算法设计课第三周作业

算法设计课第三周作业

一、题目介绍

Given an array with n objects colored red, white or blue, sort them in-place so that objects of the same color are adjacent, with the colors in the order red, white and blue.
Here, we will use the integers 0, 1, and 2 to represent the color red, white, and blue respectively.
Note: You are not suppose to use the library’s sort function for this problem.
Example:

Input: [2,0,2,1,1,0]
Output: [0,0,1,1,2,2]

二、题目要求

Follow up:

  • A rather straight forward solution is a two-pass algorithm using counting sort.
    First, iterate the array counting number of 0’s, 1’s, and 2’s, then overwrite array with total number of 0’s, then 1’s and followed by 2’s.
  • Could you come up with a one-pass algorithm using only constant space?

三、解题思路

  1. 遍历该数组;
  2. 任一时刻发现0时,就先把2往后“挪”一个位置,再把1往后“挪”一个位置,最后再把0放在出现的空位上,也就是原本所有已经出现了的0的队列的最后;
  3. 任一时刻发现1时,就先把2往后“挪”一个位置,最后再把1放在出现的空位上,也就是原本所有已经出现了的1的队列的最后;
  4. 任一时刻发现2时,直接把2放到原本所有已经出现了的2的队列的最后。

四、代码展示

class Solution {
public:
    void sortColors(vector<int>& nums) {
        int p0 = -1, p1 = -1, p2 = -1;
        for (int i = 0; i < nums.size(); i++) {
         if (nums[i] == 0) {
          nums[++p2] = 2;
          nums[++p1] = 1;
          nums[++p0] = 0;
         }
         else if (nums[i] == 1) {
          nums[++p2] = 2;
          nums[++p1] = 1;
         }
         else {
         nums[++p2] = 2;
         }
  }
    }
};

五、代码解析

  1. p0、p1、p2 分别表示当前时刻已经出现了的0、1、2的队列的末尾的位置;
  2. 按照解题思路中的描述,当出现0时,把2和1的队列按照先后顺序往后移动一个位置,再把0放到0队列末端。
  3. 1、2 同理。

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转载自blog.csdn.net/weixin_38873581/article/details/82823122
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