Hive的配置| 架构原理

Hive是基于Hadoop的一个数据仓库工具，可以将结构化的数据文件映射为一张表，并提供类SQL查询功能。

本质是：将HQL转化成MapReduce程序

1）Hive处理的数据存储在HDFS

2）Hive分析数据底层的实现是MapReduce

3）执行程序运行在Yarn上

Hive架构原理

Hive安装及配置

（1）把apache-hive-1.2.1-bin.tar.gz上传到linux的/opt/software目录下
（2）解压apache-hive-1.2.1-bin.tar.gz到/opt/module/目录下面
　　[kris@hadoop101 software]$ tar -zxvf apache-hive-1.2.1-bin.tar.gz -C /opt/module/
（3）修改apache-hive-1.2.1-bin.tar.gz的名称为hive
　　[kris@hadoop101 module]$ mv apache-hive-1.2.1-bin/ hive
（4）修改/opt/module/hive/conf目录下的hive-env.sh.template名称为hive-env.sh
　　[kris@hadoop101 conf]$ mv hive-env.sh.template hive-env.sh
（5）配置hive-env.sh文件
    （a）配置HADOOP_HOME路径
　　　　　　export HADOOP_HOME=/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2
    （b）配置HIVE_CONF_DIR路径
　　　　　　export HIVE_CONF_DIR=/opt/module/hive/conf

 Hadoop集群配置

Hadoop集群配置
（1）必须启动hdfs和yarn
　　start-dfs.sh 
若启动时出现nodenode进程或其他，受到Ha的影响，删除data数据，可重新格式化；
　　killall java
[kris@hadoop101 ~]$ cd /tmp/
[kris@hadoop101 tmp]$ rm -rf *.pid

　　start-yarn.sh
在HDFS上创建/tmp和/user/hive/warehouse两个目录并修改他们的同组权限可写，看下没有这个文件（一般启动之后就会产生）就创建并修改权限；
[kris@hadoop101 tmp]$ hadoop fs -chmod 777 /tmp/ 
[kris@hadoop101 tmp]$ hadoop fs -chmod g+w /user/hive/warehouse

　　可直接启动hive

　　[kris@hadoop101 hive]$ bin/hive

将本地文件导入hive：

　　在/opt/module/目录下创建datas
　　[atguigu@hadoop102 module]$ mkdir datas
　　在/opt/module/datas/目录下创建student.txt文件并添加数据

hive> create table student(id int, name string) ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED
    >  BY '\t';
OK
Time taken: 0.298 seconds
hive> load data local inpath '/opt/module/datas/student.txt' into table student;
Loading data to table default.student
Table default.student stats: [numFiles=2, numRows=0, totalSize=330, rawDataSize=0]
OK
Time taken: 0.729 seconds
hive> show tables;
OK
student
Time taken: 0.021 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)
hive> select * from student;
OK
1001    ss1
1002    ss2
1003    ss3
1004    ss4
1005    ss5

MySql安装

iGD2pY1XQycacXKc
sudo rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.24-1.el6.x86_64.rpm 

sudo cat /root/.mysql_secret
sudo rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.6.24-1.el6.x86_64.rpm 

 sudo service mysql start
  mysql -uroot -p iGD2pY1XQycacXKc

mysql> show databases;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must SET PASSWORD before executing this statement
mysql> set password=password("123456");
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit;
Bye
[kris@hadoop101 software]$ mysql -uroot -p123456
use mysql;
mysql> select user, host, password from user;
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| user | host      | password                                  |
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| root | localhost | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
| root | hadoop101 | *F989EA3B224D436B6BEAEAEB2E879B7E765C28C5 |
| root | 127.0.0.1 | *F989EA3B224D436B6BEAEAEB2E879B7E765C28C5 |
| root | ::1       | *F989EA3B224D436B6BEAEAEB2E879B7E765C28C5 |
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> delete from user where host<>"localhost";
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> update user set host='%' where host='localhost';
mysql> flush privileges;

Hive元数据配置到MySql

拷贝驱动

[kris@hadoop101 software]$ tar -zxf mysql-connector-java-5.1.27.tar.gz  
[kris@hadoop101 software]$ ll
总用量 200936
drwxr-xr-x. 4 kris kris     4096 10月 24 2013 mysql-connector-java-5.1.27
[kris@hadoop101 mysql-connector-java-5.1.27]$ cp mysql-connector-java-5.1.27-bin.jar /opt/module/hive/lib/

配置Metastore到MySql

　　1．在/opt/module/hive/conf目录下创建一个hive-site.xml
　　　　[kris@hadoop101 conf]$ touch hive-site.xml
　　　　[kris@hadoop101 conf]$ vi hive-site.xml
　　2．根据官方文档配置参数，拷贝数据到hive-site.xml文件中

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
<configuration>
        <property>
          <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
          <value>jdbc:mysql://hadoop101:3306/metastore?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>
          <description>JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore</description>
        </property>

        <property>
          <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
          <value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
          <description>Driver class name for a JDBC metastore</description>
        </property>

        <property>
          <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
          <value>root</value>
          <description>username to use against metastore database</description>
        </property>

        <property>
          <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
          <value>123456</value>
          <description>password to use against metastore database</description>
        </property>
</configuration>

[kris@hadoop101 hive]$ bin/hive
Logging initialized using configuration in jar:file:/opt/module/hive/lib/hive-common-1.2.1.jar!/hive-log4j.properties
hive>

多窗口启动Hive测试

1．先启动MySQL
[kris@hadoop101 hive]$ mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| metastore          |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.02 sec)
2．再次打开多个窗口，分别启动hive
[kris@hadoop101 hive]$ bin/hive
3．启动hive后，回到MySQL窗口查看数据库，显示增加了metastore数据库

[kris@hadoop101 hive]$ bin/hiveserver2  //它就相当于是SQL Parser解析器+Physical Plan编辑器+优化器+执行器

[kris@hadoop101 hive]$ bin/beeline     //它就相当于是Client + Driver + CLI + JDBC
Beeline version 1.2.1 by Apache Hive
beeline> !connect jdbc:hive2://hadoop101:10000      //必须把bin/hiveserver2启动了才能启动它，它们是配套的
Connecting to jdbc:hive2://hadoop101:10000
Enter username for jdbc:hive2://hadoop101:10000: kris
Enter password for jdbc:hive2://hadoop101:10000: 
Connected to: Apache Hive (version 1.2.1)
Driver: Hive JDBC (version 1.2.1)
Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
0: jdbc:hive2://hadoop101:10000> show databases;
+----------------+--+
| database_name  |
+----------------+--+
| default        |
+----------------+--+
1 row selected (1.233 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://hadoop101:10000> 
发现这里发生变化：它会记录查询情况，是否出错
[kris@hadoop101 hive]$ bin/hiveserver2 
OK

Hive常用交互命令

[kris@hadoop101 hive]$ bin/hive -e "select * from student;"

Logging initialized using configuration in jar:file:/opt/module/hive/lib/hive-common-1.2.1.jar!/hive-log4j.properties
OK
1001    ss1
1002    ss2
1003    ss3
写入文件中：
[kris@hadoop101 datas]$ vim hivef.sql
select * from student;
[kris@hadoop101 hive]$ bin/hive -f /opt/module/datas/hivef.sql 

Logging initialized using configuration in jar:file:/opt/module/hive/lib/hive-common-1.2.1.jar!/hive-log4j.properties
OK
1001    ss1
1002    ss2
1003    ss3

hive> dfs -ls /;
Found 2 items
drwxrwxr-x   - kris supergroup          0 2019-02-13 15:59 /tmp
drwxr-xr-x   - kris supergroup          0 2019-02-13 15:54 /user
hive> !ls /opt/module/datas
    > ;
business.txt
dept.txt
emp_sex.txt
emp.txt
hivef.sql
location.txt
log.data
score.txt
student.txt
hive> 

查看在hive中输入的所有历史命令
    （1）进入到当前用户的根目录/root或/home/atguigu
    （2）查看. hivehistory文件
[kris@hadoop101 ~]$ cat .hivehistory