SpringBoot系列十四:嵌入式Servlet容器

一、配置嵌入式Servlet容器
SpringBoot默认使用Tomcat作为嵌入式的Servlet容器;
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1、定制和修改Servlet容器的相关配置
(1)、修改和server有关的配置(ServerProperties【也是EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer】)。

server.port=8081
server.context-path=/crud

server.tomcat.uri-encoding=UTF-8

//通用的Servlet容器设置
server.xxx
//Tomcat的设置
server.tomcat.xxx

(2)、编写一个EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer:嵌入式的Servlet容器的定制器;来修改Servlet容器的配置。

@Bean  //一定要将这个定制器加入到容器中
public EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer embeddedServletContainerCustomizer(){
    return new EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer() {

        //定制嵌入式的Servlet容器相关的规则
        @Override
        public void customize(ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer container) {
            container.setPort(8083);
        }
    }
}

2、注册Servlet三大组件【Servlet、Filter、Listener】
 由于SpringBoot默认是以jar包的方式启动嵌入式的Servlet容器来启动SpringBoot的web应用,没有web.xml文件。
注册三大组件的方式:
(1)、ServletRegistrationBean

public class MyServlet extends HttpServlet {

    //处理get请求
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req,resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.getWriter().write("Hello MyServlet");
    }
}
//注册三大组件
@Bean
public ServletRegistrationBean myServlet(){
    ServletRegistrationBean registrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new MyServlet(),"/myServlet");
    return registrationBean;
}

(2)、FilterRegistrationBean

public class MyFilter implements Filter {

    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        System.out.println("MyFilter process...");
        chain.doFilter(request,response);
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
    }
}
@Bean
public FilterRegistrationBean myFilter(){
    FilterRegistrationBean registrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean();
    registrationBean.setFilter(new MyFilter());
    registrationBean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/hello","/myServlet"));
    return registrationBean;
}

(3)、ServletListenerRegistrationBean

public class MyListener implements ServletContextListener {

    @Override
    public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {
        System.out.println("contextInitialized...web应用启动");
    }

    @Override
    public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) {
        System.out.println("contextDestroyed...当前web项目销毁");
    }
}
@Bean
public ServletListenerRegistrationBean myListener(){
    ServletListenerRegistrationBean<MyListener> registrationBean = new ServletListenerRegistrationBean<>(new MyListener());
    return registrationBean;
}

SpringBoot 整合 SpringMVC 的时候,自动的注册了 SpringMVC 的前端控制DIspatcherServlet。
DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration中:

@Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME)
@ConditionalOnBean(value = DispatcherServlet.class, name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)
public ServletRegistrationBean dispatcherServletRegistration(
      DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet) {
   ServletRegistrationBean registration = new ServletRegistrationBean(
         dispatcherServlet, this.serverProperties.getServletMapping());
    //默认拦截: /  所有请求;包静态资源,但是不拦截jsp请求;   /* 会拦截jsp
    //可以通过server.servletPath来修改SpringMVC前端控制器默认拦截的请求路径
    
   registration.setName(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME);
   registration.setLoadOnStartup(
         this.webMvcProperties.getServlet().getLoadOnStartup());
   if (this.multipartConfig != null) {
      registration.setMultipartConfig(this.multipartConfig);
   }
   return registration;
}

二、配置其他嵌入式Servlet容器
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默认支持:
1、Tomcat(默认使用):

<!-- 引入web模块默认就是使用嵌入式的Tomcat作为Servlet容器 -->
<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>

2、Jetty(长连接):

<!-- 引入web模块 -->
<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
   <exclusions>
      <exclusion>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      </exclusion>
   </exclusions>
</dependency>

<!-- 引入其他的Servlet容器 -->
<dependency>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
</dependency>

3、Undertow(不支持JSP):

<!-- 引入web模块 -->
<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
   <exclusions>
      <exclusion>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      </exclusion>
   </exclusions>
</dependency>

<!-- 引入其他的Servlet容器 -->
<dependency>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-undertow</artifactId>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
</dependency>

三、嵌入式Servlet容器自动配置原理
EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration:嵌入式的Servlet容器自动配置。

@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication
@Import(BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar.class)
//导入BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar:Spring注解版;给容器中导入一些组件
//导入了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor:
//后置处理器:bean初始化前后(创建完对象,还没赋值赋值)执行初始化工作
public class EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration {
    
    @Configuration
	@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Tomcat.class }) //判断当前是否引入了Tomcat依赖;
	@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT) //判断当前容器没有用户自己定义EmbeddedServletContainerFactory:嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂;作用:创建嵌入式的Servlet容器
	public static class EmbeddedTomcat {

		@Bean
		public TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory tomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
			return new TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
		}

	}
    
    /**
	 * Nested configuration if Jetty is being used.
	 */
	@Configuration
	@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Server.class, Loader.class,
			WebAppContext.class })
	@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
	public static class EmbeddedJetty {

		@Bean
		public JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory jettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
			return new JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
		}

	}

	/**
	 * Nested configuration if Undertow is being used.
	 */
	@Configuration
	@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Undertow.class, SslClientAuthMode.class })
	@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
	public static class EmbeddedUndertow {

		@Bean
		public UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory undertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
			return new UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
		}

	}
}

1、EmbeddedServletContainerFactory(嵌入式Servlet容器工厂)

public interface EmbeddedServletContainerFactory {

   //获取嵌入式的Servlet容器
   EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer(
         ServletContextInitializer... initializers);

}

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2、EmbeddedServletContainer:(嵌入式的Servlet容器)
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3、以 TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory 为例

@Override
public EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer(
      ServletContextInitializer... initializers) {
    //创建一个Tomcat
   Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
    
    //配置Tomcat的基本环节
   File baseDir = (this.baseDirectory != null ? this.baseDirectory
         : createTempDir("tomcat"));
   tomcat.setBaseDir(baseDir.getAbsolutePath());
   Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol);
   tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector);
   customizeConnector(connector);
   tomcat.setConnector(connector);
   tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false);
   configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine());
   for (Connector additionalConnector : this.additionalTomcatConnectors) {
      tomcat.getService().addConnector(additionalConnector);
   }
   prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers);
    
    //将配置好的Tomcat传入进去,返回一个EmbeddedServletContainer;并且启动Tomcat服务器
   return getTomcatEmbeddedServletContainer(tomcat);
}

4、嵌入式容器的配置修改生效原理

ServerProperties、EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer

EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer:定制器帮我们修改了Servlet容器的配置。ServerProperties也是定制器。
5、容器中导入了 EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor

//初始化之前
@Override
public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName)
      throws BeansException {
    //如果当前初始化的是一个ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer类型的组件
   if (bean instanceof ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) {
       //
      postProcessBeforeInitialization((ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) bean);
   }
   return bean;
}

private void postProcessBeforeInitialization(
			ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer bean) {
    //获取所有的定制器,调用每一个定制器的customize方法来给Servlet容器进行属性赋值;
    for (EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer customizer : getCustomizers()) {
        customizer.customize(bean);
    }
}

private Collection<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer> getCustomizers() {
    if (this.customizers == null) {
        // Look up does not include the parent context
        this.customizers = new ArrayList<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer>(
            this.beanFactory
            //从容器中获取所有这葛类型的组件:EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer
            //定制Servlet容器,给容器中可以添加一个EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer类型的组件
            .getBeansOfType(EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer.class,
                            false, false)
            .values());
        Collections.sort(this.customizers, AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.INSTANCE);
        this.customizers = Collections.unmodifiableList(this.customizers);
    }
    return this.customizers;
}

步骤:
 1、SpringBoot根据导入的依赖情况,给容器中添加相应的EmbeddedServletContainerFactory【TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory】
 2、容器中某个组件要创建对象就会惊动后置处理器;只要是嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂,后置处理器就工作;EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor;
 3、后置处理器,从容器中获取所有的 EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer,调用定制器的定制方法。

四、嵌入式Servlet容器启动原理
获取嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂:
1、SpringBoot应用启动运行run方法。
2、refreshContext(context);SpringBoot刷新IOC容器【创建IOC容器对象,并初始化容器,创建容器中的每一个组件】;如果是web应用创建 AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext,否则:AnnotationConfigApplicationContext
3、refresh(context);刷新刚才创建好的ioc容器。

public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
   synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
      // Prepare this context for refreshing.
      prepareRefresh();

      // Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
      ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();

      // Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
      prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);

      try {
         // Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
         postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);

         // Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
         invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);

         // Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
         registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);

         // Initialize message source for this context.
         initMessageSource();

         // Initialize event multicaster for this context.
         initApplicationEventMulticaster();

         // Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
         onRefresh();

         // Check for listener beans and register them.
         registerListeners();

         // Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
         finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);

         // Last step: publish corresponding event.
         finishRefresh();
      }

      catch (BeansException ex) {
         if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
            logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " +
                  "cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex);
         }

         // Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.
         destroyBeans();

         // Reset 'active' flag.
         cancelRefresh(ex);

         // Propagate exception to caller.
         throw ex;
      }

      finally {
         // Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we
         // might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore...
         resetCommonCaches();
      }
   }
}

4、 onRefresh(); web的ioc容器重写了onRefresh方法。
5、webioc容器会创建嵌入式的Servlet容器;createEmbeddedServletContainer()。
6、获取嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂:

EmbeddedServletContainerFactory containerFactory = getEmbeddedServletContainerFactory()

 从ioc容器中获取EmbeddedServletContainerFactory 组件;TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory 创建对象,后置处理器一看是这个对象,就获取所有的定制器来先定制Servlet容器的相关配置。
7、使用容器工厂获取嵌入式的Servlet容器:

this.embeddedServletContainer = containerFactory.getEmbeddedServletContainer(getSelfInitializer())

8、嵌入式的Servlet容器创建对象并启动Servlet容器。
 先启动嵌入式的Servlet容器,再将ioc容器中剩下没有创建出的对象获取出来;IOC容器启动创建嵌入式的Servlet容器。

五、使用外部的Servlet容器
 嵌入式Servlet容器:应用打成可执行的jar。优点:简单、便携;缺点:默认不支持JSP、优化定制比较复杂(使用定制器【ServerProperties、自定义EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer】,自己编写嵌入式Servlet容器的创建工厂【EmbeddedServletContainerFactory】)。
 外置的Servlet容器:外面安装Tomcat,然后将应用以war包的方式打包。

步骤:
1、必须创建一个war项目;(利用idea创建好目录结构)
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2、将嵌入式的 Tomcat 指定为 provided

<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
   <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

3、必须编写一个 SpringBootServletInitializer 的子类,并调用configure方法。

public class ServletInitializer extends SpringBootServletInitializer {

   @Override
   protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) {
       //传入SpringBoot应用的主程序
      return application.sources(SpringBoot04WebJspApplication.class);
   }

}

4、启动服务器就可以使用。

六、外部的Servlet容器启动原理
jar包:执行SpringBoot主类的main方法,启动ioc容器,创建嵌入式的Servlet容器;
war包:启动服务器,服务器启动SpringBoot应用【SpringBootServletInitializer】,启动ioc容器;
servlet3.0规则:
 1、服务器启动(web应用启动)会创建当前web应用里面每一个jar包里面 ServletContainerInitializer 实例。
 2、ServletContainerInitializer 的实现放在jar包的META-INF/services文件夹下,有一个名为javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer的文件,内容就是 ServletContainerInitializer 的实现类的全类名。
 3、可以使用 @HandlesTypes,在应用启动的时候加载我们感兴趣的类。

流程:
1、启动Tomcat。
2、org\springframework\spring-web\4.3.14.RELEASE\spring-web-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar!\META-INF\services\javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer:
Spring的web模块里面有这个文件:org.springframework.web.SpringServletContainerInitializer
3、SpringServletContainerInitializer 将 @HandlesTypes(WebApplicationInitializer.class) 标注的所有这个类型的类都传入到onStartup方法的Set<Class<?>>;为这些WebApplicationInitializer类型的类创建实例。
4、每一个 WebApplicationInitializer 都调用自己的 onStartup。
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5、相当于我们的 SpringBootServletInitializer 的类会被创建对象,并执行onStartup方法。
6、SpringBootServletInitializer 实例执行onStartup的时候会createRootApplicationContext:创建容器。

protected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext(
      ServletContext servletContext) {
    //1、创建SpringApplicationBuilder
   SpringApplicationBuilder builder = createSpringApplicationBuilder();
   StandardServletEnvironment environment = new StandardServletEnvironment();
   environment.initPropertySources(servletContext, null);
   builder.environment(environment);
   builder.main(getClass());
   ApplicationContext parent = getExistingRootWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
   if (parent != null) {
      this.logger.info("Root context already created (using as parent).");
      servletContext.setAttribute(
            WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, null);
      builder.initializers(new ParentContextApplicationContextInitializer(parent));
   }
   builder.initializers(
         new ServletContextApplicationContextInitializer(servletContext));
   builder.contextClass(AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext.class);
    
    //调用configure方法,子类重写了这个方法,将SpringBoot的主程序类传入了进来
   builder = configure(builder);
    
    //使用builder创建一个Spring应用
   SpringApplication application = builder.build();
   if (application.getSources().isEmpty() && AnnotationUtils
         .findAnnotation(getClass(), Configuration.class) != null) {
      application.getSources().add(getClass());
   }
   Assert.state(!application.getSources().isEmpty(),
         "No SpringApplication sources have been defined. Either override the "
               + "configure method or add an @Configuration annotation");
   // Ensure error pages are registered
   if (this.registerErrorPageFilter) {
      application.getSources().add(ErrorPageFilterConfiguration.class);
   }
    //启动Spring应用
   return run(application);
}

7、Spring的应用就启动并且创建IOC容器。

public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
   StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
   stopWatch.start();
   ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
   FailureAnalyzers analyzers = null;
   configureHeadlessProperty();
   SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
   listeners.starting();
   try {
      ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(
            args);
      ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners,
            applicationArguments);
      Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
      context = createApplicationContext();
      analyzers = new FailureAnalyzers(context);
      prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments,
            printedBanner);
       
       //刷新IOC容器
      refreshContext(context);
      afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
      listeners.finished(context, null);
      stopWatch.stop();
      if (this.logStartupInfo) {
         new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)
               .logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
      }
      return context;
   }
   catch (Throwable ex) {
      handleRunFailure(context, listeners, analyzers, ex);
      throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
   }
}

启动Servlet容器,再启动SpringBoot应用。

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转载自blog.csdn.net/lizhiqiang1217/article/details/91358447