一、更新源
笔者使用的是stretch版本，所以使用以下源，如果是其他版本设置相应的源
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/raspbian/raspbian/ stretch main contrib non-free rpi deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/raspbian/raspbian/ stretch main contrib non-free rpi
由于没有vim，所以使用nano进行修改
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
然后更新
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get upgrade
二、安装vim
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install vim
然后配置sudo vim /etc/vim/vimrc,
syntax on set tabstop=4 set softtabstop=4 set shiftwidth=4 set cindent set nu
三、扩展文件系统
sudo raspi-config
选择7 Advanced Options-->A1 Expand Filesystem，然后sudo reboot重启
四、下载依赖！！！！！！！（重要）
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade sudo apt-get install build-essential cmake pkg-config sudo apt-get install libjpeg-dev libtiff5-dev libjasper-dev libpng12-dev sudo apt-get install libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libv4l-dev sudo apt-get install libxvidcore-dev libx264-dev sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-dev libgtk-3-dev sudo apt-get install libatlas-base-dev gfortran sudo apt-get install python2.7-dev python3-dev sudo apt-get install aptitude sudo aptitude install python-dev sudo apt-get install python3-pip sudo pip3 install --upgrade pip sudo pip3 install opencv-python
安装Opencv-python报错：THESE PACKAGES DO NOT MATCH THE HASHES FROM THE REQUIREMENTS FILE. If you have updated the package versions, please update the hashes. Otherwise, examine the package contents carefully; someone may have tampered with them.
解决方法：
sudo apt-get install sudo pip3 install --upgrade opencv-python
五、安装OpenCV（3.4.0）（最重要）
安装Opencv包，如果unzip报错使用jar xvf opencv.zip
cd ~ wget -O opencv.zip https://github.com/Itseez/opencv/archive/3.4.0.zip unzip opencv.zip wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py sudo python get-pip.py sudo python3 get-pip.py
使用Python 虚拟环境避免Python2和Python3混乱问题（笔者使用Python3）
sudo pip install virtualenv virtualenvwrapper sudo rm -rf ~/.cache/pip export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs export VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=/usr/bin/python3 source /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh echo -e "\n# virtualenv and virtualenvwrapper" >> ~/.profile echo "export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs" >> ~/.profile echo "export VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=/usr/bin/python3" >> ~/.profile echo "source /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh" >> ~/.profile source ~/.profile mkvirtualenv cv -p python3
如果需要重新创建虚拟环境
source ~/.profile
workon cv
进行编译
cd ~/opencv-3.4.0/ mkdir build cd build cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local -D WITH_OPENMP=ON ..
在编译前配置交换空间大小 vim /etc/dphys-swapfile，将CONF_SWAPSIZE设置为1024，然后重新启动
sudo /etc/init.d/dphys-swapfile stop sudo /etc/init.d/dphys-swapfile start
然后进行编译
make -j4
sudo make install
sudo ldconfig
六、完成最后配置
如果安装成功，OpenCV+Pyhton应该在/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages或者是/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages，笔者是在dist-packages，所以可以通过ls -l /usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/查看。将cv2.cpython-35m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so重命名，然后进行软连接
cd /usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/ sudo mv cv2.cpython-35m-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so cv2.so
cd ~/.virtualenvs/cv/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/
ln -s /usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/cv2.so cv2.so
七、进行测试
source ~/.profile workon cv python3 >>> import cv2 >>> cv2.__version__ '3.4.4'
如果出现CV2 not find，见之前博客https://www.cnblogs.com/cc-xiao5/p/11258736.html
如果出现：ImportError: libQtTest.so.4: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory丢失包，那么
sudo apt install libqt4-test sudo apt install libqtgui4
安装其他的库
sudo pip install scipy sudo pip install scikit-image sudo pip install sklearn sudo pip install numpy