Python3 之 爬取网站页面

Python3 抓取网页需要用到urllib.request模块

import urllib.request


def download(url, free_proxy=None, user_agent='test', num_retries=2, data=None):
    print("download开始", url)
    # 设置headers 中的用户代理,默认值是test
    headers = {"User_agent": user_agent}
    # 将用户代理添加到请求中
    request = urllib.request.Request(url, data, headers=headers)
    # 创建句柄
    opener = urllib.request.build_opener()
    # 判断如果proxy是否有值
    if free_proxy:
        # 获取ip代理协议和IP代理
        proxy_params = {urllib.request.urlparse(url).scheme: free_proxy}
        # 将IP代理设置添加到句柄中
        opener.add_handler(urllib.request.ProxyHandler(proxy_params))
    try:
        # 使用句柄的open()打开网页,read()读取内容
        html5 = opener.open(request).read()
    # 异常处理,捕获异常
    except urllib.request.URLError as e:
        # 打印异常原因
        print("download error", e.reason)
        html5 = None
        # 判断重新加载次数是否大于0
        if num_retries > 0:
            # 判断 页面code是否在500和600之间
            if hasattr(e, 'code') and 500 <= e.code < 600:
                # 调用自身
                html5 = download5(url, free_proxy, user_agent, num_retries - 1)
    # 如果没有decode('utf-8'),数据会是b''格式
    return html5.decode('utf-8')
# 示例网址
url = 'http://www.thefaceshop.com.cn/store-locations'
# 打印抓下来的网页
print(download(url))

运行结果:
运行结果

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转载自blog.csdn.net/huangyanli0808/article/details/77683967