Java - 框架之 SpringMVC

一. 简单配置 (XML)

1. web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

    <!-- 配置：所有请求由SpringMVC管理 -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

2. DispatchServlet-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd">


    <!--   1. 配置 url 处理映射    -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"/>

    <!--   2.配置控制器处理适配器   -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter" />

    <!--   3. 配置控制器 （访问路径）   -->
    <bean name="/user.do" class="com.q.backoffice.web.controller.UserController" />

    <!--   4. 配置资源视图解析器    -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!--   前缀     -->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"></property>

        <!--   后缀     -->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>

</beans>

3. UserController.java

package com.q.backoffice.web.controller;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class UserController implements Controller {

    @Override
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception {

        ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView("user/userlist");

        mav.addObject("name", "q");

        return mav;
    }
}

4. userlist.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>用户列表</title>
</head>
<body>

<h3>用户列表</h3>
${name}

</body>
</html>

二. 简单配置 (注解)

1. web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

    <!-- 配置：所有请求由SpringMVC管理 -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

2. DispatcherServlet-servlet.xml

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

    <!-- 配置：所有请求由SpringMVC管理 -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

3. UserController

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")    // 根路径
public class UserController{

    // 获取页面
    @RequestMapping("/list")
    public String list(){
        return "user/userlist";
    }

}

三. 获取表单发送的数据

1. 三种方式：

// 获取表单发送的数据，方式一（在方法中传递参数）：

@RequestMapping(value = "/register", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String register(String username, String password, int age, String birthday, String[] hobbyIds){

    System.out.println(username);
    System.out.println(password);
    System.out.println(age);
    System.out.println(birthday);
    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(hobbyIds));

    return "user/register";
}

// 获取表单发送的数据，方式二（创建一个User类）：

@RequestMapping("/register2")
public String register2(User user){

    System.out.println(user);

    return "user/register";
}

// 获取表单发送的数据，方式三（在类中嵌套一个类，需要在页面中加上类属性：user.username）：

@RequestMapping("/register3")
public String register3(UserExt user){

    System.out.println(user);

    return "user/register";
}

2. 接收 ArrayList 类型数据

设置(记得 set/get 方法)：

private List<User> users = new ArrayList<User>();

发送：

// 一个 user对象
<input type="text" name="user[0].username">

// 两个 user对象
<input type="text" name="user[1].username">

接收：

public String register(UserExt userExt){
    System.out.println(userExt.getUsers());
    reutrn "user/info";
}

3. 接收 Map 类型数据

设置(记得 set/get 方法)：

private Map<String, Object> info = new HashMap<String, Object>();

发送：

<input type="text" name="info["username"]">

接收：

public String register(UserExt userExt){
    System.out.println(userExt.getInfo());
    reutrn "user/info";
}

四. 展示数据

1. UserController.java

@RequestMapping("userlist")
public String register4(Model model){

    // 模拟数据库数据
    List<User> userList = new ArrayList<User>();
    User user1 = new User("q","123",1,"2018");
    user1.setId(1);
    User user2 = new User("q2","456",1,"2018");
    user2.setId(2);
    userList.add(user1);
    userList.add(user2);


    // 将数据存储到 Modle 中
    model.addAttribute("userList",userList);

    return "user/userlist";
}

2. userlist.jsp

<table border="1">
    <tr>
        <td>账号</td>
        <td>密码</td>
        <td>年龄</td>
        <td>生日</td>
    </tr>

    <c:forEach items="${userList}" var="user">
        <tr>
            <td>${user.username}</td>
            <td>${user.password}</td>
            <td>${user.age}</td>
            <td>${user.birthday}</td>
        </tr>
    </c:forEach>

</table>

五. 修改数据

1. 方式一：

// 修改数据1：
@RequestMapping("/edit")
public String register5(int id, Model model){

    // 模拟数据库数据
    User user = new User("q","123",1,"2018/1/1");
    user.setId(1);
    model.addAttribute("user", user);

    return "user/edit";
}

# 页面设置：

<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/edit.do?id=${user.id}">修改1</a>

2. 方式二：

// 修改数据2：
@RequestMapping("/edit/{id}")
public String register5(Model model){

    // 模拟数据库数据
    User user = new User("q","123",1,"2018/1/1");
    user.setId(1);
    model.addAttribute("user", user);

    return "user/edit";
}

# 页面设置：

<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/edit/${user.id}.do">修改2</a>

六. 转发

@RequestMapping("test1")
public String run1(){
    // 同一个控制器的转发
    return "forward:list.do";
}

七. 重定向

@RequestMapping("test2")
public String run2(){
    // 同一个控制器的转发
    return "redirect:list.do";
}

八. 路径指定参数（如果没有该参数，就会抛异常）

// defaultValue 设置默认值（即使没有该参数也会跳转）
@RequestMapping("test3")
public String run3(@RequestParam(value = "uid", required = true, defaultValue = "1") Integer id){
    System.out.println(id);
    return "redirect:list.do";
}

八. 接收和响应 json 数据

package com.q.backoffice.web.controller;

import model.Student;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;



@Controller
@RequestMapping("/student")    // 根路径
public class UserController3 {

    @RequestMapping("/register")
    public String register(){

        return "student/register";
    }

    // 接收和相应 Json 数据

    /*
    *  @RequestBody ：将 json 数据转换成模型对象
    *  @ResponseBody ：返回 json 数据，把对象转换为字符串返回
    * */

    @RequestMapping("/get")
    public @ResponseBody Student get_json(@RequestBody Student s){
        System.out.println(s);
        return s;
    }

    @RequestMapping("/get1")
    public @ResponseBody Student get_json1(Student s){
        System.out.println(s);
        return s;
    }

}

也许每个人都是无聊的，孤独的吧？

Java - 框架之 SpringMVC

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