializers.py文件
from rest_framework import serializers
from goods.models import Goods,GoodsCategory
class GoodsSerializer(serializers.Serializer):#Serializer方式序列化
name=serializers.CharField(required=True,max_length=100)
click_num=serializers.IntegerField(default=0)
goods_front_image=serializers.ImageField()
# 用于post
def create(self, validated_data):
return Goods.objects.create(**validated_data)
class CategoryModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model=GoodsCategory
fields="__all__"#将整个表的所有字段都序列化
class GoodsModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):#ModelSerializer方式序列化
category=CategoryModelSerializer()#外键信息嵌入
class Meta:
model=Goods
# fields="__all__"#将整个表的所有字段都序列化
fields=('name','goods_front_image','category')#指定序列化某些字段
3.视图封装
1.使用APIView+Response实现商品列表页视图（最想原生django的CBV写法）
views.py中
from .serializers import GoodsSerializer,GoodsModelSerializer
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from .models import Goods
from rest_framework import status
class GoodsListView1(APIView):
"""
List all goods，使用Serializer
"""
def get(self, request, format=None):
goods=Goods.objects.all()[:10]
goods_serializer = GoodsSerializer(goods, many=True)
return Response(goods_serializer.data)
def post(self,request,format=None):
serializer=GoodsSerializer(data=request.data)
if serializer.is_valid():
serializer.save()
return Response(serializer.data,status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
return Response(serializer.errors,status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
class GoodsListView2(APIView):
"""
List all goods，使用ModelSerializer
"""
def get(self, request, format=None):
goods=Goods.objects.all()[:10]
goods_serializer = GoodsModelSerializer(goods, many=True)
return Response(goods_serializer.data)
urls.py中
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from django.views.static import serve
from MxShop.settings import MEDIA_ROOT
import xadmin
from goods.views import GoodsListView1,GoodsListView2
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('xadmin/', xadmin.site.urls),
path('media/<path:path>',serve,{'document_root':MEDIA_ROOT}),
path('ueditor/',include('DjangoUeditor.urls' )),
path('goods/',GoodsListView1.as_view(),name='goods-list'),
path('goods2/',GoodsListView2.as_view(),name='goods-list2')
]
2.使用mixins+generic实现商品列表页视图
from .serializers import GoodsSerializer
from .models import Goods
from rest_framework import mixins
from rest_framework import generics
class GoodsListView(mixins.ListModelMixin,generics.GenericAPIView):
"""
商品列表页
"""
queryset = Goods.objects.get_queryset().order_by('id')[:10]
serializer_class = GoodsSerializer
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
return self.list(request,*args,**kwargs)
3.使用generics.ListAPIView实现商品列表页视图
from .serializers import GoodsSerializer
from .models import Goods
from rest_framework import generics
class GoodsListView(generics.ListAPIView):
"""
商品列表页
"""
queryset = Goods.objects.get_queryset().order_by('id')
serializer_class = GoodsSerializer
4.分页
1.全局分页：在settings中加入代码，所有的列表页，都会变成每10个一页的分页方式，显然这有很大的局限性
REST_FRAMEWORK={
'DEFAULT_PAGINATION_CLASS': 'rest_framework.pagination.PageNumberPagination',
'PAGE_SIZE': 10,
}
2.局部定制化分页：在view中定义代码
from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination
class GoodsPagination(PageNumberPagination):
page_size = 10
page_size_query_param = 'page_size'
page_query_param = 'p'
max_page_size = 100
class GoodsListView(generics.ListAPIView):
"""
商品列表页
"""
queryset = Goods.objects.get_queryset().order_by('id')
serializer_class = GoodsSerializer
pagination_class = GoodsPagination
5.viewsets
1.在views中
from rest_framework import viewsets
class GoodsListViewSet(mixins.ListModelMixin,viewsets.GenericViewSet):
"""
商品列表页
"""
queryset = Goods.objects.get_queryset().order_by('id')
serializer_class = GoodsSerializer
pagination_class = GoodsPagination
2.在urls中
from goods.views import GoodsListViewSet
from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter
router = DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'goods', GoodsListViewSet,base_name="goods")
urlpatterns = [ path('', include(router.urls)) ]