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《医学术语》读书笔记
文章目录
常见词根与词缀
- -ine: 词缀，在化学中，forming names of alkaloids, halogens, amines, amino acids, and other substances.
- -ide：词缀，在化学中，forming nouns denoting binary compounds of a nonmetallic or more electronegative element or group.
- -azo：词缀，在化学中，containing two adjacent nitrogen atoms between carbon atoms. from obsolete azote ‘nitrogen’, from French, from Greek a- ‘without’ + zōē ‘life’.
- -ole：词缀，在化学中，in names of organic compounds, especially heterocyclic compounds. from Latin oleum ‘oil’ (compare with -ol).
| 词根/词缀 | 含义 | 示例 | 词源 |
|---|---|---|---|
| quin(o)- | quinone 醌 | hydroquinone 氢醌 benzoquinone 苯醌 naphthoquinone 萘醌 quinone 醌，苯醌 |
mid 19th century: from Spanish quina (see quinine1 奎宁) + -one. |
| ester(o)- -ide -ate |
ester 酯 | triglyceride 甘油三酯 methylphenidate 哌醋甲酯 benzoate 苯(甲)酸酯 |
mid 19th century: from German, probably from a blend of Essig ‘vinegar’ and Äther ‘ether’. |
| anhydrid(o)- | anhydride 酐 | anhydrase 脱水酶 anhydrous 脱水的 anhydrosugar 脱水糖 |
mid 19th century: from Greek anudros (see anhydrous2) + -ide 水脱则干（酐） |
| -amine amin(o)- |
amine 胺 | dopamine 多巴胺 histamine 组胺 penicillamine 青霉胺 |
mid 19th century: from ammonia + -ine |
| uric(o)- | uric acid 尿酸 | uricosuric 促尿酸尿的 uricase 尿酸酶 uricosuria 尿酸尿 uricacidemia 尿酸血症 |
Borrowed from French urique |
| -amide | amide 酰胺 | sulfonamide 磺胺 cyclophosphamide 环磷酰胺 |
mid 19th century: from ammonia + -ide. 注意amide（酰胺）与amine（胺）的区别。 |
| -dazole -mizole |
imidazole 咪唑 (zuò) | benzimidazole 苯咪唑 tetramizole 四咪唑 mebendazole 甲苯咪唑 methylimidazole 甲基咪唑 |
late 19th century: from imide3 + azo- (偶氮) + -ole () |
| sulfa- sulpha- |
sulfonamide 磺胺 | sulfamethoxazole(SMZ) 磺胺甲基异噁(恶)唑 sulfanilamide 氨苯磺胺 sulfadoxine 周效磺胺 sulfamethazine 磺胺二甲嘧啶 |
sulfonic + amide |
| fur(a)- furfur- |
furan 呋喃 | furfural 呋喃甲醛 furanose 呋喃糖 furandantin 呋喃坦啶 furazolidone 呋喃唑酮，痢特灵 |
from furfural， From Latin furfur (“bran 麸糠”) |
| pyran- | pyran 吡喃 | pyranose 吡喃糖 fructopyranose 吡喃果糖 xylopyranose 吡喃木糖 |
From Latin pyra (“pyre(fire), funeral pile”) + -an |
| indol- indo- |
indole 吲哚 | indocyanine 吲哚氰 indomethacin 吲哚美辛，消炎痛 indoleacetic 吲哚乙酸的 |
mid 19th century: blend of indigo (because obtained artificially from indigo blue (靛蓝；紫蓝色)) and Latin oleum ‘oil’ |
| diazo- | diazo 重(音“虫”)氮基 | diazoxide 二氮嗪，氯苯甲噻而嗪 diazomethyl 重氮甲基 diazomethane 重氮甲烷 diazonium 重氮基 |
di (“double”) + azote (“nitrogen”) |
| -caine | caine 卡因 | cocaine 可卡因 lidocaine 利多卡因 tetracaine 丁卡因 procaine 普鲁卡因 |
From German -kain, from Kokain (“cocaine”) |
| cer(o)- | wax 蜡 | ceroid 蜡样质 cerumen 耳垢，耵聍 ceruminous 耵聍的 ceroplasty 蜡样质 |
< Greek kēro-, combining form of kērós wax |
quinine: a bitter crystalline compound present in cinchona bark, used as a tonic and formerly as an antimalarial drug. ↩︎
anhydrous: (of a substance, especially a crystalline compound) containing no water. ↩︎
imide: 酰亚胺 an organic compound containing the group —CONHCO—, related to ammonia by replacement of two hydrogen atoms by acyl groups. origin: mid 19th century: from French, arbitrary alteration of amide. ↩︎