java流缓冲区问题

               

听着张孝祥老师关于缓冲区知识的课,发现还是有一些没有掌握,动手试了一下,果然发现了问题。

先讲一下关于java缓冲区的知识,应用程序和IO设备之间存在一个缓冲区,一般流是没有缓冲区的,但是如果存在缓冲区,就会发现很大的问题。

错误代码如下:为了确保问题发生,我使用了BufferedOutputStream,使得手动构造出了一个缓冲区。

import java.io.*;public class Test public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{  DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(       new BufferedOutputStream(       new FileOutputStream("1.txt")));  out.writeChars("hello");  FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream("1.txt");  int len = in.available();  byte[] b = new byte[len];  int actlen = in.read(b);  String str = new String(b);  System.out.println(str);   } }


发现什么问题了吗? 

因为如果没有缓冲区,应用程序每次IO都要和设备进行通信,效率很低,因此缓冲区为了提高效率,当写入设备时,先写入缓冲区,等到缓冲区有足够多的数据时,就整体写入设备。这就是问题所在,上个例子中,当我们写入hello时,由于hello占用空间很小,所以暂时存放在缓冲区中,后来输入流想要从文件中读取,但是由于文件中没有字节,所以不能读取hello。

这里,解决方法很简单,只要调用out.flush() 或者out.close()即可,这是把缓冲区的数据手动写入文件。

正确代码如下:

import java.io.*;public class Test public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{  DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(       new BufferedOutputStream(       new FileOutputStream("1.txt")));  out.writeChars("hello");  out.close();//inserted  FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream("1.txt");  int len = in.available();  byte[] b = new byte[len];  int actlen = in.read(b);  String str = new String(b);  System.out.println(str);   } }

接下来又是我遇到的一个例子,这个例子也很明显的反应出缓冲区的问题。

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import java.io.BufferedReader;import java.io.FileReader;import java.io.FileWriter;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.PrintWriter;import java.util.Calendar;import java.util.Date;import java.util.GregorianCalendar;import java.util.Scanner;import java.util.StringTokenizer;public class StringTokenizerTest {    public static void main(String[] args) {        Employee[] e = new Employee[3];        e[0] = new Employee("Carl Cracker", 75000, 1987, 12, 15);        e[1] = new Employee("Harry Hacker", 50000, 1989, 10, 1);        e[2] = new Employee("Tony Tester", 40000, 1990, 3, 15);        try {            PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(new FileWriter("1.txt"));            writeData(e, out);            // out.close();**********************************************************************        } catch (Exception e1) {            e1.printStackTrace();        }        System.out.println("*******是否要读取数据?********");        Scanner in1 = new Scanner(System.in);        String yes = in1.nextLine();        if (yes.equalsIgnoreCase("YES")) {            try {                BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("1.txt"));                Employee[] result = readData(in);                for (int i = 0; i < result.length; i++)                    System.out.println(result[i]);                in.close();            } catch (Exception e2) {                e2.printStackTrace();            }        }    }    public static Employee[] readData(BufferedReader in) throws IOException {        int length = Integer.parseInt(in.readLine());        Employee[] e = new Employee[length];        for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {            String line = in.readLine();            StringTokenizer token = new StringTokenizer(line, "|");            String name = token.nextToken();            double salary = Double.parseDouble(token.nextToken());            int year = Integer.parseInt(token.nextToken());            int month = Integer.parseInt(token.nextToken());            int day = Integer.parseInt(token.nextToken());            e[i] = new Employee(name, salary, year, month, day);        }        return e;    }    public static void writeData(Employee[] e, PrintWriter out) {        out.println(e.length);        for (int i = 0; i < e.length; i++) {            String name = e[i].getName();            double salary = e[i].getSalary();            Date date = e[i].getHireDay();            Calendar c = new GregorianCalendar();            c.setTime(date);            int year = c.get(Calendar.YEAR);            int month = c.get(Calendar.MONTH) + 1;            int day = c.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH);            out.println(name + "|" + salary + "|" + year + "|" + month + "|"                    + day);        }        System.out.println("********写入数据完毕********");    }}class Employee {    public Employee(String n, double s, int year, int month, int day) {        name = n;        salary = s;        GregorianCalendar calendar = new GregorianCalendar(year, month - 1, day);        hireDay = calendar.getTime();    }    public String getName() {        return name;    }    public double getSalary() {        return salary;    }    public Date getHireDay() {        return hireDay;    }    public void raiseSalary(double byPercent) {        double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;        salary += raise;    }    public String toString() {        return getClass().getName() + "[name=" + name + ",salary=" + salary                + ",hireDay=" + hireDay + "]";    }    private String name;    private double salary;    private Date hireDay;}

结果是没有向文件写入任何数据,为什么呢?

唯一的错误就在main方法中没有调用out.close(),把数据从缓冲区刷新到文件。因此用完资源即时关闭是很重要的。


           

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转载自blog.csdn.net/qq_44884619/article/details/89530934
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