SpringBoot 入门之一：Configuration 和 Properties

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pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

	<groupId>com.example</groupId>
	<artifactId>demoPro</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<packaging>jar</packaging>

	<name>demoPro</name>
	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>1.4.0.RELEASE</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>

	<properties>
		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
		<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
			<version>1.3.2</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
		
		<!-- MYSQL -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>mysql</groupId>
			<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<!-- Spring Boot JDBC -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
			<optional>true</optional>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>


</project>

Applicatoin.java

package com.test;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportResource;


@ImportResource(locations={"classpath:beans.xml"})		// 此处是为了能过通过IOC方式获取某个bean
@SpringBootApplication
//@EnableAutoConfiguration(exclude={DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class})
public class DemoProApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(DemoProApplication.class, args);
	}
}

application.properties, 注意此处通过激活方式类引用其他的properties文件，文件名如 application-testData.properties

spring.profiles.active=testData


spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/testDB
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.max-idle=10
spring.datasource.max-wait=10000
spring.datasource.min-idle=5
spring.datasource.initial-size=5

 application-testData.properties

server.port=8888

person.name=Shawn
person.age=23
person.birth=2018-01-01
person.maps.k1=v1
person.maps.k2=value2
person.lists=one,two,three
person.dog.name=Godname
person.dog.age=3

Person类

package com.test.JavaBean;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Email;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated;

/*
 *
 * @ConfigurationProperties 	如果，我们有javebean需要和peoperty中的属性来映射获值，则用@ConfigurationProperties,默认从全局文件中获取
 * @Value						如果我们只是在某个业务逻辑中从peoperty文件中获取某个或几个简单类型的值，用@Value方式获取
 */


@PropertySource(value = {"classpath:application-testData.properties"})	// 可以指定某个或某些配置文件，效果同@ConfigurationProperties
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix="person")		//	前缀跟properties文件里的父节点匹配，映射properties中对应属性的值到当前javabean，此Bean需要get set方法
@Validated										// 此注解可以做JSR303数据验证，只适用于@ConfigurationProperties 方式注入，@value不适用
public class Person {

	private String name;
	private Integer age;
	private  String birth;
	private Map<String, Object> maps;			// 如果获取map类型的值，只适用于@ConfigurationProperties 方式注入获取，@value不适用
	private List<Object> lists;
	private Dog dog;
	
	
	@Email
	@Value("[email protected]")							// 此处会验证email的值，如果格式错误 会报错
	private String email;
	
	
	@Value("${person.name}")
	private String tempName;					// 此处 用 Value注解方式获取值
	
	
	@Value("${person.lists}")
	private List tempLists;

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		String personStrt =  "Person [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", birth=" + birth + ", maps=" + maps + ", lists=" + lists
				+ ", dog=" + dog + "]";
		
		
		System.out.println(tempName);
		System.out.println(email);	
		System.out.println(tempLists);	
		
		return personStrt;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public Integer getAge() {
		return age;
	}

	public void setAge(Integer age) {
		this.age = age;
	}

	public String getBirth() {
		return birth;
	}

	public void setBirth(String birth) {
		this.birth = birth;
	}

	public Map<String, Object> getMaps() {
		return maps;
	}

	public void setMaps(Map<String, Object> maps) {
		this.maps = maps;
	}

	public List<Object> getLists() {
		return lists;
	}

	public void setLists(List<Object> lists) {
		this.lists = lists;
	}

	public Dog getDog() {
		return dog;
	}

	public void setDog(Dog dog) {
		this.dog = dog;
	}

}

 SpringTest 测试类

package com.test;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Email;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportResource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated;

import com.test.JavaBean.Dog;
import com.test.JavaBean.Person;

@Validated	
@SpringBootTest
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class DemoProApplicationTests {

	@Autowired
	Person person1;
	
	@Test
	public void contextLoads() {				// 通过上下文person对象会在它自己类中从priperties文件注入值
		System.out.println(person1);
	}
	
	@Email
	@Value("[email protected]")							// 此处会验证email的值，如果格式错误 会报错
	private String email;
	
	
	@Value("${person.lists}")						// 此处 用 Value注解方式获取值
	private List tempLists;
	
	@Test
	public void getPersonValues(){					// 通过Person类中 @ConfigurationProperties注解类匹配属性名来获取值
		System.out.println(person1.getName());
		System.out.println(person1.getAge());
		System.out.println(person1.getBirth());
		System.out.println(person1.getMaps());
		System.out.println(person1.getLists());
		System.out.println(tempLists);
	}
	
	@Autowired
	ApplicationContext ioc;
	
	@Test
	public void testContainsHelloService() {
		boolean res = ioc.containsBean("helloService");
		System.out.println(res);
	}
	
	
}

注意：

Application类和Test类所在的包，必须处在其他业务逻辑包的上层，才可以在启动时顺利注入其他类和配置。