《面向对象程序设计（java）》第十七周学习总结
第一部分：实验部分
实验名称：实验十七 线程同步控制
1、实验目的与要求
(1) 掌握线程同步的概念及实现技术；
(2) 线程综合编程练习
2、实验内容和步骤
实验1：测试程序并进行代码注释。
测试程序1：
l 在Elipse环境下调试教材651页程序14-7，结合程序运行结果理解程序；
l 掌握利用锁对象和条件对象实现的多线程同步技术。
1 package synch; 2 3 import java.util.*; 4 import java.util.concurrent.locks.*; 5 6 /** 7 * A bank with a number of bank accounts that uses locks for serializing access. 8 * @version 1.30 2004-08-01 9 * @author Cay Horstmann 10 */ 11 public class Bank 12 { 13 private final double[] accounts;//银行运转的基本数据 14 private Lock bankLock;//锁对象 15 private Condition sufficientFunds;// 16 17 /** 18 * Constructs the bank. 19 * @param n the number of accounts 20 * @param initialBalance the initial balance for each account 21 */ 22 public Bank(int n, double initialBalance) 23 { 24 accounts = new double[n]; 25 Arrays.fill(accounts, initialBalance); 26 bankLock = new ReentrantLock(); 27 sufficientFunds = bankLock.newCondition(); 28 } 29 30 /** 31 * Transfers money from one account to another. 32 * @param from the account to transfer from 33 * @param to the account to transfer to 34 * @param amount the amount to transfer 35 */ 36 public void transfer(int from, int to, double amount) throws InterruptedException 37 { 38 bankLock.lock(); 39 try 40 {//锁对象的引用条件对象 41 while (accounts[from] < amount) 42 sufficientFunds.await(); 43 System.out.print(Thread.currentThread());//打印出线程号 44 accounts[from] -= amount; 45 System.out.printf(" %10.2f from %d to %d", amount, from, to); 46 accounts[to] += amount; 47 System.out.printf(" Total Balance: %10.2f%n", getTotalBalance()); 48 sufficientFunds.signal(); 49 } 50 finally 51 { 52 bankLock.unlock(); 53 } 54 } 55 56 /** 57 * Gets the sum of all account balances. 58 * @return the total balance 59 */ 60 public double getTotalBalance() 61 { 62 bankLock.lock();//加锁 63 try 64 { 65 double sum = 0; 66 67 for (double a : accounts) 68 sum += a; 69 70 return sum; 71 } 72 finally 73 { 74 bankLock.unlock();//解锁 75 } 76 } 77 78 /** 79 * Gets the number of accounts in the bank. 80 * @return the number of accounts 81 */ 82 public int size() 83 { 84 return accounts.length; 85 } 86 }
1 package synch; 2 3 /** 4 * This program shows how multiple threads can safely access a data structure. 5 * @version 1.31 2015-06-21 6 * @author Cay Horstmann 7 */ 8 public class SynchBankTest 9 { 10 public static final int NACCOUNTS = 100; 11 public static final double INITIAL_BALANCE = 1000; 12 public static final double MAX_AMOUNT = 1000; 13 public static final int DELAY = 10; 14 15 public static void main(String[] args) 16 { 17 Bank bank = new Bank(NACCOUNTS, INITIAL_BALANCE); 18 for (int i = 0; i < NACCOUNTS; i++) 19 { 20 int fromAccount = i; 21 Runnable r = () -> { 22 try 23 { 24 while (true) 25 { 26 int toAccount = (int) (bank.size() * Math.random()); 27 double amount = MAX_AMOUNT * Math.random(); 28 bank.transfer(fromAccount, toAccount, amount); 29 Thread.sleep((int) (DELAY * Math.random())); 30 } 31 } 32 catch (InterruptedException e) 33 { 34 } 35 }; 36 Thread t = new Thread(r); 37 t.start(); 38 } 39 } 40 }
运行结果如下：
测试程序2：
l 在Elipse环境下调试教材655页程序14-8，结合程序运行结果理解程序；
l 掌握synchronized在多线程同步中的应用。
1 package synch2; 2 3 import java.util.*; 4 5 /** 6 * A bank with a number of bank accounts that uses synchronization primitives. 7 * @version 1.30 2004-08-01 8 * @author Cay Horstmann 9 */ 10 public class Bank 11 { 12 private final double[] accounts; 13 14 /** 15 * Constructs the bank. 16 * @param n the number of accounts 17 * @param initialBalance the initial balance for each account 18 */ 19 public Bank(int n, double initialBalance) 20 { 21 accounts = new double[n]; 22 Arrays.fill(accounts, initialBalance); 23 } 24 25 /** 26 * Transfers money from one account to another. 27 * @param from the account to transfer from 28 * @param to the account to transfer to 29 * @param amount the amount to transfer 30 */ 31 public synchronized void transfer(int from, int to, double amount) throws InterruptedException 32 { 33 while (accounts[from] < amount) 34 wait();//导致线程进入等待状态直到它被通知。该方法只能在一个同步方法中调用。 35 System.out.print(Thread.currentThread());//打印出线程号 36 accounts[from] -= amount; 37 System.out.printf(" %10.2f from %d to %d", amount, from, to);//第一个打印结果保留两位小数（最大范围是十位）， 38 accounts[to] += amount; 39 System.out.printf(" Total Balance: %10.2f%n", getTotalBalance()); 40 notifyAll();//解除那些在该对象上调用wait方法的线程阻塞状态。该方法只能在同步方法或同步块内部调用。 41 } 42 43 /** 44 * Gets the sum of all account balances. 45 * @return the total balance 46 */ 47 public synchronized double getTotalBalance() 48 { 49 double sum = 0; 50 51 for (double a : accounts) 52 sum += a; 53 54 return sum; 55 } 56 57 /** 58 * Gets the number of accounts in the bank. 59 * @return the number of accounts 60 */ 61 public int size() 62 { 63 return accounts.length; 64 } 65 }
1 package synch2; 2 3 /** 4 * This program shows how multiple threads can safely access a data structure, 5 * using synchronized methods. 6 * @version 1.31 2015-06-21 7 * @author Cay Horstmann 8 */ 9 public class SynchBankTest2 10 { 11 public static final int NACCOUNTS = 100; 12 public static final double INITIAL_BALANCE = 1000; 13 public static final double MAX_AMOUNT = 1000; 14 public static final int DELAY = 10; 15 16 public static void main(String[] args) 17 { 18 Bank bank = new Bank(NACCOUNTS, INITIAL_BALANCE); 19 for (int i = 0; i < NACCOUNTS; i++) 20 { 21 int fromAccount = i; 22 Runnable r = () -> { 23 try 24 { 25 while (true) 26 { 27 int toAccount = (int) (bank.size() * Math.random()); 28 double amount = MAX_AMOUNT * Math.random(); 29 bank.transfer(fromAccount, toAccount, amount); 30 Thread.sleep((int) (DELAY * Math.random())); 31 } 32 } 33 catch (InterruptedException e) 34 { 35 } 36 }; 37 Thread t = new Thread(r); 38 t.start(); 39 } 40 } 41 }
运行结果如下：
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测试程序3：
l 在Elipse环境下运行以下程序，结合程序运行结果分析程序存在问题；
l 尝试解决程序中存在问题。
| class Cbank { private static int s=2000; public static void sub(int m) { int temp=s; temp=temp-m; try { Thread.sleep((int)(1000*Math.random())); } catch (InterruptedException e) { } s=temp; System.out.println("s="+s); } }
class Customer extends Thread { public void run() { for( int i=1; i<=4; i++) Cbank.sub(100); } } public class Thread3 { public static void main(String args[]) { Customer customer1 = new Customer(); Customer customer2 = new Customer(); customer1.start(); customer2.start(); } } |
1 class Cbank 2 { 3 private static int s=2000; 4 synchronized public static void sub(int m) 5 { 6 int temp=s; 7 temp=temp-m; 8 try { 9 Thread.sleep((int)(1000*Math.random())); 10 } 11 catch (InterruptedException e) { } 12 s=temp; 13 System.out.println("s="+s); 14 } 15 } 16 17 18 class Customer extends Thread 19 { 20 21 public void run() 22 { 23 for( int i=1; i<=4; i++) 24 Cbank.sub(100); 25 } 26 } 27 public class Thread3 28 { 29 public static void main(String args[]) 30 { 31 Customer customer1 = new Customer(); 32 Customer customer2 = new Customer(); 33 customer1.start(); 34 customer2.start(); 35 } 36 }
运行结果如下：
实验2 编程练习
利用多线程及同步方法，编写一个程序模拟火车票售票系统，共3个窗口，卖10张票，程序输出结果类似（程序输出不唯一，可以是其他类似结果）。
Thread-0窗口售：第1张票
Thread-0窗口售：第2张票
Thread-1窗口售：第3张票
Thread-2窗口售：第4张票
Thread-2窗口售：第5张票
Thread-1窗口售：第6张票
Thread-0窗口售：第7张票
Thread-2窗口售：第8张票
Thread-1窗口售：第9张票
Thread-0窗口售：第10张票
1 public class Demo { 2 public static void main(String[] args) { 3 Mythread mythread = new Mythread(); 4 Thread t1 = new Thread(mythread); 5 Thread t2 = new Thread(mythread); 6 Thread t3 = new Thread(mythread); 7 t1.start(); 8 t2.start(); 9 t3.start(); 10 } 11 } 12 13 class Mythread implements Runnable { 14 int t = 1; 15 boolean flag = true; 16 17 @Override 18 public void run() { 19 // TODO Auto-generated method stub 20 while (flag) { 21 try { 22 Thread.sleep(500); 23 } catch (Exception e) { 24 // TODO: handle exception 25 e.printStackTrace(); 26 } 27 28 synchronized (this) { 29 if (t <= 10) { 30 System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "窗口售：第" + t + "张票"); 31 t++; 32 } 33 if (t > 10) { 34 flag = false; 35 } 36 } 37 38 } 39 } 40 }
运行结果如下：
4. 实验总结：
通过本学期的实验课程学习，真的学到了很多，尤其是在老师和助教学长的耐心指导下，从最开始JDK的安装到后来自己能写出可以运行的程序，很开心。