目标跟踪
本文主要介绍cv2中的视频分析Camshift和Meanshift。
目标：
学习Meanshift算法和Camshift算法来寻找和追踪视频中的目标物体
Meanshift算法：
meanshift算法的原理很简单。假设你有一堆点集，例如直方图反向投影得到的点集。
你还有一个小的窗口，这个窗口可能是圆形的，现在你可能要移动这个窗口到点集密度最大的区域当中。
如下图：
最开始的窗口是蓝色圆环的区域，命名为C1。蓝色圆环的重音用一个蓝色的矩形标注，命名为C1_o。
然而，你发现在这个窗口当中所有点的点集构成的质心在蓝色圆形点处。而且，圆环的型心和质心并不重合。所以，移动蓝色的窗口，使得型心与之前得到的质心重合。在新移动后的圆环的区域当中再次寻找圆环当中所包围点集的质心，然后再次移动，通常情况下，型心和质心是不重合的。不断执行上面的移动过程，直到型心和质心大致重合结束。
这样，最后圆形的窗口会落到像素分布最大的地方，也就是图中的绿色圈，命名为C2。
meanshift算法不仅仅限制在二维的图像处理问题当中，同样也可以使用于高维的数据处理。可以通过选取不同的核函数，来改变区域当中偏移向量的权重，最后meanshift算法的过程一定会收敛到某一个位置。（可证明）
meanshift算法除了应用在视频追踪当中，在聚类，平滑等等各种涉及到数据以及非监督学习的场合当中均有重要应用，是一个应用广泛的算法。
假如在二维环境当中，meanshift算法处理的数据是一群离散的二维点集，但是图像是一个矩阵信息，如何在一个视频当中使用meanshift算法来追踪一个运动的物体呢？
大致流程如下：
1.首先在图像上使用矩形框或者圆形框选定一个目标区域
2.计算选定好区域的直方图分布。
3.对下一帧图像b同样计算直方图分布。
4.计算图像b当中与选定区域直方图分布最为相似的区域，使用meanshift算法将选定区域沿着最为相似的部分进行移动。（样例当中使用的是直方图反向投影）
5.重复3到4的过程。
OpenCV中的meanshift算法：
在opencv中使用meanshift算法，首先要设定目标，找到它的直方图，然后可以对这个直方图在每一帧当中进行反向投影。我们需要提供一个初试的窗口位置，计算HSV模型当中H(色调)的直方图。为了避免低亮度造成的影响，使用 cv2.inRange()将低亮度值忽略。
import cv2
import numpy as np
# 设置初始化的窗口位置
r,h,c,w = 0,100,0,100 # 设置初试窗口位置和大小
track_window = (c,r,w,h)
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
ret, frame= cap.read()
# 设置追踪的区域
roi = frame[r:r+h, c:c+w]
# roi区域的hsv图像
hsv_roi = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2HSV)
# 取值hsv值在(0,60,32)到(180,255,255)之间的部分
mask = cv2.inRange(hsv_roi, np.array((0., 60.,32.)), np.array((180.,255.,255.)))
# 计算直方图,参数为 图片(可多)，通道数，蒙板区域，直方图长度，范围
roi_hist = cv2.calcHist([hsv_roi],[0],mask,[180],[0,180])
# 归一化
cv2.normalize(roi_hist,roi_hist,0,255,cv2.NORM_MINMAX)
# 设置终止条件，迭代10次或者至少移动1次
term_crit = ( cv2.TERM_CRITERIA_EPS | cv2.TERM_CRITERIA_COUNT, 10, 1 )
while(1):
ret, frame = cap.read()
if ret == True:
# 计算每一帧的hsv图像
hsv = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2HSV)
# 计算反向投影
dst = cv2.calcBackProject([hsv],[0],roi_hist,[0,180],1)
# 调用meanShift算法在dst中寻找目标窗口，找到后返回目标窗口
ret, track_window = cv2.meanShift(dst, track_window, term_crit)
# Draw it on image
x,y,w,h = track_window
img2 = cv2.rectangle(frame, (x,y), (x+w,y+h), 255,2)
cv2.imshow('img2',img2)
if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord('q'):
break
cap.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
CamShift算法：
在视频或者是摄像头当中，如果被追踪的物体迎面过来，由于透视效果，物体会放大。之前设置好的窗口区域大小会不合适。
OpenCV实验室实现了一个CAMshift算法，首先使用meanshift算法找到目标，然后调整窗口大小，而且还会计算目标对象的的最佳外接圆的角度，并调整窗口。并使用调整后的窗口对物体继续追踪。
使用方法与meanShift算法一样，不过返回的是一个带有旋转角度的矩形。
Camshift，连续的自适应MeanShift算法，是对MeanShift算法的改进算法，可以在跟踪的过程中随着目标大小的变化实时调整搜索窗口大小，对于视频序列中的每一帧还是采用MeanShift来寻找最优迭代结果，至于如何实现自动调整窗口大小的，可以查到的论述较少，我的理解是通过对MeanShift算法中零阶矩的判断实现的。
代码：
1.python版本：可以自行通过鼠标设置区域进行追踪
import cv2
import numpy as np
xs, ys, ws, hs = 0, 0, 0, 0 # selection.x selection.y
xo, yo = 0, 0 # origin.x origin.y
selectObject = False
trackObject = 0
def onMouse(event, x, y, flags, prams):
global xs, ys, ws, hs, selectObject, xo, yo, trackObject
if selectObject == True:
xs = min(x, xo)
ys = min(y, yo)
ws = abs(x - xo)
hs = abs(y - yo)
if event == cv2.EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN:
xo, yo = x, y
xs, ys, ws, hs = x, y, 0, 0
selectObject = True
elif event == cv2.EVENT_LBUTTONUP:
selectObject = False
trackObject = -1
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
ret, frame = cap.read()
cv2.namedWindow('imshow')
cv2.setMouseCallback('imshow', onMouse)
term_crit = (cv2.TERM_CRITERIA_EPS | cv2.TERM_CRITERIA_COUNT, 10, 1)
while (True):
ret, frame = cap.read()
if trackObject != 0:
hsv = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2HSV)
mask = cv2.inRange(hsv, np.array((0., 30., 10.)), np.array((180., 256., 255.)))
if trackObject == -1:
track_window = (xs, ys, ws, hs)
maskroi = mask[ys:ys + hs, xs:xs + ws]
hsv_roi = hsv[ys:ys + hs, xs:xs + ws]
roi_hist = cv2.calcHist([hsv_roi], [0], maskroi, [180], [0, 180])
cv2.normalize(roi_hist, roi_hist, 0, 255, cv2.NORM_MINMAX)
trackObject = 1
dst = cv2.calcBackProject([hsv], [0], roi_hist, [0, 180], 1)
dst &= mask
ret, track_window = cv2.CamShift(dst, track_window, term_crit)
pts = cv2.boxPoints(ret)
pts = np.int0(pts)
img2 = cv2.polylines(frame, [pts], True, 255, 2)
if selectObject == True and ws > 0 and hs > 0:
cv2.imshow('imshow1', frame[ys:ys + hs, xs:xs + ws])
cv2.bitwise_not(frame[ys:ys + hs, xs:xs + ws], frame[ys:ys + hs, xs:xs + ws])
cv2.imshow('imshow', frame)
if cv2.waitKey(10) == 27:
break
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
对应的C++版本：
//---------------------------------【头文件、命名空间包含部分】----------------------------
// 描述：包含程序所使用的头文件和命名空间
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include "opencv2/video/tracking.hpp"
#include "opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp"
#include "opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp"
#include <iostream>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <windows.h>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;
//-----------------------------------【全局变量声明】-----------------------------------------
// 描述：声明全局变量
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mat image;
bool backprojMode = false;
bool selectObject = false;
int trackObject = 0;
bool showHist = true;
Point origin;
Rect selection;
int vmin = 10, vmax = 256, smin = 30;
//--------------------------------【onMouse( )回调函数】------------------------------------
// 描述：鼠标操作回调
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
static void onMouse( int event, int x, int y, int, void* )
{
if( selectObject )
{
selection.x = MIN(x, origin.x);
selection.y = MIN(y, origin.y);
selection.width = std::abs(x - origin.x);
selection.height = std::abs(y - origin.y);
selection &= Rect(0, 0, image.cols, image.rows);
}
switch( event )
{
//此句代码的OpenCV2版为：
//case CV_EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN:
//此句代码的OpenCV3版为：
case EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN:
origin = Point(x,y);
selection = Rect(x,y,0,0);
selectObject = true;
break;
//此句代码的OpenCV2版为：
//case CV_EVENT_LBUTTONUP:
//此句代码的OpenCV3版为：
case EVENT_LBUTTONUP:
selectObject = false;
if( selection.width > 0 && selection.height > 0 )
trackObject = -1;
break;
}
}
//--------------------------------【help( )函数】----------------------------------------------
// 描述：输出帮助信息
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
static void ShowHelpText()
{
cout <<"\n\n\t\t\t非常感谢购买《OpenCV3编程入门》一书！\n"
<<"\n\n\t\t\t此为本书OpenCV3版的第8个配套示例程序\n"
<< "\n\n\t\t\t 当前使用的OpenCV版本为：" << CV_VERSION
<<"\n\n ----------------------------------------------------------------------------" ;
cout << "\n\n\t此Demo显示了基于均值漂移的追踪（tracking）技术\n"
"\t请用鼠标框选一个有颜色的物体，对它进行追踪操作\n";
cout << "\n\n\t操作说明： \n"
"\t\t用鼠标框选对象来初始化跟踪\n"
"\t\tESC - 退出程序\n"
"\t\tc - 停止追踪\n"
"\t\tb - 开/关-投影视图\n"
"\t\th - 显示/隐藏-对象直方图\n"
"\t\tp - 暂停视频\n";
}
const char* keys =
{
"{1| | 0 | camera number}"
};
//-----------------------------------【main( )函数】--------------------------------------------
// 描述：控制台应用程序的入口函数，我们的程序从这里开始
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int main( int argc, const char** argv )
{
ShowHelpText();
VideoCapture cap;
Rect trackWindow;
int hsize = 16;
float hranges[] = {0,180};
const float* phranges = hranges;
cap.open(0);
//cap.open("H:\\opencv\\ai.avi");
if( !cap.isOpened() )
{
cout << "不能初始化摄像头\n";
}
namedWindow( "Histogram", 0 );//颜色直方图窗口
namedWindow( "CamShift Demo", 0 );//跟踪图像窗口
setMouseCallback( "CamShift Demo", onMouse, 0 );//关联鼠标事件
createTrackbar( "Vmin", "CamShift Demo", &vmin, 256, 0 );//颜色空间参数设置
createTrackbar( "Vmax", "CamShift Demo", &vmax, 256, 0 );
createTrackbar( "Smin", "CamShift Demo", &smin, 256, 0 );
Mat frame, hsv, hue, mask, hist, histimg = Mat::zeros(200, 320, CV_8UC3), backproj;
bool paused = false;//暂停
LARGE_INTEGER _start, _stop;
double start, stop;
for(;;)
{
QueryPerformanceCounter(&_start);
start = (double)_start.QuadPart; //获得计数器计数初值
if( !paused )
{
cap >> frame;
if( frame.empty() )
break;
}
QueryPerformanceCounter(&_stop); //获取计数器当前值
stop = (double)_stop.QuadPart;
cout << (stop - start) * 10 / 25332 << endl;;
frame.copyTo(image);
if( !paused )//如果么有暂停。。。要是我就不会那么多事设置一个暂停在这
{
cvtColor(image, hsv, COLOR_BGR2HSV);//将图像转换为hsv颜色空间
if( trackObject )//只有等于0的时候不跟踪？
{
int _vmin = vmin, _vmax = vmax;//颜色空间参数
inRange(hsv, Scalar(0, smin, MIN(_vmin,_vmax)),
Scalar(180, 256, MAX(_vmin, _vmax)), mask);
int ch[] = {0, 0};
hue.create(hsv.size(), hsv.depth());//反向直方图
mixChannels(&hsv, 1, &hue, 1, ch, 1);
if( trackObject < 0 )//已经用鼠标选取完区域后就可以跟踪了。。
{
Mat roi(hue, selection), maskroi(mask, selection);
calcHist(&roi, 1, 0, maskroi, hist, 1, &hsize, &phranges);
//此句代码的OpenCV3版为：
normalize(hist, hist, 0, 255, NORM_MINMAX);
//此句代码的OpenCV2版为：
//normalize(hist, hist, 0, 255, CV_MINMAX);
trackWindow = selection;
trackObject = 1;
histimg = Scalar::all(0);
int binW = histimg.cols / hsize;
Mat buf(1, hsize, CV_8UC3);
for( int i = 0; i < hsize; i++ )
buf.at<Vec3b>(i) = Vec3b(saturate_cast<uchar>(i*180./hsize), 255, 255);
//此句代码的OpenCV3版为：
cvtColor(buf, buf, COLOR_HSV2BGR);
//此句代码的OpenCV2版为：
//cvtColor(buf, buf, CV_HSV2BGR);
for( int i = 0; i < hsize; i++ )
{
int val = saturate_cast<int>(hist.at<float>(i)*histimg.rows/255);
rectangle( histimg, Point(i*binW,histimg.rows),
Point((i+1)*binW,histimg.rows - val),
Scalar(buf.at<Vec3b>(i)), -1, 8 );
}
}
calcBackProject(&hue, 1, 0, hist, backproj, &phranges);
cv::imshow("backproj", backproj);
backproj &= mask;
RotatedRect trackBox = CamShift(backproj, trackWindow,
//此句代码的OpenCV3版为：
TermCriteria( TermCriteria::EPS | TermCriteria::COUNT, 10, 1 ));
//此句代码的OpenCV2版为：
//TermCriteria( CV_TERMCRIT_EPS | CV_TERMCRIT_ITER, 10, 1 ));
if( trackWindow.area() <= 1 )
{
int cols = backproj.cols, rows = backproj.rows, r = (MIN(cols, rows) + 5)/6;
trackWindow = Rect(trackWindow.x - r, trackWindow.y - r,
trackWindow.x + r, trackWindow.y + r) &
Rect(0, 0, cols, rows);
}
if( backprojMode )
cvtColor( backproj, image, COLOR_GRAY2BGR );
//此句代码的OpenCV3版为：
ellipse( image, trackBox, Scalar(0,0,255), 3, LINE_AA );
//此句代码的OpenCV2版为：
//ellipse( image, trackBox, Scalar(0,0,255), 3, CV_AA );
}
}
else if( trackObject < 0 )//也就是说鼠标选定区域后，暂停键失效
paused = false;
if( selectObject && selection.width > 0 && selection.height > 0 )
{
Mat roi(image, selection);
bitwise_not(roi, roi);
}
cv::imshow( "CamShift Demo", image );
cv::imshow( "Histogram", histimg );
char c = (char)waitKey(90);
if( c == 27 )
break;
switch(c)
{
case 'b':
backprojMode = !backprojMode;
break;
case 'c':
trackObject = 0;
histimg = Scalar::all(0);
break;
case 'h':
showHist = !showHist;
if( !showHist )
destroyWindow( "Histogram" );
else
namedWindow( "Histogram", 1 );
break;
case 'p':
paused = !paused;
break;
case 'k':
{
imwrite("pic.jpg", image);
break;
}
default:
;
}
}
return 0;
}
效果：
或者直接预定义：
'''
import numpy as np
import cv2
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
# take first frame of the video
ret,frame = cap.read()
# setup initial location of window
r,h,c,w = 300,200,400,300 # simply hardcoded the values
track_window = (c,r,w,h)
roi = frame[r:r+h, c:c+w]
hsv_roi = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2HSV)
mask = cv2.inRange(hsv_roi, np.array((100., 30.,32.)), np.array((180.,120.,255.)))
roi_hist = cv2.calcHist([hsv_roi],[0],mask,[180],[0,180])
cv2.normalize(roi_hist,roi_hist,0,255,cv2.NORM_MINMAX)
term_crit = ( cv2.TERM_CRITERIA_EPS | cv2.TERM_CRITERIA_COUNT, 10, 1 )
while(1):
ret ,frame = cap.read()
if ret == True:
hsv = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2HSV)
dst = cv2.calcBackProject([hsv],[0],roi_hist,[0,180],1)
ret, track_window = cv2.CamShift(dst, track_window, term_crit)
pts = cv2.boxPoints(ret)
pts = np.int0(pts)
img2 = cv2.polylines(frame,[pts],True, 255,2)
cv2.imshow('img2',img2)
k = cv2.waitKey(60) & 0xff
if k == 27:
break
else:
break
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
cap.release()
'''
import cv2
import numpy as np
# 设置初始化的窗口位置
r,h,c,w = 0,100,0,100 # 设置初试窗口位置和大小
track_window = (c,r,w,h)
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
ret, frame= cap.read()
# 设置追踪的区域
roi = frame[r:r+h, c:c+w]
# roi区域的hsv图像
hsv_roi = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2HSV)
# 取值hsv值在(0,60,32)到(180,255,255)之间的部分
mask = cv2.inRange(hsv_roi, np.array((0., 60.,32.)), np.array((180.,255.,255.)))
# 计算直方图,参数为 图片(可多)，通道数，蒙板区域，直方图长度，范围
roi_hist = cv2.calcHist([hsv_roi],[0],mask,[180],[0,180])
# 归一化
cv2.normalize(roi_hist,roi_hist,0,255,cv2.NORM_MINMAX)
# 设置终止条件，迭代10次或者至少移动1次
term_crit = ( cv2.TERM_CRITERIA_EPS | cv2.TERM_CRITERIA_COUNT, 10, 1 )
while(1):
ret, frame = cap.read()
if ret == True:
# 计算每一帧的hsv图像
hsv = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2HSV)
# 计算反向投影
dst = cv2.calcBackProject([hsv],[0],roi_hist,[0,180],1)
# 调用meanShift算法在dst中寻找目标窗口，找到后返回目标窗口
ret, track_window = cv2.CamShift(dst, track_window, term_crit)
# Draw it on image
pts = cv2.boxPoints(ret)
pts = np.int0(pts)
img2 = cv2.polylines(frame,[pts],True, 255,2)
cv2.imshow('img2',img2)
if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord('q'):
break
cap.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
背景分割：
视频的背景分割
本文用到的视频traffic.flv，来源于原作者Github，地址为：
https://github.com/techfort/pycv/tree/master/chapter8/surveillance_demo
OpenCV中有几种背景分割器(Background Subtractor)，这里使用最常用的两种:
K-Nearest (KNN)
Mixture of Gaussian (MOG2)
KNN背景分割器：
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import cv2
# Step1. 构造VideoCapture对象
cap = cv2.VideoCapture('traffic.flv')
# Step2. 创建一个背景分割器
# createBackgroundSubtractorKNN()函数里，可以指定detectShadows的值
# detectShadows=True，表示检测阴影，反之不检测阴影
knn = cv2.createBackgroundSubtractorKNN(detectShadows=True)
while True :
ret, frame = cap.read() # 读取视频
fgmask = knn.apply(frame) # 背景分割
cv2.imshow('frame', fgmask) # 显示分割结果
if cv2.waitKey(100) & 0xff == ord('q'):
break
cap.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
运行效果如下：
MOG2背景分割器的小例子
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import cv2
# Step1. 构造VideoCapture对象
cap = cv2.VideoCapture('traffic.flv')
# Step2. 创建一个背景分割器
# createBackgroundSubtractorMOG2()函数里，可以指定detectShadows的值
# detectShadows=True，表示检测阴影，反之不检测阴影
mog = cv2.createBackgroundSubtractorMOG2()
while True :
ret, frame = cap.read() # 读取视频
fgmask = mog.apply(frame) # 背景分割
cv2.imshow('frame', fgmask) # 显示分割结果
if cv2.waitKey(100) & 0xff == ord('q'):
break
cap.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
运动检测跟踪的小例子
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import cv2
# Step1. 初始化VideoCapture对象
cap = cv2.VideoCapture('traffic.flv')
# Step2. 使用KNN背景分割器
knn= cv2.createBackgroundSubtractorKNN(detectShadows=True)
while True :
ret, frame = cap.read()
fgmask = knn.apply(frame) # 分割背景
# 阈值化，将非纯白色（244~255）的所有像素设为0
th = cv2.threshold(fgmask.copy(), 244, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)[1]
# 为了使效果更好，进行一次膨胀
dilated = cv2.dilate(th, cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_ELLIPSE, (3,3)), iterations=2)
# 检测轮廓
image, contours, hier = cv2.findContours(dilated, cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
# 绘制轮廓
for c in contours:
if cv2.contourArea(c) > 1600:
(x,y,w,h) = cv2.boundingRect(c)
cv2.rectangle(frame, (x,y), (x+w, y+h), (0,255,0), 2)
cv2.imshow('detection', frame)
if cv2.waitKey(100) & 0xff == ord('q'):
break
cap.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
Surveillance Demo: Tracking Pedestrians in Camera Feed
#! /usr/bin/python
# 目标跟踪
"""Surveillance Demo: Tracking Pedestrians in Camera Feed
The application opens a video (could be a camera or a video file)
and tracks pedestrians in the video.
"""
__author__ = "joe minichino"
__copyright__ = "property of mankind."
__license__ = "MIT"
__version__ = "0.0.1"
__maintainer__ = "Joe Minichino"
__email__ = "[email protected]"
__status__ = "Development"
import cv2
import numpy as np
import os.path as path
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("-a", "--algorithm",
help="m (or nothing) for meanShift and c for camshift")
args = vars(parser.parse_args())
def center(points):
"""calculates centroid of a given matrix"""
x = (points[0][0] + points[1][0] + points[2][0] + points[3][0]) / 4
y = (points[0][1] + points[1][1] + points[2][1] + points[3][1]) / 4
return np.array([np.float32(x), np.float32(y)], np.float32)
font = cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX
class Pedestrian():
"""Pedestrian class
each pedestrian is composed of a ROI, an ID and a Kalman filter
so we create a Pedestrian class to hold the object state
"""
def __init__(self, id, frame, track_window):
"""init the pedestrian object with track window coordinates"""
# set up the roi
self.id = int(id)
x, y, w, h = track_window
self.track_window = track_window
self.roi = cv2.cvtColor(frame[y:y + h, x:x + w], cv2.COLOR_BGR2HSV)
roi_hist = cv2.calcHist([self.roi], [0], None, [16], [0, 180])
self.roi_hist = cv2.normalize(roi_hist, roi_hist, 0, 255, cv2.NORM_MINMAX)
# set up the kalman
self.kalman = cv2.KalmanFilter(4, 2)
self.kalman.measurementMatrix = np.array([[1, 0, 0, 0], [0, 1, 0, 0]], np.float32)
self.kalman.transitionMatrix = np.array([[1, 0, 1, 0], [0, 1, 0, 1], [0, 0, 1, 0], [0, 0, 0, 1]], np.float32)
self.kalman.processNoiseCov = np.array([[1, 0, 0, 0], [0, 1, 0, 0], [0, 0, 1, 0], [0, 0, 0, 1]],
np.float32) * 0.03
self.measurement = np.array((2, 1), np.float32)
self.prediction = np.zeros((2, 1), np.float32)
self.term_crit = (cv2.TERM_CRITERIA_EPS | cv2.TERM_CRITERIA_COUNT, 10, 1)
self.center = None
self.update(frame)
def __del__(self):
print("Pedestrian %d destroyed" % self.id)
def update(self, frame):
# print "updating %d " % self.id
hsv = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2HSV)
back_project = cv2.calcBackProject([hsv], [0], self.roi_hist, [0, 180], 1)
if args.get("algorithm") == "c":
ret, self.track_window = cv2.CamShift(back_project, self.track_window, self.term_crit)
pts = cv2.boxPoints(ret)
pts = np.int0(pts)
self.center = center(pts)
cv2.polylines(frame, [pts], True, 255, 1)
if not args.get("algorithm") or args.get("algorithm") == "m":
ret, self.track_window = cv2.meanShift(back_project, self.track_window, self.term_crit)
x, y, w, h = self.track_window
self.center = center([[x, y], [x + w, y], [x, y + h], [x + w, y + h]])
cv2.rectangle(frame, (x, y), (x + w, y + h), (255, 255, 0), 2)
self.kalman.correct(self.center)
prediction = self.kalman.predict()
cv2.circle(frame, (int(prediction[0]), int(prediction[1])), 4, (255, 0, 0), -1)
# fake shadow
cv2.putText(frame, "ID: %d -> %s" % (self.id, self.center), (11, (self.id + 1) * 25 + 1),
font, 0.6,
(0, 0, 0),
1,
cv2.LINE_AA)
# actual info
cv2.putText(frame, "ID: %d -> %s" % (self.id, self.center), (10, (self.id + 1) * 25),
font, 0.6,
(0, 255, 0),
1,
cv2.LINE_AA)
def main():
#camera = cv2.VideoCapture(path.join(path.dirname(__file__), "traffic.flv"))
camera = cv2.VideoCapture(path.join(path.dirname(__file__), "768x576.avi"))
# camera = cv2.VideoCapture(path.join(path.dirname(__file__), "..", "movie.mpg"))
# camera = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
history = 20
# KNN background subtractor
bs = cv2.createBackgroundSubtractorKNN()
# MOG subtractor
# bs = cv2.bgsegm.createBackgroundSubtractorMOG(history = history)
# bs.setHistory(history)
# GMG
# bs = cv2.bgsegm.createBackgroundSubtractorGMG(initializationFrames = history)
cv2.namedWindow("surveillance")
pedestrians = {}
firstFrame = True
frames = 0
fourcc = cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(*'XVID')
out = cv2.VideoWriter('output.avi', fourcc, 20.0, (640, 480))
while True:
print(" -------------------- FRAME %d --------------------" % frames)
grabbed, frame = camera.read()
if (grabbed is False):
print("failed to grab frame.")
break
fgmask = bs.apply(frame)
# this is just to let the background subtractor build a bit of history
if frames < history:
frames += 1
continue
th = cv2.threshold(fgmask.copy(), 127, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)[1]
th = cv2.erode(th, cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_ELLIPSE, (3, 3)), iterations=2)
dilated = cv2.dilate(th, cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_ELLIPSE, (8, 3)), iterations=2)
image, contours, hier = cv2.findContours(dilated, cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
counter = 0
for c in contours:
if cv2.contourArea(c) > 500:
(x, y, w, h) = cv2.boundingRect(c)
cv2.rectangle(frame, (x, y), (x + w, y + h), (0, 255, 0), 1)
# only create pedestrians in the first frame, then just follow the ones you have
if firstFrame is True:
pedestrians[counter] = Pedestrian(counter, frame, (x, y, w, h))
counter += 1
for i, p in pedestrians.items():
p.update(frame)
firstFrame = False
frames += 1
cv2.imshow("surveillance", frame)
out.write(frame)
if cv2.waitKey(110) & 0xff == 27:
break
out.release()
camera.release()
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
参考文献：
1.https://blog.csdn.net/github_39611196/article/details/81164962
2.https://blog.csdn.net/zhangruijerry/article/details/79088945?%3E
3.https://blog.csdn.net/u010429424/article/details/73863902
4.https://blog.csdn.net/tengfei461807914/article/details/80412482