python使用bs4爬取boss静态页面

思路：

　　1、将需要查询城市列表，通过城市接口转换成相应的code码

　　2、遍历城市、职位生成url

　　3、通过url获取列表页面信息，遍历列表页面信息

　　4、再根据列表页面信息的job_link获取详情页面信息，将需要的信息以字典data的形式存在列表datas里　　

　　5、判断列表页面是否有下一页，重复步骤3、4；同时将列表datas一直传递下去

　　6、一个城市、职位url爬取完后，将列表datas接在列表datas_list后面，重复3、4、5

　　7、最后将列表datas_list的数据，遍历写在Excel里面

知识点：

　　1、将response内容以json形式输出，解析json并取值

　　2、soup 的select()和find_all()和find()方法使用

　　3、异常Exception的使用

　　4、wldt创建编辑Excel的使用

import requests, time, xlwt
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

class MyJob():
    def __init__(self, mycity, myquery):
        self.city = mycity
        self.query = myquery
        self.list_url = "https://www.zhipin.com/job_detail/?query=%s&city=%s&industry=&position="%(self.query, self.city)
        self.datas = []
        self.header = {
            'authority': 'www.zhipin.com',
            'method': 'GET',
            'scheme': 'https',
            'accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8',
            'accept-encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
            'accept-language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9',
            'cache-control': 'max-age=0',
            'cookie': 'lastCity=101210100;uab_collina=154408714637849548916323;toUrl=/;c=1558272251;g=-;l=l=%2Fwww.zhipin.com%2Fuser%2Flogin.html&r=; Hm_lvt_194df3105ad7148dcf2b98a91b5e727a=1555852331,1556985726,1558169427,1558272251; __a=40505844.1544087205.1558169426.1558272251.41.14.4.31; Hm_lpvt_194df3105ad7148dcf2b98a91b5e727a=1558272385',
            'referer': 'https://www.zhipin.com/?ka=header-logo',
            'upgrade-insecure-requests': '1',
            'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.110 Safari/537.36'
        }

    #将城市转化为code码
    def get_city(self,city_list):
        city_url = "https://www.zhipin.com/wapi/zpCommon/data/city.json" #获取城市
        json = requests.get(city_url).json()
        zpData = json["zpData"]["cityList"]
        list = []
        for city in city_list :
            for data_sf in zpData:
                for data_dq in data_sf["subLevelModelList"]:
                    if city == data_dq["name"]:
                         list.append(data_dq["code"])
        return list

    #获取所有页内容
    def get_job_list(self, url, datas):
        print(url)
        html = requests.get(url, headers=self.header).text
        soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')
        jobs = soup.select(".job-primary")
        for job in jobs:
            data = {}
            # 招聘id
            data["job_id"] = job.find_all("div", attrs={"class": "info-primary"})[0].find("a").get("data-jobid")
            # 招聘链接
            data["job_link"] = "https://www.zhipin.com" + job.find_all("div", attrs={"class": "info-primary"})[0].find("a").get("href")
            # 招聘岗位
            data["job_name"] = job.find_all("div", attrs={"class": "info-primary"})[0].find("div", attrs={"class": "job-title"}).get_text()
            # 薪资
            data["job_red"] = job.find_all("div", attrs={"class": "info-primary"})[0].find("span", attrs={"class": "red"}).get_text()
            # 地址 #工作年限 #学历
            data["job_address"] = job.find_all("div", attrs={"class": "info-primary"})[0].find("p").get_text().split(" ")
            # 企业链接
            data["job_company_link"] = job.find_all("div", attrs={"class": "info-company"})[0].find("a").get("href")
            # 企业信息
            data["job_company"] = job.find_all("div", attrs={"class": "info-company"})[0].find("p").get_text().split(" ")
            # boss链接
            data["job_publis_link"] = job.find_all("div", attrs={"class": "info-publis"})[0].find("img").get("src")
            # boos信息
            data["job_publis"] = job.find_all("div", attrs={"class": "info-publis"})[0].find("h3").get_text().split(" ")
            time.sleep(5)
            self.get_job_detail(data)  # 获取job详情页内容
            print(data)
            datas.append(data)  # 将某条job添加到datas中，直到将当前页添加完

        try:
            next_url = soup.find("div", attrs={"class": "page"}).find("a", attrs={"class": "next"}).get("href")
            #if next_url[-1] =="3":  # 第二页自动抛异常
            if next_url in "javascript:;":  # 最后一页自动抛异常
                raise Exception()
        except Exception as e:
            print("最后一页了；%s" % e)
            return datas  # 返回所有页内容
        else:
            time.sleep(5)
            next_url = "https://www.zhipin.com" + next_url
            self.get_job_list(next_url, datas)
            return datas  # 返回所有页内容

    #获取详情页内容
    def get_job_detail(self, data):
        print(data["job_link"])
        html = requests.get(data["job_link"], headers=self.header).text
        soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')
        # 招聘公司
        data["detail_content_name"] = soup.find_all("div", attrs={"class": "detail-content"})[0].find("div", attrs={"class": "name"}).get_text()
        # 福利
        data["detail_primary_tags"] = soup.find_all("div", attrs={"class": "info-primary"})[0].find("div", attrs={"class": "job-tags"}).get_text().strip()
        # 招聘岗位
        data["detail_primary_name"] = soup.find_all("div", attrs={"class": "info-primary"})[0].find("h1").get_text()
        # 招聘状态
        data["detail_primary_status"] = soup.find_all("div", attrs={"class": "info-primary"})[0].find("div", attrs={"class": "job-status"}).get_text()
        # 薪资
        data["detail_primary_salary"] = soup.find_all("div", attrs={"class": "info-primary"})[0].find("span", attrs={"class": "salary"}).get_text()
        # 地址 #工作年限 #学历
        data["detail_primary_address"] = soup.find_all("div", attrs={"class": "info-primary"})[0].find("p").get_text()
        # 工作地址
        data["detail_content_address"] = soup.find_all("div", attrs={"class": "detail-content"})[0].find("div", attrs={"class": "location-address"}).get_text()
        # 职位描述
        data["detail_content_text"] = soup.find_all("div", attrs={"class": "detail-content"})[0].find("div", attrs={"class": "text"}).get_text().strip().replace("；", "\n")
        # boss名字
        data["detail_op_name"] = soup.find_all("div", attrs={"class": "detail-op"})[1].find("h2", attrs={"class": "name"}).get_text()
        # boss职位
        data["detail_op_job"] = soup.find_all("div", attrs={"class": "detail-op"})[1].find("p", attrs={"class": "gray"}).get_text().split("·")[0]
        # boss状态
        data["detail_op_status"] = soup.find_all("div", attrs={"class": "detail-op"})[1].find("p", attrs={"class": "gray"}).get_text().split("·")[1]

    #将获取的数据写入Excel
    def setExcel(self, datas_list):
        book = xlwt.Workbook(encoding='utf-8')
        table = book.add_sheet("boss软件测试")
        table.write(0, 0, "编号")
        table.write(0, 1, "招聘链接")
        table.write(0, 2, "招聘岗位")
        table.write(0, 3, "薪资")
        table.write(0, 4, "地址")
        table.write(0, 5, "企业链接")
        table.write(0, 6, "企业信息")
        table.write(0, 7, "boss链接")
        table.write(0, 8, "boss信息")
        table.write(0, 9, "detail详情")
        i = 1
        for data in datas_list:
            table.write(i, 0, data["job_id"])
            table.write(i, 1, data["job_link"])
            table.write(i, 2, data["job_name"])
            table.write(i, 3, data["job_red"])
            table.write(i, 4, data["job_address"])
            table.write(i, 5, data["job_company_link"])
            table.write(i, 6, data["job_company"])
            table.write(i, 7, data["job_publis_link"])
            table.write(i, 8, data["job_publis"])

            table.write(i, 10, data["detail_content_name"])
            table.write(i, 11, data["detail_primary_name"])
            table.write(i, 12, data["detail_primary_status"])
            table.write(i, 13, data["detail_primary_salary"])
            table.write(i, 14, data["detail_primary_address"])
            table.write(i, 15, data["detail_content_text"])
            table.write(i, 16, data["detail_op_name"])
            table.write(i, 17, data["detail_op_job"])
            table.write(i, 18, data["detail_op_status"])
            table.write(i, 19, data["detail_primary_tags"])
            table.write(i, 20, data["detail_content_address"])
            i += 1
        book.save(r'C:\%s_boss软件测试.xls' % time.strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S'))
        print("Excel保存成功")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    city_list = MyJob("","").get_city(["杭州"])
    query_list = ["软件测试", "测试工程师"]
    datas_list = []
    for city in city_list:
        for query in query_list:
            myjob = MyJob(city, query)
            datas = myjob.get_job_list(myjob.list_url, myjob.datas)
            datas_list.extend(datas)
    myjob.setExcel(datas_list)