手把手教自己搭建最全ssm框架

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一、了解什么是ssm框架

SSM（Spring+SpringMVC+MyBatis）框架集由Spring、MyBatis两个开源框架整合而成（SpringMVC是Spring中的部分内容）。常作为数据源较简单的web项目的框架。

Spring就像是整个项目中装配bean的大工厂，在配置文件中可以指定使用特定的参数去调用实体类的构造方法来实例化对象。Spring的核心思想是IoC（控制反转），即不再需要程序员去显式地new一个对象，而是让Spring框架帮你来完成这一切。

SpringMVC在项目中拦截用户请求，它的核心Servlet即DispatcherServlet承担中介或是前台这样的职责，将用户请求通过HandlerMapping去匹配Controller，Controller就是具体对应请求所执行的操作。SpringMVC相当于SSH框架中struts。

mybatis是对jdbc的封装，它让数据库底层操作变的透明。mybatis的操作都是围绕一个sqlSessionFactory实例展开的。mybatis通过配置文件关联到各实体类的Mapper文件，Mapper文件中配置了每个类对数据库所需进行的sql语句映射。在每次与数据库交互时，通过sqlSessionFactory拿到一个sqlSession，再执行sql命令。

页面发送请求给控制器，控制器调用业务层处理逻辑，逻辑层向持久层发送请求，持久层与数据库交互，后将结果返回给业务层，业务层将处理逻辑发送给控制器，控制器再调用视图展现数据。

二、目录结构

大致讲解一下：
这是一个用idea创建的maven项目，entity为实体层,dao为数据访问层，service为业务逻辑层，web为控制层。resources为资源文件夹，mappers中是dao里面的xml映射文件;spring包主要是用来扫描配置dao、service、web的配置文件;generatorConfig.xml为mybatis-genertor自动生产实体类和数据访问层的配置文件;logBack.xml是配置日志框架logBack;test为单元测试包。

三、配置maven项目依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>nf147.lzx.ssm.ssm_post_mvcStudy</groupId>
  <artifactId>ssm_post_mvcStudy</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>

  <name>ssm_post_mvcStudy Maven Webapp</name>
  <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
  <url>http://www.example.com</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    <spring.version>5.1.0.RELEASE</spring.version>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.12</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!-- Spring Web MVC -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- servlet 系列的支持 -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax</groupId>
      <artifactId>javaee-api</artifactId>
      <version>8.0</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
      <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>

    <!--mybatis数据分页-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.github.pagehelper</groupId>
      <artifactId>pagehelper</artifactId>
      <version>5.1.7</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- Springframework -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
      <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
      <version>1.9.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- MyBatis -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
      <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
      <version>3.4.6</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
      <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
      <version>1.3.2</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- 数据库驱动以及数据库连接池-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.mariadb.jdbc</groupId>
      <artifactId>mariadb-java-client</artifactId>
      <version>2.3.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
      <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
      <version>0.9.5.2</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- 日志框架 -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
      <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
      <version>1.0.13</version>
    </dependency>


    <!-- 通用工具 -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
      <version>2.9.7</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- 单元测试 -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>


    <!-- 表单验证 -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
      <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
      <version>6.0.13.Final</version>
    </dependency>


  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <finalName>ssm_blog</finalName>
    <!--配置mybatis-generator自动生成插件-->
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.mybatis.generator</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis-generator-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>1.3.7</version>
        <dependencies>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mariadb.jdbc</groupId>
            <artifactId>mariadb-java-client</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.0</version>
          </dependency>
        </dependencies>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
    <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.0.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.0.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.7.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.20.1</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.2.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.5.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.8.2</version>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
  </build>
</project>

四、resources资源文件配置

1.配置jdbc.properties

jdbc.driver=org.mariadb.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mariadb://localhost:3306/testdb
jdbc.user=root
jdbc.password=password

2.配置logBack.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration>
    <appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
        <layout class="ch.qos.logback.classic.PatternLayout">
            <Pattern>
                %msg%n
            </Pattern>
        </layout>
    </appender>
	<!--监听数据访问层-->
    <logger name="com.lzx.dao" level="TRACE" />

    <root level="error">
        <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
    </root>
</configuration>

3.配置mybatis-config.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" 
	"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">

<configuration>
    <settings>
        <!-- 使用jdbc的getGeneratedKeys获取数据库自增主键值 -->
        <setting name="useGeneratedKeys" value="true" />
        <!-- 使用列别名替换列名 默认:true -->
        <setting name="useColumnLabel" value="true" />
        <!-- 开启驼峰命名转换:Table {create_time} -> Entity {createTime} -->
        <setting name="mapUnderscoreToCamelCase" value="true" />
        <!--配置日志框架-->
        <setting name="logImpl" value="SLF4J"/>
    </settings>
    <!--数据分页插件-->
    <plugins>
        <plugin interceptor="com.github.pagehelper.PageInterceptor" />
    </plugins>
</configuration>

4、配置generatorConfig.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE generatorConfiguration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD MyBatis Generator Configuration 1.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-generator-config_1_0.dtd">

<generatorConfiguration>
    <!--jdbc 驱动包，等-->
    <!--<classPathEntry location="/Program Files/IBM/SQLLIB/java/db2java.zip" />-->
    <context id="generatorContext" targetRuntime="MyBatis3Simple">

        <commentGenerator>
            <property name="suppressAllComments" value="true" />
        </commentGenerator>
        <!--读取数据库-->
        <jdbcConnection driverClass="org.mariadb.jdbc.Driver"
                        connectionURL="jdbc:mariadb://localhost/testdb"
                        userId="root"
                        password="123456">
        </jdbcConnection>
        <!--生成实体类-->
        <javaModelGenerator targetPackage="com.lzx.entity" targetProject="src\main\java">
            <property name="trimStrings" value="true" />
        </javaModelGenerator>
        <!--生成xml映射文件-->
        <sqlMapGenerator targetPackage="mappers"  targetProject="src\main\resources">
        </sqlMapGenerator>
        <!--生成数据访问层接口-->
        <javaClientGenerator type="XMLMAPPER" targetPackage="com.lzx.dao"  targetProject="src\main\java">
        </javaClientGenerator>
        <!--需要扫描表格-->
        <table tableName="%">
            <property name="useActualColumnNames" value="true"/>
        </table>
    </context>
</generatorConfiguration>

5.spring文件夹下的spring-dao.xml、spring-service.xml、spring-web.xml

spring-dao.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!--使用外部文件-->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties" />

    <!--创建数据源-->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
        <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}" />
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}" />
        <property name="user" value="${jdbc.user}" />
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />

        <property name="maxPoolSize" value="30" />
        <property name="minPoolSize" value="10" />
        <property name="autoCommitOnClose" value="false" />
        <property name="checkoutTimeout" value="10000" />
        <property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="2" />
    </bean>

    <!--配置 mybatis-->
    <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
        <property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="com.lzx.entity" />
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml" />
        <property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:mappers/*.xml" />
    </bean>

    <!--自动注入 Mapper-->
    <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
        <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory" />
        <property name="basePackage" value="com.lzx.dao" />
    </bean>

    <!--配置声明式事务管理-->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
    </bean>
    <tx:annotation-driven proxy-target-class="true" />

</beans>

spring-service.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">

    <!--启用注解-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.lzx.service" />

    <!-- 启用 aspectj 方式 AOP-->
    <aop:aspectj-autoproxy proxy-target-class="true" />

</beans>

spring-web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:contxt="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <!--启用注解扫描-->
    <contxt:component-scan base-package="com.lzx.web" />

    <!--启用 mvc 的常用注解-->
    <!--<mvc:annotation-driven />-->


    <mvc:annotation-driven validator="myValidator"/>
    <!--自定义验证器 -->
    <!--<bean id="myValidator" class="com.lzx.validator.MyValidator"/>-->

    <!--JSR303 验证-->
    <bean id="myValidator" class="org.springframework.validation.beanvalidation.LocalValidatorFactoryBean">
        <property name="providerClass" value="org.hibernate.validator.HibernateValidator" />
        <property name="validationMessageSource" ref="messageSource" />
    </bean>

    <!--实现i18n国际化-->
    <bean id="localeResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.i18n.SessionLocaleResolver">
        <property name="defaultLocale" value="zh" />
    </bean>

    <!--负责加载外部语言文件的-->
    <bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ReloadableResourceBundleMessageSource">
        <property name="basename" value="classpath:messages/language" />
        <property name="defaultEncoding" value="GBK" />
    </bean>

    <!--配置css文件夹在哪-->
    <bean id="themeSource" class="org.springframework.ui.context.support.ResourceBundleThemeSource">
        <property name="basenamePrefix" value="themes/" /> <!-- 哪个文件夹里 -->
    </bean>

    <!-- 【可选】 -->
    <!-- 默认情况下，使用的是 FixedThemeResolver 来确定主题名字，默认名字为 theme -->
    <!-- 可以根据实际情况配置为 SessionThemeResovler/CookieThemeResolver -->
    <bean id="themeResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.theme.SessionThemeResolver">
        <property name="defaultThemeName" value="default" /> <!-- 默认主题文件的名字，如果不设置，名为 theme -->
    </bean>

    <!--将所有的静态资源交还 Servlet 处理-->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler />

    <!--配置返回页面-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" />
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
    </bean>

    <!--配置上传下载-->
    <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.support.StandardServletMultipartResolver" />
</beans>

五、配置web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>

  <!--RESTful过滤器，针对delete和put请求-->
  <filter>
    <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>
  <filter>
    <filter-name>HttpPutFormContentFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HttpPutFormContentFilter</filter-class>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>HttpPutFormContentFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

  <!--解决中文乱码-->
  <filter>
    <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    <async-supported>true</async-supported>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>encoding</param-name>
      <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>


  <!--配置 Spring 的容器-->
  <context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath*:spring/spring-*.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>
  <listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>

  <!--配置 MVC 容器-->
  <!--将所有的请求都交给 Spring MVC 处理-->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>app</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:spring/spring-web.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>

    <!--配置文件的上传和下载-->
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    <multipart-config>
      <!--<location>d:/idea/image</location>-->
      <max-file-size>-1</max-file-size>
      <max-request-size>-1</max-request-size>
    </multipart-config>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>app</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

六、编写测试类的父类

BaseMybatis.java： 不依赖spring容器，实现测试数据访问层

public class BaseMyBatisTest {
    static SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;
    static SqlSession sqlSession;

    @BeforeClass
    public static void initSqlSessionFactory() throws IOException {
        String resources = "mybatis-config.xml";
        InputStream in = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resources);
        sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(in);
        sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
    }

    @AfterClass
    public static void destroySqlSession(){
        sqlSession.close();
    }
}

BaseTestSpring.java: 依赖spring容器的测试

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration({"classpath:spring/spring-dao.xml","classpath:spring/spring-service.xml","classpath:spring/spring-web.xml"})
public class BaseSpringTest {

}