该文章安装的是CPU版的caffe!
一、安装依赖
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install -y libopencv-dev
sudo apt-get install -y build-essential cmake git pkg-config
sudo apt-get install -y libprotobuf-dev libleveldb-dev libsnappy-dev libhdf5-serial-dev protobuf-compiler
sudo apt-get install -y liblapack-dev
sudo apt-get install -y libatlas-base-dev
sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends libboost-all-dev
sudo apt-get install -y libgflags-dev libgoogle-glog-dev liblmdb-dev
sudo apt-get install -y python-pip
sudo apt-get install -y python-dev
sudo apt-get install -y python-numpy python-scipy
sudo apt-get install -y python3-dev
sudo apt-get install -y python3-numpy python3-scipy
二、下载caffe
使用一下命令下载
git clone https://github.com/BVLC/caffe.git
三、开始安装
1.进入caffe的python目录
如果需要Caffe的Python接口，切换到caffe下的python目录下，输入以下命令下载python依赖库（先安装pip）：
cd caffe/python/
sudo apt-get install python-pip
for req in $(cat requirements.txt); do pip install $req; done
2.拷贝一个安装配置文件
cp Makefile.config.example Makefile.config
3.然后修改 Makefile.config 文件，在 caffe 目录下打开该文件：
sudo gedit Makefile.config
1.将
#CPU_ONLY := 1
改为
CPU_ONLY := 1
2.应用 opencv 版本，将
#OPENCV_VERSION := 3
修改为：
OPENCV_VERSION := 3
3.使用 python 接口,将
#WITH_PYTHON_LAYER := 1
修改为
WITH_PYTHON_LAYER := 1
4.修改重要的一项
将# Whatever else you find you need goes here.下面的
INCLUDE_DIRS := $(PYTHON_INCLUDE) /usr/local/include
LIBRARY_DIRS := $(PYTHON_LIB) /usr/local/lib /usr/lib
修改为：
INCLUDE_DIRS := $(PYTHON_INCLUDE) /usr/local/include /usr/include/hdf5/serial
LIBRARY_DIRS := $(PYTHON_LIB) /usr/local/lib /usr/lib usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/hdf5/serial
这是因为ubuntu16.04的文件包含位置发生了变化，尤其是需要用到的hdf5的位置，所以需要更改这一路径
修改后的文件如下：
## Refer to http://caffe.berkeleyvision.org/installation.html
# Contributions simplifying and improving our build system are welcome!
# cuDNN acceleration switch (uncomment to build with cuDNN).
# USE_CUDNN := 1
# CPU-only switch (uncomment to build without GPU support).
CPU_ONLY := 1
# uncomment to disable IO dependencies and corresponding data layers
# USE_OPENCV := 0
# USE_LEVELDB := 0
# USE_LMDB := 0
# This code is taken from https://github.com/sh1r0/caffe-android-lib
# USE_HDF5 := 0
# uncomment to allow MDB_NOLOCK when reading LMDB files (only if necessary)
# You should not set this flag if you will be reading LMDBs with any
# possibility of simultaneous read and write
# ALLOW_LMDB_NOLOCK := 1
# Uncomment if you're using OpenCV 3
OPENCV_VERSION := 3
# To customize your choice of compiler, uncomment and set the following.
# N.B. the default for Linux is g++ and the default for OSX is clang++
# CUSTOM_CXX := g++
# CUDA directory contains bin/ and lib/ directories that we need.
CUDA_DIR := /usr/local/cuda
# On Ubuntu 14.04, if cuda tools are installed via
# "sudo apt-get install nvidia-cuda-toolkit" then use this instead:
# CUDA_DIR := /usr
# CUDA architecture setting: going with all of them.
# For CUDA < 6.0, comment the *_50 through *_61 lines for compatibility.
# For CUDA < 8.0, comment the *_60 and *_61 lines for compatibility.
# For CUDA >= 9.0, comment the *_20 and *_21 lines for compatibility.
CUDA_ARCH := -gencode arch=compute_20,code=sm_20 \
-gencode arch=compute_20,code=sm_21 \
-gencode arch=compute_30,code=sm_30 \
-gencode arch=compute_35,code=sm_35 \
-gencode arch=compute_50,code=sm_50 \
-gencode arch=compute_52,code=sm_52 \
-gencode arch=compute_60,code=sm_60 \
-gencode arch=compute_61,code=sm_61 \
-gencode arch=compute_61,code=compute_61
# BLAS choice:
# atlas for ATLAS (default)
# mkl for MKL
# open for OpenBlas
BLAS := atlas
# Custom (MKL/ATLAS/OpenBLAS) include and lib directories.
# Leave commented to accept the defaults for your choice of BLAS
# (which should work)!
# BLAS_INCLUDE := /path/to/your/blas
# BLAS_LIB := /path/to/your/blas
# Homebrew puts openblas in a directory that is not on the standard search path
# BLAS_INCLUDE := $(shell brew --prefix openblas)/include
# BLAS_LIB := $(shell brew --prefix openblas)/lib
# This is required only if you will compile the matlab interface.
# MATLAB directory should contain the mex binary in /bin.
# MATLAB_DIR := /usr/local
# MATLAB_DIR := /Applications/MATLAB_R2012b.app
# NOTE: this is required only if you will compile the python interface.
# We need to be able to find Python.h and numpy/arrayobject.h.
PYTHON_INCLUDE := /usr/include/python2.7 \
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/core/include
# Anaconda Python distribution is quite popular. Include path:
# Verify anaconda location, sometimes it's in root.
# ANACONDA_HOME := $(HOME)/anaconda
# PYTHON_INCLUDE := $(ANACONDA_HOME)/include \
# $(ANACONDA_HOME)/include/python2.7 \
# $(ANACONDA_HOME)/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include
# Uncomment to use Python 3 (default is Python 2)
# PYTHON_LIBRARIES := boost_python3 python3.5m
# PYTHON_INCLUDE := /usr/include/python3.5m \
# /usr/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/numpy/core/include
# We need to be able to find libpythonX.X.so or .dylib.
PYTHON_LIB := /usr/lib
# PYTHON_LIB := $(ANACONDA_HOME)/lib
# Homebrew installs numpy in a non standard path (keg only)
# PYTHON_INCLUDE += $(dir $(shell python -c 'import numpy.core; print(numpy.core.__file__)'))/include
# PYTHON_LIB += $(shell brew --prefix numpy)/lib
# Uncomment to support layers written in Python (will link against Python libs)
WITH_PYTHON_LAYER := 1
# Whatever else you find you need goes here.
#INCLUDE_DIRS := $(PYTHON_INCLUDE) /usr/local/include
#LIBRARY_DIRS := $(PYTHON_LIB) /usr/local/lib /usr/lib
INCLUDE_DIRS := $(PYTHON_INCLUDE) /usr/local/include /usr/include/hdf5/serial
LIBRARY_DIRS := $(PYTHON_LIB) /usr/local/lib /usr/lib /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/hdf5/serial
# If Homebrew is installed at a non standard location (for example your home directory) and you use it for general dependencies
# INCLUDE_DIRS += $(shell brew --prefix)/include
# LIBRARY_DIRS += $(shell brew --prefix)/lib
# NCCL acceleration switch (uncomment to build with NCCL)
# https://github.com/NVIDIA/nccl (last tested version: v1.2.3-1+cuda8.0)
# USE_NCCL := 1
# Uncomment to use `pkg-config` to specify OpenCV library paths.
# (Usually not necessary -- OpenCV libraries are normally installed in one of the above $LIBRARY_DIRS.)
# USE_PKG_CONFIG := 1
# N.B. both build and distribute dirs are cleared on `make clean`
BUILD_DIR := build
DISTRIBUTE_DIR := distribute
# Uncomment for debugging. Does not work on OSX due to https://github.com/BVLC/caffe/issues/171
# DEBUG := 1
# The ID of the GPU that 'make runtest' will use to run unit tests.
TEST_GPUID := 0
# enable pretty build (comment to see full commands)
Q ?= @
4.修改 caffe 目录下的 Makefile 文件：
1.将：
NVCCFLAGS +=-ccbin=$(CXX) -Xcompiler-fPIC $(COMMON_FLAGS)
替换为：
NVCCFLAGS += -D_FORCE_INLINES -ccbin=$(CXX) -Xcompiler -fPIC $(COMMON_FLAGS)
2.将：
LIBRARIES += glog gflags protobuf boost_system boost_filesystem m hdf5_hl hdf5
改为：
LIBRARIES += glog gflags protobuf boost_system boost_filesystem m hdf5_serial_hl hdf5_serial opencv_core opencv_imgproc opencv_imgcodecs opencv_highgui
5.开始编译
make all
make test
make runtest
make pycaffe
如果所有测试都通过，则说明安装好了。
6.测试
测试Caffe的Python接口，切换到caffe/python文件目录下，输入：
python
import caffe
如果没有报错，证明安装成功。
7.添加环境变量
把环境变量路径放到 ~/.bashrc文件中
修改环境变量：
cd ~
sudo gedit ~/.bashrc
再打开文件的最后一行加入下面一行,比如我的
export PYTHONPATH=/home/gs/caffe/python:$PYTHONPATH
这里的路径是你的caffe-master下的python路径
然后更新环境变量source .bashrc
然后再任意路劲测试第三步的两条命令是否成功。
四、跑个小程序测试
https://www.cnblogs.com/denny402/p/5075490.html
五、caffe感觉安装不对重新编译安装
1.更新了内核代码后，即更新了配置文件，要在caffe-master的文件路径里执行如下步骤：
make clean
make all
make test
make runtest
2.再重新编译python接口
make pycaffe
3.测试是否成功
python
import caffe
如果提示没有这个包的话，进到caffe-master/python/路径下，输入前两个命令，如果没有报错，那就是环境变量出了问题。
修改环境变量：
cd ~
sudo gedit ~/.bashrc
再打开文件的最后一行加入下面一行,比如我的
export PYTHONPATH=/home/gs/caffe/python:$PYTHONPATH
这里的路径是你的caffe-master下的python路径
然后更新环境变量source .bashrc
然后再任意路劲测试第三步的两条命令是否成功。