华南理工大学“三七互娱杯”程序设计竞赛(重现赛)A HRY and codefire

题目链接:https://ac.nowcoder.com/acm/contest/874/A

题目大意:

  有一款游戏,你有 2 个账户,一开始都为 0 级,封顶为 n 级,当你的账户为 i 级时,进行一场战斗胜利并升到下一级的概率为 pi ,失败不会降级。你现在有如下策略:

  1. 一开始随便用一个账户开始。
  2. 如果这把赢了,就继续用这个账户。
  3. 如果这把输了,就换个账户继续打。

  求要使其中一个账户封顶的期望游玩次数。

分析:

  设 dp[i][j] 为当两个账号分别为 i,j 级时,并且下一场比赛使用 i 级的账户参赛,达到n级仍需要的期望参赛次数。
  那么 dp[*][n] = dp[n][*] = 0。
  于是转移方程为:$$dp[i][j] = p_i * dp[i + 1][j] + (1 - p_i) * dp[j][i] + 1$$
  但是这个转移方程存在环,可以联立以下方程组:
  $$dp[i][j] = p_i * dp[i + 1][j] + (1 - p_i) * dp[j][i] + 1$$
  $$dp[j][i] = p_j * dp[j + 1][i] + (1 - p_j) * dp[i][j] + 1$$
  代入后得:
  $$dp[i][j] = \frac{p_i * dp[i + 1][j] + (1 - p_i) * (p_j * dp[j + 1][i] + 1) + 1}{p_i + p_j - p_i * p_j}$$
  可以通过先计算 i + j 大的数来计算整个dp数组。

代码如下:

  1 #pragma GCC optimize("Ofast")
  2 #include <bits/stdc++.h>
  3 using namespace std;
  4  
  5 #define INIT() std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false);std::cin.tie(0);
  6 #define Rep(i,n) for (int i = 0; i < (n); ++i)
  7 #define For(i,s,t) for (int i = (s); i <= (t); ++i)
  8 #define rFor(i,t,s) for (int i = (t); i >= (s); --i)
  9 #define ForLL(i, s, t) for (LL i = LL(s); i <= LL(t); ++i)
 10 #define rForLL(i, t, s) for (LL i = LL(t); i >= LL(s); --i)
 11 #define foreach(i,c) for (__typeof(c.begin()) i = c.begin(); i != c.end(); ++i)
 12 #define rforeach(i,c) for (__typeof(c.rbegin()) i = c.rbegin(); i != c.rend(); ++i)
 13 
 14 #define pr(x) cout << #x << " = " << x << "  "
 15 #define prln(x) cout << #x << " = " << x << endl
 16  
 17 #define LOWBIT(x) ((x)&(-x))
 18  
 19 #define ALL(x) x.begin(),x.end()
 20 #define INS(x) inserter(x,x.begin())
 21  
 22 #define ms0(a) memset(a,0,sizeof(a))
 23 #define msI(a) memset(a,inf,sizeof(a))
 24 #define msM(a) memset(a,-1,sizeof(a))
 25 
 26 #define MP make_pair
 27 #define PB push_back
 28 #define ft first
 29 #define sd second
 30  
 31 template<typename T1, typename T2>
 32 istream &operator>>(istream &in, pair<T1, T2> &p) {
 33     in >> p.first >> p.second;
 34     return in;
 35 }
 36  
 37 template<typename T>
 38 istream &operator>>(istream &in, vector<T> &v) {
 39     for (auto &x: v)
 40         in >> x;
 41     return in;
 42 }
 43  
 44 template<typename T1, typename T2>
 45 ostream &operator<<(ostream &out, const std::pair<T1, T2> &p) {
 46     out << "[" << p.first << ", " << p.second << "]" << "\n";
 47     return out;
 48 }
 49 
 50 inline int gc(){
 51     static const int BUF = 1e7;
 52     static char buf[BUF], *bg = buf + BUF, *ed = bg;
 53     
 54     if(bg == ed) fread(bg = buf, 1, BUF, stdin);
 55     return *bg++;
 56 } 
 57 
 58 inline int ri(){
 59     int x = 0, f = 1, c = gc();
 60     for(; c<48||c>57; f = c=='-'?-1:f, c=gc());
 61     for(; c>47&&c<58; x = x*10 + c - 48, c=gc());
 62     return x*f;
 63 }
 64  
 65 typedef long long LL;
 66 typedef unsigned long long uLL;
 67 typedef pair< double, double > PDD;
 68 typedef pair< int, int > PII;
 69 typedef set< int > SI;
 70 typedef vector< int > VI;
 71 typedef vector< LL > VL;
 72 typedef vector< VL > VVL;
 73 typedef map< int, int > MII;
 74 const double EPS = 1e-10;
 75 const int inf = 1e9 + 9;
 76 const LL mod = 1e8 + 7;
 77 const int maxN = 1e5 + 7;
 78 const LL ONE = 1;
 79 const LL evenBits = 0xaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa;
 80 const LL oddBits = 0x5555555555555555;
 81 
 82 int T;
 83 int n;
 84 double p[307];
 85 // dp[i][j]表示当前两个账号分别是i,j级,并且下一场比赛使用i级的账户参赛,达到n级仍需要的参赛次数的期望 
 86 double dp[307][307];
 87 
 88 int main(){
 89     //INIT();
 90     scanf("%d", &T);
 91     while(T--) {
 92         scanf("%d", &n);
 93         Rep(i, n) scanf("%lf", &p[i]);
 94         
 95         Rep(i, n + 1) {
 96             dp[i][n] = 0;
 97             dp[n][i] = 0;
 98         }
 99         
100         // 枚举 i + j 
101         rFor(k, 2 * n - 2, 0) {
102             int tmp = k - n + 1;
103             if(tmp < 0) tmp = 0;
104             For(i, tmp, n - 1) {
105                 int j = k - i;
106                 if(j < 0) break;
107                 dp[i][j] = (p[i] * dp[i + 1][j] + (1 - p[i]) * (p[j] * dp[j + 1][i] + 1) + 1) / (p[i] + p[j] - p[i] * p[j]);
108             }
109         }
110         printf("%.4f\n", dp[0][0] + EPS);
111     }
112     return 0;
113 }
View Code

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转载自www.cnblogs.com/zaq19970105/p/10804590.html