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产生值为NaN的double类型变量d1和Double类型变量d2,使用==、equals()进行比较,结果如注释:
double d1 = 0.0/0.0;
Double d2 = 0.0/0.0;
System.out.println(d1 == d1);//false
System.out.println(d2.equals(d1));//true
当d1与自身进行==比较时判断为false不相等,可以简单认为:
double类型值中的NaN表示“不是一个数”,NaN参与数值比较时可以为任意值,所以d1 == d1为false;
但是d2.equals(d1)为什么返回为true呢?打开Double重写的equals():
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
return (obj instanceof Double)
&& (doubleToLongBits(((Double)obj).value) ==
doubleToLongBits(value));
}
可以看到equals()方法里不是简单地比较obj.doubleValue()返回的double值,而是比较doubleToLongBits()方法的返回值,继续查看该方法:
/**
* Returns a representation of the specified floating-point value
* according to the IEEE 754 floating-point "double
* format" bit layout.
*
* <p>Bit 63 (the bit that is selected by the mask
* {@code 0x8000000000000000L}) represents the sign of the
* floating-point number. Bits
* 62-52 (the bits that are selected by the mask
* {@code 0x7ff0000000000000L}) represent the exponent. Bits 51-0
* (the bits that are selected by the mask
* {@code 0x000fffffffffffffL}) represent the significand
* (sometimes called the mantissa) of the floating-point number.
*
* <p>If the argument is positive infinity, the result is
* {@code 0x7ff0000000000000L}.
*
* <p>If the argument is negative infinity, the result is
* {@code 0xfff0000000000000L}.
*
* <p>If the argument is NaN, the result is
* {@code 0x7ff8000000000000L}.
*
* <p>In all cases, the result is a {@code long} integer that, when
* given to the {@link #longBitsToDouble(long)} method, will produce a
* floating-point value the same as the argument to
* {@code doubleToLongBits} (except all NaN values are
* collapsed to a single "canonical" NaN value).
*
* @param value a {@code double} precision floating-point number.
* @return the bits that represent the floating-point number.
*/
public static long doubleToLongBits(double value) {
long result = doubleToRawLongBits(value);
// Check for NaN based on values of bit fields, maximum
// exponent and nonzero significand.
if ( ((result & DoubleConsts.EXP_BIT_MASK) ==
DoubleConsts.EXP_BIT_MASK) &&
(result & DoubleConsts.SIGNIF_BIT_MASK) != 0L)
result = 0x7ff8000000000000L;
return result;
}
方法通过位运算区分了一般值和0x7ff8000000000000L,备注中对这个值进行了解释:“If the argument is NaN, the result is{@code 0x7ff8000000000000L}.”。同时,在备注也能清楚的看到“all NaN values are collapsed to a single "canonical" NaN value”。
值为NaN的double变量传入doubleToLongBits()方法,返回特殊值。equals()返回对两个相同特殊值==比较的结果,所以d2.equals(d1)判断为true。
通对float、Float类型进行相同测试,结果相同。