Win10+Anaconda3环境下的OpenCV4.0-Python安装教程

在Ubuntu16.04环境下，进入Anaconda虚拟环境，输入

pip install opencv-python -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/

可以直接安装OpenCV 4.0了，一行代码搞定，美滋滋。

Win10+Anaconda3环境下的OpenCV4.0-Python安装教程

在OpenCV 3.0发布三年半之后，OpenCV 4.0终于发布了。我看了一下网上的教程都是利用Visual Studio对OpenCV源码进行编译的办法来安装的，繁琐不说，还容易出错。我尝试了一下用编译好的版本结合Anaconda3进行OpenCV4.0安装，完美支持Python2.7版本，对Python3，目前还只能在...\site-packages\opencv\build\python这个路径下运行，还请各路大神多多指点。

创建虚拟环境

首先安装Anaconda3，安装步骤不再赘述，可以参考我前面的博客Windows10 GPU版Tensorflow配置教程+Anaconda3+Jupyter Notebook

安装完之后，打开命令行，输入以下命令，创建一个虚拟环境，在里面乱搞是不会破坏外面配置好的环境的。环境的名字可以随便取，我取的是opencv40，python版本用3.5就行。

conda create -n opencv40 python=3.5

用conda env list来查看已创建的所有环境，用activate opencv40来激活环境，输入conda install numpy matplotlib安装必要的package。如果安装速度慢，可以Anaconda3换用国内源。

下载OpenCV 4.0.0-alpha

OpenCV的下载网址https://sourceforge.net/projects/opencvlibrary/files/，在这里可以看到所有的发行版本。

最新的版本是OpenCV4.0，还有两个版本是alpha和beta。我下载了4.0.0和4.0.0-alpha两个版本。

点击4.0.0-alpha，选择红框的文件下载。

如果连接不稳定，可以用我的百度云链接。
4.0.0 https://pan.baidu.com/s/1EsfQ7uS-ni1iPyKCBpG1jg
4.0.0-alpha https://pan.baidu.com/s/1sxiWvpghRX0Sp_PmJomWTg

下载完之后，双击打开exe文件，将其解压到D:\Program Files\Anaconda3\envs\OpenCV40\Lib\site-packages，这是我的Anaconda3的虚拟环境opencv40下的Python的package存放路径。

如果你之前解压的是4.0.0-alpha，则进入...\site-packages\opencv\python\2.7\x64，将cv2.pyd复制到...\Anaconda3\envs\OpenCV40\Lib\site-packages中。

在命令行（环境激活状态下）进入python，如下图可见安装成功。


如果你之前解压的是4.0.0，则命令行进入...\site-packages\opencv\python\，执行python setup.py install，如下图。

然后不知为何报错了

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "setup.py", line 57, in <module>
    main()
  File "setup.py", line 52, in main
    'Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries',
  File "D:\Program Files\Anaconda3\envs\opencv40\lib\distutils\core.py", line 151, in setup
    dist.run_commands()
  File "D:\Program Files\Anaconda3\envs\opencv40\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 953, in run_commands
    self.run_command(cmd)
  File "D:\Program Files\Anaconda3\envs\opencv40\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 972, in run_command
    cmd_obj.run()
  File "D:\Program Files\Anaconda3\envs\opencv40\lib\site-packages\setuptools\command\install.py", line 67, in run
    self.do_egg_install()
  File "D:\Program Files\Anaconda3\envs\opencv40\lib\site-packages\setuptools\command\install.py", line 117, in do_egg_install
    cmd.run()
  File "D:\Program Files\Anaconda3\envs\opencv40\lib\site-packages\setuptools\command\easy_install.py", line 411, in run
    self.easy_install(spec, not self.no_deps)
  File "D:\Program Files\Anaconda3\envs\opencv40\lib\site-packages\setuptools\command\easy_install.py", line 642, in easy_install
    with self._tmpdir() as tmpdir:
  File "D:\Program Files\Anaconda3\envs\opencv40\lib\contextlib.py", line 17, in __enter__
    return self.gen.next()
  File "D:\Program Files\Anaconda3\envs\opencv40\lib\site-packages\setuptools\command\easy_install.py", line 631, in _tmpdir
    tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix=six.u("easy_install-"))
  File "D:\Program Files\Anaconda3\envs\opencv40\lib\tempfile.py", line 337, in mkdtemp
    file = _os.path.join(dir, prefix + name + suffix)
  File "D:\Program Files\Anaconda3\envs\opencv40\lib\ntpath.py", line 85, in join
    result_path = result_path + p_path
UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xbb in position 7: ordinal not in range(128)

在python3中导入cv2会爆出一个这样的错误，

['D:\\Program Files\\Anaconda3\\envs\\OpenCV\\lib\\site-packages\\opencv-4.0.0-py3.5.egg\\cv2\\../../python/cv2/python-3.5', '', 'D:\\Program Files\\Anaconda3\\envs\\OpenCV\\python35.zip', 'D:\\Program Files\\Anaconda3\\envs\\OpenCV\\DLLs', 'D:\\Program Files\\Anaconda3\\envs\\OpenCV\\lib', 'D:\\Program Files\\Anaconda3\\envs\\OpenCV', 'D:\\Program Files\\Anaconda3\\envs\\OpenCV\\lib\\site-packages', 'D:\\Program Files\\Anaconda3\\envs\\OpenCV\\lib\\site-packages\\opencv-4.0.0-py3.5.egg', 'D:\\Program Files\\Anaconda3\\envs\\OpenCV\\Lib\\site-packages\\opencv']
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "D:\Program Files\Anaconda3\envs\OpenCV\lib\site-packages\opencv-4.0.0-py3.5.egg\cv2\__init__.py", line 89, in <module>
    bootstrap()
  File "D:\Program Files\Anaconda3\envs\OpenCV\lib\site-packages\opencv-4.0.0-py3.5.egg\cv2\__init__.py", line 79, in bootstrap
    import cv2
  File "D:\Program Files\Anaconda3\envs\OpenCV\lib\site-packages\opencv-4.0.0-py3.5.egg\cv2\__init__.py", line 89, in <module>
    bootstrap()
  File "D:\Program Files\Anaconda3\envs\OpenCV\lib\site-packages\opencv-4.0.0-py3.5.egg\cv2\__init__.py", line 23, in bootstrap
    raise ImportError('ERROR: recursion is detected during loading of "cv2" binary extensions. Check OpenCV installation.')
ImportError: ERROR: recursion is detected during loading of "cv2" binary extensions. Check OpenCV installation.