openpyxl模块介绍

openpyxl模块是一个读写Excel 2010文档的Python库，如果要处理更早格式的Excel文档，需要用到额外的库，openpyxl是一个比较综合的工具，能够同时读取和修改Excel文档。其他很多的与Excel相关的项目基本只支持读或者写Excel一种功能。

安装openpyxl模块

openpyxl是一个开源项目，这里使用如下命令安装openpyxl模块

pip3 install openpyxl

一.作成Excel文件

1.作成空的excel

import openpyxl

if __name__ == '__main__': #作成一个新的空的Excel wb = openpyxl.Workbook() # 保存 wb.save('example.xlsx')

2.变更默认sheet页的名称

import openpyxl

if __name__ == '__main__': wb = openpyxl.Workbook #当前打开的sheet页 wb.active ws = wb.active # 更改默认名称Sheet` ws.title = "WorkSheetTitle" # 保存 wb.save('example.xlsx')

3.作成含多个sheet页的Excel

import openpyxl

if __name__ == '__main__': wb = openpyxl.Workbook() #当前打开的sheet页 wb.active ws = wb.active # #更改默认名称Sheet` ws.title = "WorkSheetTitle" # 定义第二个sheet页 ws2 = wb.create_sheet("NewWorkSheet2") # 定义第三个sheet页 # `0` 的设定 会将该sheet页 置于wb最前面 ws3 = wb.create_sheet("NewWorkSheet3", 0) # 保存 wb.save('example.xlsx')

4.sheet页WS的tab颜色变更

import openpyxl

if __name__ == '__main__': wb = openpyxl.Workbook() ws = wb.active # 更改默认名称Sheet` ws.title = "WorkSheetTitle" # WS的tab颜色设定 ws.sheet_properties.tabColor = "1072BA" # 保存 wb.save('example.xlsx')

二.单元格赋值

1.指定坐标


if __name__ == '__main__':
    
    wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
    ws = wb.active

    # 更改默认名称Sheet`
    ws.title = "WorkSheetTitle"

    # 给单元格赋值
    ws["A1"] = "HOGE"
    ws["B1"] = "FUGA"

    # 保存
    wb.save('example.xlsx')

2.指定行列


if __name__ == '__main__':
    
    wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
    ws = wb.active

    # 更改默认名称Sheet`
    ws.title = "WorkSheetTitle"

    # 指定行列给单元格赋值
    ws.cell(row=4, column=2, value=10)

    # 保存
    wb.save('example.xlsx')

3.指定范围

import openpyxl

if __name__ == '__main__':
    
    wb = openpyxl.Workbook() ws = wb.active # 更改默认名称Sheet` ws.title = "worksheettitle" # 指定行列给单元格赋值 v = 0 for i in range(1,10): for n in range(1,10): ws.cell(row=i, column=n, value=v) v += 1 # 保存 wb.save('example.xlsx')

4.一次输出行

import openpyxl

# column名
column_title = ["FirstName", "LastName"] if __name__ == '__main__': """ CELL放入值 """ wb = openpyxl.Workbook() ws = wb.active # 更改默认名称Sheet` ws.title = "worksheettitle" # column名和値顺序放入单元格中 rows = [ column_title, ["Tarou", "Tanaka"], ["Tarou", "Suzuki"], ["Tarou", "Uchiayama"], ] for row in rows: ws.append(row) # 保存 wb.save('example.xlsx')

一次输出行运行结果

5.单元格内换行

import openpyxl

if __name__ == '__main__': """ 单元格内换行 """ wb = openpyxl.Workbook() ws = wb.active # 更改默认名称Sheet` ws.title = "WorkSheetTitle" # 单元格内换行 ws['A1'] = "A\nB\nC" ws['A1'].alignment = openpyxl.styles.Alignment(wrapText=True) # 保存 wb.save('example.xlsx')

单元格内换行运行结果图

三.设置单元格的style

1.style文稿

https://openpyxl.readthedocs.io/en/default/styles.html#cell-styles-and-named-styles

2.设置字体font

import openpyxl

if __name__ == '__main__': """ 设置字体font """ wb = openpyxl.Workbook() ws = wb.active # 更改默认名称Sheet` ws.title = "worksheettitle" # 设置font font = openpyxl.styles.Font( name = "宋体", size = 15, ) a1 = ws["A1"] a1.font = font a1.value = "TEST" # 保存 wb.save('example.xlsx')

3.单元格边框border

import openpyxl
from openpyxl.styles import Border, Side if __name__ == '__main__': """ 设置单元格style """ wb = openpyxl.Workbook() ws = wb.active # 更改默认名称Sheet` ws.title = "worksheettitle" # 设置单元格border的style border = Border( left=Side( border_style="thin", color="FF0000" ), right=Side( border_style="thin", color="FF0000" ), top=Side( border_style="thin", color="FF0000" ), bottom=Side( border_style="thin", color="FF0000" ) ) b2 = ws["B2"] b2.border = border b2.value = "TEST" # 保存 wb.save('example.xlsx')

单元格边框style 运行结果图

4.合并单元格

import openpyxl

if __name__ == '__main__': wb = openpyxl.Workbook() ws = wb.active ws.title = "worksheettitle" # 合并单元格 ws.merge_cells("A1:E1") ws["A1"] = "HOGE" # 保存 wb.save('example.xlsx')

合并单元格运行效果图

5.单元格填充颜色

import openpyxl
from openpyxl.styles import PatternFill

if __name__ == '__main__': wb = openpyxl.Workbook() ws = wb.active ws.title = "worksheettitle" # 单元格填充颜色 fill = PatternFill(fill_type='solid', fgColor='FFFF0000') b2 = ws["B2"] b2.fill = fill b2.value = "TEST" # 保存 wb.save('example.xlsx')

单元格填充颜色效果图

四.hyperlink超链接

import openpyxl

if __name__ == '__main__': wb = openpyxl.Workbook() ws = wb.active ws.title = "worksheettitle" # 作成第二个sheet页 名称胃example ws2 = wb.create_sheet("example") # 设置超链接 到“example”sheet页 鼠标定格在A5单元格 ws["A1"] = "Link" ws["A1"].hyperlink = "example.xlsx#example!A5" # 保存 wb.save('example.xlsx')

五.读Excel文档

from openpyxl import Workbook, load_workbook

wb = load_workbook('./example.xlsx') ws = wb.active for row in ws: for cell in row: print(cell)

7人点赞

日记本

python的openpyxl的使用笔记