pip换源
一下方法对pip和pip3同时起作用
永久换源
运行一下命令：
cd ~/.pip
如果提示目录不存在的话,我们要自行创建一个,再进入目录
mkdir ~/.pip
cd ~/.pip
在.pip目录下创建一个pip.conf文件
touch pip.conf
编辑pip.conf文件
sudo gedit ~/.pip/pip.conf
打开pip.conf文件窗口,将以下内容复制到文件中:
[global] timeout = 6000 index-url = http://pypi.douban.com/simple [install] trusted-host=pypi.douban.com
临时换源
同样以豆瓣镜像源为例,接下来我们安装pygame包,你可以替换成你想安装的其他包的名字.
pip install pygame -i http://pypi.douban.com/simple
这步如果出错,请将命令变换为
pip install pygame -i http://pypi.douban.com/simple --trusted-host pypi.douban.com
或使用https.
apt-get换源
1.寻找国内镜像源
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/
2.配置source list源
sources.list系统自带的，源是来Ubuntu的官网！安装包比较慢，所以最好切换成国内的。
cd /etc/apt
sudo cp sources.list sources.list.bak
vim sources.list
输入以下内容：
# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释 deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse # 预发布软件源，不建议启用 # deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
3. 更新源
sudo apt-get update
4.测试：安装sl包
sudo apt-get install sl
sl
官方源：
#deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-GNOME 16.04 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20160421)]/ xenial main multiverse restricted universe # See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to # newer versions of the distribution. deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted # deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted ## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the ## distribution. deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted # deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu ## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to ## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in ## universe WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu security ## team. deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe # deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe # deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu ## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to ## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in ## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu ## security team. deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse # deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse # deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse ## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as ## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes ## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features. ## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review ## or updates from the Ubuntu security team. deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's ## 'partner' repository. ## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the ## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users. # deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner # deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse
其他一些命令：
sudo apt-get update 更新源 sudo apt-get install package 安装包 sudo apt-get remove package 删除包 sudo apt-cache search package 搜索软件包 sudo apt-cache show package 获取包的相关信息，如说明、大小、版本等 sudo apt-get install package --reinstall 重新安装包 sudo apt-get -f install 修复安装 sudo apt-get remove package --purge 删除包，包括配置文件等 sudo apt-get build-dep package 安装相关的编译环境 sudo apt-get upgrade 更新已安装的包 sudo apt-get dist-upgrade 升级系统 sudo apt-cache depends package 了解使用该包依赖那些包 sudo apt-cache rdepends package 查看该包被哪些包依赖 sudo apt-get source package 下载该包的源代码 sudo apt-get clean && sudo apt-get autoclean 清理无用的包 sudo apt-get check 检查是否有损坏的依赖
还有一个Ubuntu系统自带的修改安装源的方法，推荐使用，可见博客。
参考链接：
1、Ubuntu 配置pip国内镜像源加速安装 https://blog.csdn.net/YZXnuaa/article/details/79710673
2、Ubuntu 16.04配置国内高速apt-get更新源 https://blog.csdn.net/llljjlj/article/details/81585663