Python学习(四):多线程下载今日头条的街拍图片

本程序使用了MongoDB数据库保存

MongoDB数据库可以保存字典 

使用了进程池Pool

同时下载100页网站的内容

# 使用多进程第街拍图片进行下载,并将图片相关信息保存到MongoDB数据库中
from _md5 import md5

import requests, re, json, pymongo
from multiprocessing import Pool
from urllib.parse import urlencode


class JiePaiSpider(object):
    # 进程池pool无法序列化pymongo对象,因为pymongo数据库中含有线程锁
    # TypeError:can'tpickle_thread.lock objects
    # 建立pymongo的链接
    client = pymongo.MongoClient('localhost')
    db = client['picture']

    def __init__(self):
        self.headers ={
            'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/69.0.3497.12 Safari/537.36'
        }

    def get_list_json(self,offset):
        """
        请求列表页的json接口,获取列表页中的图片信息
        :param offset: 请求接口的偏移量参数
        :return:
        """
        # https://www.toutiao.com/search_content/?offset=0&format=json&keyword=%E8%A1%97%E6%8B%8D&autoload=true&count=20&cur_tab=1&from=search_tab&pd=synthesis
        # 准备接受参数
        params = {
            'offset': offset,
            'format': 'json',
            'keyword': '街拍',
            'autoload': 'true',
            'count': '20',
            'cur_tab': '1',
            'from': 'search_tab',
            'pd': 'synthesis',
        }
        api_url = 'https://www.toutiao.com/search_content/?' + urlencode(params)
        try:
            response = requests.get(api_url, headers=self.headers)
            # 响应状态是200,说明GET请求成功
            if response.status_code == 200:
                return response.text
            else:
                print("请求异常:url:{}, status_code={}".format(api_url, response.status_code))
                return None
        except Exception as e:
            print("请求异常:url:{}, error={}".format(api_url, e))
            return None

    def perse_list_json(self, json_str):
        """
        解析列表页json数据
        :param json_str:
        :return:
        """
        json_dict = json.loads(json_str)
        if 'data' in json_dict.keys():
            # 判断字典json_dict的键中是否包含‘data’,如果有,可以解析,如果没有,可能没哟数据或发生异常
            data_list = json_dict.get('data',None)
            if data_list and len(data_list) > 0:
                # 说明有数据,可以解析
                urls = []
                for item in data_list:
                    if 'single_mode' not in item and 'cell_type' not in item:
                        article_url = item['article_url']
                        urls.append(article_url)
                return urls

    def get_detail_page(self, detail_urls):
        try:
            response = requests.get(detail_urls, headers=self.headers)
            # 响应状态是200,说明GET请求成功
            if response.status_code == 200:
                return response.text
            else:
                print("请求异常:url:{}, status_code={}".format(detail_urls, response.status_code))
                return None
        except Exception as e:
            print("请求异常:url:{}, error={}".format(detail_urls, e))
            return None

    def parse_detail_page(self, detail_html):
        # \(:表示对正则表达式中的(进行转义,转化为一个普通的字符
        js_json_str = re.findall(re.compile(r'gallery: JSON\.parse\((.*?)\),', re.S), detail_html)[0].replace('\\', '').strip('"')
        # 数据保存到MongoDB中
        data_dict = json.loads(js_json_str)
        self.save_dict_to_db(data_dict)

        # 解析Json,取出图片地址,下载到本地
        for item_dict in data_dict['sub_images']:
            img_url = item_dict['url']
            # 根据图片url地址,下载图片
            self.download_image(img_url)

    def download_image(self, img_url):
        response = requests.get(img_url, headers=self.headers)
        if response.status_code == 200:
            # response.text:获取的是文件资源,(json字符串,网页源代码)
            # 但是图片属于二进制资源,图片数据的传输是以二进制流的形式传输的,不在是字符串
            content = response.content
            # md5()函数的参数需要的是一个bytes字节码,不能是str类型的字符串
            # hexdigest():获取随机字符串
            img_name = md5(img_url.encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()
            # 'w':写入普通文本;'wb':专门写入二进制数据(图片,音频,视频)
            f = open('imgs/{}.jpg'.format(img_name),'wb')
            f.write(content)
            f.close()
        else:
            print('图片请求失败:{}'.format(img_url))

    def save_dict_to_db(self, dic):
        self.db['img'].insert_one(dic)

    def start_spider(self,offset):
        print('正在请求偏移量为{}的图片'.format(offset))
        json_str = self.get_list_json(offset)
        if json_str:
            urls = self.perse_list_json(json_str)
            for detail_url in urls:
                detail_html = self.get_detail_page(detail_url)
                if detail_html:
                    self.parse_detail_page(detail_html)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    jp = JiePaiSpider()
    pool = Pool(3)
    pool.map(jp.start_spider, [x for x in range(0, 101) if x % 20 == 0])
    pool.close()
    pool.join()


猜你喜欢

转载自blog.csdn.net/Xu_sa_sa/article/details/86317179