Teaching Is a Fruitful Way to Learn
For thousands of years, people have known that the best way to understand a concept is to
explain it to someone else.
几千年来，人们都知道理解一个概念最好的方法就是把它解释给其他人。
"While we teach, we learn," said Roman philosopher Seneca.
罗马哲学家塞涅卡说：“我们一边叫别人，一边学习。”
Now scientists are bringing this ancient wisdom up-to-date.
现在，科学家们正在将这一古老的智慧带入现代。
They're documenting why teaching is such a fruitful way to learn, and designing innovative
ways for young people to engage in instruction.
他们正在证明为什么教学是一种卓有成效的学习方式，并设计创新的教学方式让年轻人参与到教学中。
Researchers have found that students who sign up to tutor others work harder to understand the material,
recall it more accurately and apply it more effectively.
研究人员发现，那些报名辅导别人的学生会更加努力地理解学习材料，更准确地回想起，更有效地应用这些材料。
Student reachers score higher on tests than pupils who's learning only for their own sake.
相比那些职位自己学习的学生，充当老师的学生在考试中的得分更高。
But how can children, still learning themselves, teach others? One answer: They can tutor younger kids.
但是，那些自己还处在学习阶段的孩子们，怎么能教别人呢？一个答案是：他们可以辅导更小的孩子。
Some studies have found that first-born children are more intelligent than their later-born siblings.
一些研究发现，长子长女比后生的弟弟妹妹们更聪明。
This suggests their higher IQs result from the time they spend teaching their siblings.
这表明他们较高的智商源于他们花在教育弟弟妹妹上的时间。
Now educators are experimenting with ways to apply this model to academic subjects.
现在，教育工作者们正在用一些方式实验将这种模式应用于学术科目。
They engage college undergraduates to reach computer science to high school students,
who in turn instruct middle school students on the topic.
他们聘请大学本科生为高中生教授计算机科学，这些高中生转而给中学生进行这方面的指导。
But the most cutting-edge tool under development is the "teachable agent" - a computerized
character who learns, tries, makes mistakes and asks questions just like a real-world pupil.
但是，正在开发的最尖端的工具是“可教代理”--一个计算机化的角色，它能够学习、尝试、
犯错并提出问题，就像一个真实世界的学生。
Computer scientists have created an animated figure called Betty's Brain, who has
been "taught" about environmental science by hundreds of middle school students.
计算机科学家们已经创造了一名为“贝蒂的大脑”的动画人物，她被数百名学生“教授”了环境科学知识。
Student reachers are motivated to help Betty master certain materials.
充当老师的学生受到刺激去帮助贝蒂掌握某些材料。
While preparing to teach, they organize their knowledge and improve their own understanding.
在准备教学时，他们组织自己的知识并提高自己的理解力。
And as they explain the information to it, they identify problems in their own thinking.
当他们向贝蒂解释信息时，他们发现了自己想法中的问题。
Feedback from the teachable agents further enhances the tutor's learning.
可教代理的反馈进一步加强了老师们的学习。
The agents' question compel student tutors to think and explain the materials in different
ways, and watching the agent solve problems allows them to see their knowledge put into action.
代理的问题促使充当老师的学生用不同的方式思考和解释材料，同时看着代理解决问题，
让他们看到自己的知识运用到实际。
Above all, it's the emotions one experiences in teaching that facilitate learning.
最重要的是，一个人在教学中所经体会的情感会促进学习。
Student tutors feel upset when their teachable agents fail, but happy when these virtual
pupils succeed as they derive pride and satisfaction from someone else's accomplishment.
当可教代理失败时，充当老师的学生会感到沮丧，但当这些虚拟学生成功时，他们会感到高兴，
因为他们从别人的成就中获得了自豪感和满足感。
2018年6月CET4真题
解析：
1、up to date : 最新的；现在的
keep someone up to date(on something)
过时的：out of date ; out of fashion ; outdated
2、fruitful 成果丰硕的；富饶的
近义词：productive ; effective 非常有成效的；非常有效率的
反义词：fruitless ; unsuccessful ; unproductive.没有成果的；没有效率的
3、engage in 参与
engage someone 使参加；雇佣；吸引
4、sign up 报名；雇用；签约
sign up for something 报名参加、、、
sign someone up (for something): 给、、、报名
例：This isn't what I signed up for .
预期与现实不同
5、master something 精通
6、compel 激励
require / persuade someone to do something.
强迫/要求某人做某事
7、put into action 实施；实行；行动
8、derive、、、from、、、 ： 从、、、中获得
derive inspiration from life
从生活中获得灵感
| 单词 | 释意 | 单词 | 释意 |
| fruitful | adj.硕果累累的；富有成效的 | innovative | adj.创新的；革新的 |
| engage in | 参加；从事；忙于 | instruction | adj.操作指南的；n.说明 |
| recall | n.召回;v.使想起 | accurately | adv.精确地；准确地 |
| effectively | adv.有效地 | pupils | n.小学生 |
| sake | n.理由 | tuor | n.家庭教师 |
| siblings | n.同胞；同属 | result from | 有、、、引起；产生于 |
| academic | adj.学术的；学院的 | college undergradute | 本科学生 |
| cutting-edge | adj.先进的；尖端的 | real-world | adj.现实的 |
| materials | n.原料；素材 | certain | adj.肯定的；必然的 |
| preparing | adj.准备的 | feedback | n.反馈 |
| further | adj.更远的 | enhances | v.增进的 |
| compel | v.强迫 | put into action | 实行；实施 |
| facilitate | vt.促进 | emotions | n.情感 |
| derive | v.获取；起源 | accomplishment | n.成就；完成 |
| satisfaction | n.满足；乐事 | organize | v.组织；安排 |