Flutter之MaterialApp使用详解

来自: https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1337184

字段

类型

navigatorKey(导航键)

GlobalKey<NavigatorState>

home(主页)

Widget

routes(路由)

Map<String, WidgetBuilder>

initialRoute(初始路由)

String

onGenerateRoute(生成路由)

RouteFactory

onUnknownRoute(未知路由)

RouteFactory

navigatorObservers(导航观察器)

List<NavigatorObserver>

builder(建造者)

TransitionBuilder

title(标题)

String

onGenerateTitle(生成标题)

GenerateAppTitle

color(颜色)

Color

theme(主题)

ThemeData

locale(地点)

Locale

localizationsDelegates(本地化委托)

Iterable<LocalizationsDelegate<dynamic>>

localeResolutionCallback(区域分辨回调)

LocaleResolutionCallback

supportedLocales(支持区域)

Iterable<Locale>

debugShowMaterialGrid(调试显示材质网格)

bool

showPerformanceOverlay(显示性能叠加)

bool

checkerboardRasterCacheImages(棋盘格光栅缓存图像)

bool

checkerboardOffscreenLayers(棋盘格层)

bool

showSemanticsDebugger(显示语义调试器)

bool

debugShowCheckedModeBanner(调试显示检查模式横幅)

bool

1. navigatorKey

navigatorKey.currentState 相当于 Navigator.of(context)

使用

  GlobalKey<NavigatorState> _navigatorKey=new GlobalKey(); new MaterialApp( navigatorKey: _navigatorKey, );

2. home

进入程序后显示的第一个页面,传入的是一个Widget,但实际上这个Widget需要包裹一个Scaffold以显示该程序使用Material Design风格

使用

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  // This widget is the root of your application. @override Widget build(BuildContext context) { return new MaterialApp( home: new MyHomePage(), ); } } //这是一个可改变的Widget class MyHomePage extends StatefulWidget { @override _MyHomePageState createState() => new _MyHomePageState(); } class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage> { @override Widget build(BuildContext context) { return new Scaffold( appBar: new AppBar( title: Text('Title'), ), body: Center( child: Text('Home'), ), ); } }

3. routes

声明程序中有哪个通过Navigation.of(context).pushNamed跳转的路由 参数以键值对的形式传递 key:路由名字 value:对应的Widget

使用

new MaterialApp(
      routes: {
       '/home':(BuildContext context) => HomePage(), '/home/one':(BuildContext context) => OnePage(), //.... }, );

4 . initialRoute

初始路由,当用户进入程序时,自动打开对应的路由。 (home还是位于一级) 传入的是上面routes的key 跳转的是对应的Widget(如果该Widget有Scaffold.AppBar,并不做任何修改,左上角有返回键)

使用

new MaterialApp(
      routes: {
       '/home':(BuildContext context) => HomePage(), '/home/one':(BuildContext context) => OnePage(), //.... }, initialRoute: '/home/one', );

5 . onGenerateRoute

当通过Navigation.of(context).pushNamed跳转路由时, 在routes查找不到时,会调用该方法

使用

new MaterialApp(
      routes: {
       '/home':(BuildContext context) => HomePage(), '/home/one':(BuildContext context) => OnePage(), //.... }, onGenerateRoute: (setting){ //setting.isInitialRoute; bool类型 是否初始路由 //setting.name; 要跳转的路由名key return new PageRouteBuilder( pageBuilder: (BuildContext context, _, __) { //这里为返回的Widget return HomePage(); }, opaque: false, //跳转动画 transitionDuration: new Duration(milliseconds: 200), transitionsBuilder: (___, Animation<double> animation, ____, Widget child) { return new FadeTransition( opacity: animation, child: new ScaleTransition( scale: new Tween<double>(begin: 0.5, end: 1.0) .animate(animation), child: child, ), ); }); } );

6 . onUnknownRoute

效果跟onGenerateRoute一样 调用顺序为onGenerateRoute ==> onUnknownRoute

7 . navigatorObservers

路由观察器,当调用Navigator的相关方法时,会回调相关的操作

使用

new MaterialApp(
      navigatorObservers: [
        MyObserver(), ], ); //继承NavigatorObserver class MyObserver extends NavigatorObserver{ @override void didPush(Route route, Route previousRoute) { // 当调用Navigator.push时回调 super.didPush(route, previousRoute); //可通过route.settings获取路由相关内容 //route.currentResult获取返回内容 //....等等 print(route.settings.name); } }

8 . builder

当构建一个Widget前调用 一般做字体大小,方向,主题颜色等配置

使用

new MaterialApp(
      builder: (BuildContext context, Widget child) { return MediaQuery( data: MediaQuery.of(context).copyWith( //字体大小 textScaleFactor: 1.4, ), child: child, ); }, );

9 . title

该标题出现在 Android:任务管理器的程序快照之上 IOS: 程序切换管理器中

使用

new MaterialApp(
      title: 'Flutter应用', );

10 . onGenerateTitle

跟上面的tiitle一样,但含有一个context参数 用于做本地化

new MaterialApp(
      onGenerateTitle: (context){ return 'Flutter应用'; }, );

11 . color

该颜色为Android中程序切换中应用图标背景的颜色,当应用图标背景为透明时

使用

new MaterialApp(
      color: Colors.blue, )

12 . theme

应用程序的主题,各种的定制颜色都可以设置,用于程序主题切换

使用

new MaterialApp(
      theme: new ThemeData( //主题色 primarySwatch: Colors.blue, ), );

13 . locale

当前区域,如果为null则使用系统区域 一般用于语言切换

使用

//传入两个参数,语言代码,国家代码
new MaterialApp(
      Locale('yy','zh'), ); //源码纠正,一些曾经用过的代码(注释后面的日期为不再使用的日期),源码会自动纠正 //来看一下源码 //languageCode 第一个参数 switch (languageCode) { case 'in': return 'id'; // Indonesian; deprecated 1989-01-01 case 'iw': return 'he'; // Hebrew; deprecated 1989-01-01 case 'ji': return 'yi'; // Yiddish; deprecated 1989-01-01 case 'jw': return 'jv'; // Javanese; deprecated 2001-08-13 case 'mo': return 'ro'; // Moldavian, Moldovan; deprecated 2008-11-22 case 'aam': return 'aas'; // Aramanik; deprecated 2015-02-12 case 'adp': return 'dz'; // Adap; deprecated 2015-02-12 case 'aue': return 'ktz'; // =/Kx'au//'ein; deprecated 2015-02-12 case 'ayx': return 'nun'; // Ayi (China); deprecated 2011-08-16 case 'bgm': return 'bcg'; // Baga Mboteni; deprecated 2016-05-30 case 'bjd': return 'drl'; // Bandjigali; deprecated 2012-08-12 case 'ccq': return 'rki'; // Chaungtha; deprecated 2012-08-12 case 'cjr': return 'mom'; // Chorotega; deprecated 2010-03-11 case 'cka': return 'cmr'; // Khumi Awa Chin; deprecated 2012-08-12 case 'cmk': return 'xch'; // Chimakum; deprecated 2010-03-11 case 'coy': return 'pij'; // Coyaima; deprecated 2016-05-30 case 'cqu': return 'quh'; // Chilean Quechua; deprecated 2016-05-30 case 'drh': return 'khk'; // Darkhat; deprecated 2010-03-11 case 'drw': return 'prs'; // Darwazi; deprecated 2010-03-11 case 'gav': return 'dev'; // Gabutamon; deprecated 2010-03-11 case 'gfx': return 'vaj'; // Mangetti Dune !Xung; deprecated 2015-02-12 case 'ggn': return 'gvr'; // Eastern Gurung; deprecated 2016-05-30 case 'gti': return 'nyc'; // Gbati-ri; deprecated 2015-02-12 case 'guv': return 'duz'; // Gey; deprecated 2016-05-30 case 'hrr': return 'jal'; // Horuru; deprecated 2012-08-12 case 'ibi': return 'opa'; // Ibilo; deprecated 2012-08-12 case 'ilw': return 'gal'; // Talur; deprecated 2013-09-10 case 'jeg': return 'oyb'; // Jeng; deprecated 2017-02-23 case 'kgc': return 'tdf'; // Kasseng; deprecated 2016-05-30 case 'kgh': return 'kml'; // Upper Tanudan Kalinga; deprecated 2012-08-12 case 'koj': return 'kwv'; // Sara Dunjo; deprecated 2015-02-12 case 'krm': return 'bmf'; // Krim; deprecated 2017-02-23 case 'ktr': return 'dtp'; // Kota Marudu Tinagas; deprecated 2016-05-30 case 'kvs': return 'gdj'; // Kunggara; deprecated 2016-05-30 case 'kwq': return 'yam'; // Kwak; deprecated 2015-02-12 case 'kxe': return 'tvd'; // Kakihum; deprecated 2015-02-12 case 'kzj': return 'dtp'; // Coastal Kadazan; deprecated 2016-05-30 case 'kzt': return 'dtp'; // Tambunan Dusun; deprecated 2016-05-30 case 'lii': return 'raq'; // Lingkhim; deprecated 2015-02-12 case 'lmm': return 'rmx'; // Lamam; deprecated 2014-02-28 case 'meg': return 'cir'; // Mea; deprecated 2013-09-10 case 'mst': return 'mry'; // Cataelano Mandaya; deprecated 2010-03-11 case 'mwj': return 'vaj'; // Maligo; deprecated 2015-02-12 case 'myt': return 'mry'; // Sangab Mandaya; deprecated 2010-03-11 case 'nad': return 'xny'; // Nijadali; deprecated 2016-05-30 case 'nnx': return 'ngv'; // Ngong; deprecated 2015-02-12 case 'nts': return 'pij'; // Natagaimas; deprecated 2016-05-30 case 'oun': return 'vaj'; // !O!ung; deprecated 2015-02-12 case 'pcr': return 'adx'; // Panang; deprecated 2013-09-10 case 'pmc': return 'huw'; // Palumata; deprecated 2016-05-30 case 'pmu': return 'phr'; // Mirpur Panjabi; deprecated 2015-02-12 case 'ppa': return 'bfy'; // Pao; deprecated 2016-05-30 case 'ppr': return 'lcq'; // Piru; deprecated 2013-09-10 case 'pry': return 'prt'; // Pray 3; deprecated 2016-05-30 case 'puz': return 'pub'; // Purum Naga; deprecated 2014-02-28 case 'sca': return 'hle'; // Sansu; deprecated 2012-08-12 case 'skk': return 'oyb'; // Sok; deprecated 2017-02-23 case 'tdu': return 'dtp'; // Tempasuk Dusun; deprecated 2016-05-30 case 'thc': return 'tpo'; // Tai Hang Tong; deprecated 2016-05-30 case 'thx': return 'oyb'; // The; deprecated 2015-02-12 case 'tie': return 'ras'; // Tingal; deprecated 2011-08-16 case 'tkk': return 'twm'; // Takpa; deprecated 2011-08-16 case 'tlw': return 'weo'; // South Wemale; deprecated 2012-08-12 case 'tmp': return 'tyj'; // Tai Mène; deprecated 2016-05-30 case 'tne': return 'kak'; // Tinoc Kallahan; deprecated 2016-05-30 case 'tnf': return 'prs'; // Tangshewi; deprecated 2010-03-11 case 'tsf': return 'taj'; // Southwestern Tamang; deprecated 2015-02-12 case 'uok': return 'ema'; // Uokha; deprecated 2015-02-12 case 'xba': return 'cax'; // Kamba (Brazil); deprecated 2016-05-30 case 'xia': return 'acn'; // Xiandao; deprecated 2013-09-10 case 'xkh': return 'waw'; // Karahawyana; deprecated 2016-05-30 case 'xsj': return 'suj'; // Subi; deprecated 2015-02-12 case 'ybd': return 'rki'; // Yangbye; deprecated 2012-08-12 case 'yma': return 'lrr'; // Yamphe; deprecated 2012-08-12 case 'ymt': return 'mtm'; // Mator-Taygi-Karagas; deprecated 2015-02-12 case 'yos': return 'zom'; // Yos; deprecated 2013-09-10 case 'yuu': return 'yug'; // Yugh; deprecated 2014-02-28 default: return languageCode; } //_countryCode 第二个参数 switch (_countryCode) { case 'BU': return 'MM'; // Burma; deprecated 1989-12-05 case 'DD': return 'DE'; // German Democratic Republic; deprecated 1990-10-30 case 'FX': return 'FR'; // Metropolitan France; deprecated 1997-07-14 case 'TP': return 'TL'; // East Timor; deprecated 2002-05-20 case 'YD': return 'YE'; // Democratic Yemen; deprecated 1990-08-14 case 'ZR': return 'CD'; // Zaire; deprecated 1997-07-14 default: return regionCode; }

14 . localizationsDelegates

本地化委托,用于更改Flutter Widget默认的提示语,按钮text等

使用

new MaterialApp(
      localizationsDelegates: [
          MyLocalizationsDelegates(), ], locale: Locale('zh','cn'), ); class MyLocalizationsDelegates extends LocalizationsDelegate <MaterialLocalizations>{ @override bool isSupported(Locale locale) { //是否支持该locale,如果不支持会报异常 if(locale == const Locale('zh','cn')){ return true; } return false; } @override//是否需要重载 bool shouldReload(LocalizationsDelegate old) => false; @override Future<MaterialLocalizations> load(Locale locale) { //加载本地化 return new SynchronousFuture(new MyLocalizations(locale)); } } //本地化实现,继承DefaultMaterialLocalizations class MyLocalizations extends DefaultMaterialLocalizations{ final Locale locale; MyLocalizations(this.locale, ); @override String get okButtonLabel { if(locale == const Locale('zh','cn')){ return '好的'; }else{ return super.okButtonLabel; } } @override String get backButtonTooltip { if(locale == const Locale('zh','cn')){ return '返回'; }else{ return super.okButtonLabel; } } }

15 . localeResolutionCallback

当传入的是不支持的语种,可以根据这个回调,返回相近,并且支持的语种

使用

new MaterialApp(
      localeResolutionCallback: (local,support){ if(support.contains(support)){ print('support'); return local; } print('no_support'); return const Locale('us','uk'); }, //这个代码是随便填的,有可能出错 locale: Locale('ze','cn'), );

16 . supportedLocales

传入支持的语种数组

new MaterialApp(
      supportedLocales: [
        const Locale('uok'), const Locale('meg'), ], );

17 . debugShowMaterialGrid

debug模式下是否显示材质网格,传入bool类型,使用就不写了

18 . showPerformanceOverlay

当为true时应用程序顶部覆盖一层GPU和UI曲线图,可即时查看当前流畅度情况

19 . checkerboardRasterCacheImages

当为true时,打开光栅缓存图像的棋盘格

20 . checkerboardOffscreenLayers

当为true时,打开呈现到屏幕位图的层的棋盘格

21 . showSemanticsDebugger

当为true时,打开Widget边框,类似Android开发者模式中显示布局边界

22 . debugShowCheckedModeBanner

当为true时,在debug模式下显示右上角的debug字样的横幅,false即为不显示

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转载自www.cnblogs.com/pythonClub/p/10612846.html