I. 查看系统版本及内核
首先查看自己的ubuntu系统的codename，这一步很重要，直接导致你更新的源是否对你的系统起效果，查看方法：
1 lsb_release -a 2 如，我的系统显示： 3 No LSB modules are available. 4 Distributor ID: Ubuntu 5 Description: Ubuntu 14.04.2 LTS 6 Release: 14.04 7 Codename: trusty 8 9 显示了一些ubuntu的版本信息，需要得到的是Codename，比如，我这里是trusty
II. 确认阿里源支持
登陆一下网页：http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/dists/
该网页显示了阿里云支持的ubuntu系统下各个Codename版本，确保自己的Codename在该网页中存在（一般都会有的）
III. 备份系统源
1 cd /etc/apt 2 sudo mv sources.list sources.list_bak
IV. 添加新的源文件
1 sudo vi sources.list
并添加以下内容：注意，每一行的trusty应该用第一步查看得到的Codename来代替
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main multiverse restricted universe deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main multiverse restricted universe deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main multiverse restricted universe deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main multiverse restricted universe
博主天线宝宝6的是xenial，所以用的是：
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
进入vi后，按 i ，然后复制一行源代码，再在Terminal右键Paste，然后按 Esc ，回车，再重复前面的操作，直至复制完最后一行，按了 Esc 后，输入 :wq 后回车存盘并退出vi。
V. 保存与更新
sudo apt-get update
VI. 以下提供配置脚本
Codename=$( (lsb_release -a)|awk '{print $2}'|tail -n 1 ) echo "\ deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ $Codename main multiverse restricted universe deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ $Codename-backports main multiverse restricted universe deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ $Codename-proposed main multiverse restricted universe deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ $Codename-security main multiverse restricted universe deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ $Codename-updates main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ $Codename main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ $Codename-backports main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ $Codename-proposed main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ $Codename-security main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ $Codename-updates main multiverse restricted universe ">sources.list apt-get update
VII. 国内镜像源内容获得方法
进入官网，在左边的列表中找到Ubuntu,点击Ubuntu右边的问号或者help
帮助文档中信息：
1 系统 版本号 名称 2 Ubuntu 16.04 xenial 3 Ubuntu 15.10 willy 4 Ubuntu 14.04 trusty 5 Ubuntu 12.04 precise 6 main,restricted,universe,multiverse区别（软件的自由度） 7 8 名称 自由度 9 main 完全的自由软件 10 restricted 不完全的自由软件 11 universe ubuntu官方不提供支持与补丁，全靠社区支持 12 muitiverse 非自由软件，完全不提供支持和补丁 13 一个源中，以下目录的作用（纯个人猜测） 14 15 名称 作用 16 dists main源存放地 17 pools security、backports等源的存放地 18 project 官方源的一个认证
国内速度较快源的网址：
清华TUNA镜像源：https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/
中科大USTC镜像源：https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/
网易163源：http://mirrors.163.com/ (全称网易开源镜像站，前身cn99源)
搜狐源，其中ubuntu 源是在中国的官方源：http://mirrors.sohu.com/
北京交通大学源：http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/cn/
VIII. ubuntu源列表（清华，阿里，官方，选一即可）
Ubuntu的源列表在/etc/apt/sources.list中，替换即可
清华的源
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main multiverse restricted universe deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main multiverse restricted universe deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main multiverse restricted universe deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main multiverse restricted universe deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main multiverse restricted universe
阿里的源
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
官方的源
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20160420.1)]/ xenial main restricted # See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to # newer versions of the distribution. deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted ## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the ## distribution. deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu ## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to ## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in ## universe WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu security ## team. deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu ## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to ## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in ## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu ## security team. deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse ## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as ## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes ## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features. ## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review ## or updates from the Ubuntu security team. deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's ## 'partner' repository. ## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the ## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users. deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner # deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted multiverse universe
文章来源于 https://www.bowu8.com/archives/235/ 及 https://www.cnblogs.com/itech/archive/2009/04/17/1438439.html
在此表以感谢！