1.下载MySQL
我下载的版本：mysql-5.5.22.tar.gz
2.安装之前先卸载CentOS自带的MySQL
[root@localhost ~]# yum remove mysql
3.编译安装Cmake
下载cmake源码包：http://www.cmake.org/files/v2.8/cmake-2.8.4.tar.gz
从共享目录移至usr目录
[root@localhost ~]# mv /mnt/hgfs/Share-CentOS/cmake-2.8.4.tar.gz /usr/cmake-2.8.4.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr
解压并安装cmake
[root@localhost usr]# tar xzvf cmake-2.8.4.tar.gz
[root@localhost usr]# cd cmake-2.8.4
[root@localhost cmake-2.8.4]# ./bootstrap
---------------------------------------------
CMake 2.8.4, Copyright 2000-2009 Kitware, Inc.
---------------------------------------------
Error when bootstrapping CMake:
Cannot find appropriate C compiler on this system.
Please specify one using environment variable CC.
See cmake_bootstrap.log for compilers attempted.
---------------------------------------------
Log of errors: /usr/local/src/cmake-2.8.4/Bootstrap.cmk/cmake_bootstrap.log
---------------------------------------------
报错：缺少C的编译器
解决办法：安装gcc编译器
[root@localhost ~]# yum install gcc
继续安装Cmake
[root@localhost cmake-2.8.4]# ./bootstrap
---------------------------------------------
CMake 2.8.4, Copyright 2000-2009 Kitware, Inc.
C compiler on this system is: cc
---------------------------------------------
Error when bootstrapping CMake:
Cannot find appropriate C++ compiler on this system.
Please specify one using environment variable CXX.
See cmake_bootstrap.log for compilers attempted.
---------------------------------------------
Log of errors: /usr/local/src/cmake-2.8.4/Bootstrap.cmk/cmake_bootstrap.log
---------------------------------------------
报错：缺少C++编译器
解决办法：安装gcc-c++编译器
[root@localhost ~]# yum install gcc-c++
再次安装
[root@localhost cmake-2.8.4]# ./bootstrap
没有报错，编译安装
[root@localhost cmake-2.8.4]# gmake
[root@localhost cmake-2.8.4]# gmake install
4.正式开始安装MySQL
添加MySQL用户和用户组
[root@localhost ~]# groupadd mysql
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -g mysql mysql
MySQL源码包从共享文件夹移至/usr并解压
[root@localhost ~]mv /mnt/hgfs/Share-CentOS/mysql-5.5.22.tar.gz /usr/mysql-5.5.22.tar.gz
[root@localhost usr]# tar xzvf mysql-5.5.22.tar.gz
[root@localhost usr]# cd mysql-5.5.22
Cmake运行
[root@localhost mysql-5.5.22]# cmake .
开始编译安装
[root@localhost mysql-5.5.22]# make && make install
进入安装目录，将程序二进制的所有权改为root，数据目录的说有权改为mysql用户，更新授权表
[root@localhost mysql-5.5.22]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R root .
[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql .
[root@localhost mysql]# chgrp -R mysql .
[root@localhost mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
安全启动MySQL(默认密码为空)
[root@localhost mysql]#./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql&
报错：
120908 00:16:25 mysqld_safe Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/CentOS.err'.
120908 00:16:26 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql/data
解决方法：
[root@CentOS ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/data
[root@CentOS data]# ls -l
总用量 29744
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql root 1585 9月 8 00:16 CentOS.err
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 6 9月 8 00:16 CentOS.pid
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 18874368 9月 8 00:16 ibdata1
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 5242880 9月 8 00:16 ib_logfile0
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 5242880 9月 8 00:16 ib_logfile1
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 9月 8 00:14 mysql
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 27293 9月 8 00:14 mysql-bin.000001
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1031892 9月 8 00:14 mysql-bin.000002
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 107 9月 8 00:16 mysql-bin.000003
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 57 9月 8 00:16 mysql-bin.index
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 9月 8 00:14 performance_schema
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 9月 8 00:08 test
[root@CentOS data]# chgrp -R mysql CentOS.err
[root@CentOS data]# ls -l
总用量 29736
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1585 9月 8 00:16 CentOS.err
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 6 9月 8 00:16 CentOS.pid
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 18874368 9月 8 00:16 ibdata1
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 5242880 9月 8 00:16 ib_logfile0
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 5242880 9月 8 00:16 ib_logfile1
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 9月 8 00:14 mysql
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 27293 9月 8 00:14 mysql-bin.000001
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1031892 9月 8 00:14 mysql-bin.000002
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 107 9月 8 00:16 mysql-bin.000003
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 57 9月 8 00:16 mysql-bin.index
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 9月 8 00:14 performance_schema
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 9月 8 00:08 test
连接本机MySQL
[root@localhost mysql]#mysql –u root –p
提示输入password，默认为空，按Enter即可
断开连接
mysql>exit;
为root账户设置密码
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/bin
[root@localhost mysql]# ./bin/mysqladmin -u root password 123456
Enter Password:123456
设置选项文件，将配置文件拷贝到/etc下
[root@localhost mysql]# cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/mysql.cnf
设置开机自启动
[root@localhost mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql
通过服务来启动和关闭Mysql
[root@localhost ~]# service mysql start
[root@localhost ~]# service mysql stop
5.安装设置完毕，之后使用只需启动-连接-断开-关闭，命令如下：
[root@CentOS mysql]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL.. [确定]
[root@CentOS mysql]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.22 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.07 sec)
mysql> exit;
Bye
[root@CentOS mysql]# service mysql stop
Shutting down MySQL. [确定]
6.其它：
查看进程命令 ps –ef|grep mysqld
kill进程命令 kill –9 进程号
==================================================================
全新以最小化包安装了64位的CentOS6.3系统，作为本地的Web服务器使用，现记录全过程
第六步，安装mysql5.5数据库v5.5.28
mysql从5.5版本开始，不再使用./configure编译，而是使用cmake编译器，具体的cmake编译参数可以参考mysql官网文档(※ 非常重要)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/source-configuration-options.html
mysql-5.5.28.tar.gz源码包下载地址：
http://cdn.mysql.com/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.28.tar.gz
我的mysql目录配置如下：
安装路径：/usr/local/mysql
数据库路径：/data/mysql
源码包存放位置：/usr/software
准备工作：安装基本依赖包，先用yum安装cmake、automake 、autoconf ，另MySQL 5.5.x需要最少安装的包有：bison,gcc、gcc-c++、ncurses-devel
[root@localhost ~]# yum install cmake make -y
[root@localhost ~]# yum install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf bison automake zlib* fiex* libxml* ncurses-devel libmcrypt* libtool-ltdl-devel* -y
[root@localhost ~]# cp /root/mysql-5.5.28.tar.gz /usr/software/
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/software
开始编译安装
[root@localhost ~]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.5.28.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# cd mysql-5.5.28
[root@localhost ~]# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/data/mysql/mysql.sock \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS:STRING=utf8,gbk \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql/ \
-DMYSQL_USER=mysql \
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306
[root@localhost ~]# make && make install
mysql官网英文文档简单翻译说明一下
The MyISAM, MERGE, MEMORY, and CSV engines are mandatory (always compiled into the server) and need not be installed explicitly.（说明：mysql默认支持的数据库引擎有MyISAM, MERGE, MEMORY, CSV，无需在编译时再声明）
所以上面的编译条件省掉了如下两行
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
但INNODB一定要声明式安装，所以多了这一行
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
查看mysql.mysql的用户及组是否存在
==================================================================
1.安装准备
配置防火墙，开启3306端口：
[root@localhost src]# vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT
注：这条规则应该添加到默认22端口的后面。(如上所示)
重启防火墙，使其配置生效：
[root@localhost src]# /etc/init.d/iptables restart
关闭SELINUX:
[root@localhost src]# vi /etc/selinux/config
在最后面添加如下信息：
SELINUX=disabled
:x ←保存退出
重启系统，使其生效：
[root@localhost src]# shutdown -r now
查看当前版本信息：
[feng@localhost Tools]$ rpm -qa|grep mysql
mysql-libs-5.1.61-4.el6.x86_64
卸载当前较低版本：(需要root权限)
[root@localhost Tools]# yum -y remove mysql-libs-5.1.61-4.el6.x86_64
2.安装Cmake，为MySQL编译工具(版本：cmake-2.8.9.tar.gz，在/usr/local/src目录中)
安装gcc-c++，如果没有当执行./bootstrap时报错如下：
---------------------------------------------
CMake 2.8.9, Copyright 2000-2011 Kitware, Inc.
C compiler on this system is: cc
---------------------------------------------
Error when bootstrapping CMake:
Cannot find appropriate C++ compiler on this system.
Please specify one using environment variable CXX.
See cmake_bootstrap.log for compilers attempted.
---------------------------------------------
Log of errors: /usr/local/src/cmake-2.8.9/Bootstrap.cmk/cmake_bootstrap.log
---------------------------------------------
报错：缺少gcc-C++编译器
解决办法：安装gcc-c++编译器
[root@localhost src]# yum install gcc-c++ ←安装，选择y安装完成
[root@localhost src]# tar zxvf cmake-2.8.9.tar.gz ←解压
[root@localhost src]# cd cmake-2.8.9
[root@localhost cmake-2.8.9]# ./bootstrap ←同执行./configure
[root@localhost cmake-2.8.9]# gmake ←编译
[root@localhost cmake-2.8.9]# gmake install ←安装
3.正式安装
[root@localhost src]# tar zxvf mysql-5.5.27.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# cd mysql-5.5.27
安装ncurses-devel包和bison包，否则执行cmake .时会出错
缺少ncurses-devel包信息如下：
-- Could NOT find Curses (missing: CURSES_LIBRARY CURSES_INCLUDE_PATH)
CMake Error at cmake/readline.cmake:83 (MESSAGE):
Curses library not found. Please install appropriate package,
remove CMakeCache.txt and rerun cmake.On Debian/Ubuntu, package name is libncurses5-dev, on Redhat and derivates it is ncurses-devel.
Call Stack (most recent call first):
cmake/readline.cmake:127 (FIND_CURSES)
cmake/readline.cmake:217 (MYSQL_USE_BUNDLED_LIBEDIT)
CMakeLists.txt:268 (MYSQL_CHECK_READLINE)
-- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!
原因：缺少ncurses-devel包，需要先删除CMakeCache.txt，再进行安装
缺少bison包信息如下：
Warning: Bison executable not found in PATH
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /usr/local/src/mysql-5.5.27
原因：缺少bison包
为了避免出错，所以先安装ncurses-devel包和bison包
[root@localhost mysql-5.5.27]# yum install ncurses-devel
[root@localhost mysql-5.5.27]# yum install bison
配置用户和用户组：
[root@localhost mysql-5.5.27]# groupadd mysql ←添加mysql用户组
[root@localhost mysql-5.5.27]# useradd -g mysql mysql -s /bin/false ←创建mysql用户，并加入到mysql组，不允许mysql用户直接登录系统
[root@localhost mysql-5.5.27]# mkdir -p /data/mysql ←创建数据库存放目录
[root@localhost mysql-5.5.27]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/ ←设置数据库目录权限
[root@localhost mysql-5.5.27]# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql ←设置安装目录
[root@localhost mysql-5.5.27]# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc ←别漏了有个点。
[root@localhost mysql-5.5.27]# make && make install ←时间较长
4.配置
[root@localhost mysql-5.5.27]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
[root@localhost mysql]# cp ./support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf ←拷贝配置文件，若存在则覆盖
[root@localhost mysql]# vi /etc/my.cnf ←编辑，在[mysqld]下增加一行
datadir = /data/mysql
:x ←保存退出
[root@localhost mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql ←生成mysql系统数据库
[root@localhost mysql]# cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld ←把mysql加入系统启动
[root@localhost mysql]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld ←增加执行权限
[root@localhost init.d]# chkconfig mysqld on ←加入开机启动
[root@localhost init.d]# vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld ←编辑
basedir=/usr/local/mysql ←mysql程序安装路径
datadir=/data/mysql ←mysql数据存放vi 路径
[root@localhost mysql]# service mysqld start ←启动
成功则提示：Starting MySQL..... SUCCESS!
将mysql服务加入系统环境变量
[root@localhost mysql]# vi /etc/profile ←编辑
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin ←在最后加上:/usr/local/mysql/bin
[root@localhost mysql]# source /etc/profile ←使其配置生效
5.设置密码
[root@localhost bin]# ./mysqladmin -u root password 123456 ←设置成功
设置成功后重新启动！
[root@localhost mysql]# service mysqld restart
6.删除匿名用户
[feng@localhost ~]$ mysql -u root -p ←通过密码登录
Enter password: ←输入密码
mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user; ←查看用户信息
mysql> delete from mysql.user where user=""; ←删除匿名用户
==================================================================
1.安装cmake
# cd/usr/local/src/tarbag
# wget -c http://www.cmake.org/files/v2.8/cmake-2.8.3.tar.gz
# tar zxvf cmake-2.8.3.tar.gz -C ../software
# cd ../software/cmake-2.8.3
# ./bootstrap
# make
# make install
cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/services/mysql5.5 -DINSTALL_DATADIR=/data/mydata -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
Could NOT find Curses (missing: CURSES_LIBRARY CURSES_INCLUDE_PATH)
yum install ncurses-devel
rm CMakeCache.txt 重新cmake
编译选项说明：
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql //安装目录
-DINSTALL_DATADIR=/www/mydata //数据库存放目录
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 //使用utf8字符
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci //校验字符
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all //安装所有扩展字符集
-DWITH_SSL=system //使用SSL加密
-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 //编译成embedded mysql library
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 //允许从本地导入数据
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 //安装myisam引擎
3.新建用户
# useradd mysql -d /dev/null -s /sbin/nologin
4.配置
# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/services/mysql5.5/
# chown -R mysql.mysql /www/mydata
# cd /usr/local/mysql
# cp ./support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
# chown -R mysql.mysql /www/mydata
# ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
# cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
# chkconfig --add mysqld
# chkconfig mysqld on
# service mysqld restart
若提示/etc/init.d/mysqld: line 256: my_print_defaults: command not found
MySQL server PID file could not be found!
编辑/etc/init.d/mysqld 46,47行basedir和datadir变量。