mysqldump和xtrabackup两种方式进行非空库复制搭建
1、mysqldump非空库复制搭建
- 背景
- 主库：IP：192.168.1.21；版本：5.7.18
- 备库：IP：192.168.1.128；版本：5.6.36
- 从库上先停掉复制
root@localhost : (none) 01:57:45> stop slave;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)root@localhost : (none) 01:57:54> reset slave;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)root@localhost : (none) 01:57:58> show slave status\G;*************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Master_Host: 192.168.1.21 Master_User: repl Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: Read_Master_Log_Pos: 4 Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay-bin.000001 Relay_Log_Pos: 4 Relay_Master_Log_File: Slave_IO_Running: No Slave_SQL_Running: No Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 0 Relay_Log_Space: 143 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: NULLMaster_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 12001 Master_UUID: 0a646c88-36e2-11e7-937d-fa163ed7a7b1 Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: Executed_Gtid_Set: Auto_Position: 01 row in set (0.00 sec)root@localhost : (none) 01:58:00> reset slave all;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)root@localhost : (none) 01:58:17> show slave status;Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> create database sbtest;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)mysql> use sbtest;Database changedmysql> create table xiyouji( -> id int, -> role varchar(11) );Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.14 sec)mysql> insert into xiyouji values (1,'songwukong'),(2,'tangsanzang'),(3,'zhuwuneng'),(4,'shawujing');Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.02 sec)Records: 4 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0mysql> select * from xiyouji;+------+-------------+| id | role |+------+-------------+| 1 | songwukong || 2 | tangsanzang || 3 | zhuwuneng || 4 | shawujing |+------+-------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
[root@host-192-168-1-21 mysqldump]# mysqldump -uroot -p -S /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock --single-transaction --master-data=2 --flush-logs --all-databases > ./master_slave.sql[root@host-192-168-1-21 mysqldump]# mysql -uroot -h192.168.1.128 < ./master_slave.sql ERROR 1726 (HY000) at line 232: Storage engine 'InnoDB' does not support system tables. [mysql.help_category]#原因：主库是5.7版本，从库是5.6版本。mysql.help_category这个系统表在5.7中有，但是5.6中没有。当然不止这一个表，sys整个库都是新增的。
[root@host-192-168-1-21 mysqldump]# mysqldump -uroot -p -S /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock --single-transaction --master-data=2 --flush-logs sbtest > ./master_slave.sql[root@host-192-168-1-21 mysqldump]# mysql -uroot -h192.168.1.128 < ./master_slave.sql ERROR 1046 (3D000) at line 28: No database selected#原因；这个报错原因就是之前在练习mysqldump备份时候遇到过的，原因如下：mysqldump -uroot -S /usr/local/mysql5711/mysql.sock -p --single-transaction --master-data=2 --flush-logs --databases sbtest > ./danku.sqlmysqldump -uroot -S /usr/local/mysql5711/mysql.sock -p --single-transaction --master-data=2 --flush-logs sbtest > ./danku2.sql#区别：前者加了--databases参数，生成的sql文件中含有CREATE DATABASE语句；后者不加这个参数，直接跟单库名，生成的sql文件中没有CREATE DATABASE语句。
[root@host-192-168-1-21 mysqldump]# mysqldump -uroot -p -S /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock --single-transaction --master-data=2 --flush-logs --databases sbtest > ./master_slave.sql[root@host-192-168-1-21 mysqldump]# mysql -uroot -h192.168.1.128 < ./master_slave.sql[root@host-192-168-1-21 mysqldump]# cat master_slave.sql |grep -i 'change master'-- CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000025', MASTER_LOG_POS=154;mysql> show master status;+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+| mysql-bin.000025 | 154 | | | |+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
root@localhost : mysql 02:28:24> use sbtest;Database changedroot@localhost : sbtest 02:28:39> show tables;+------------------+| Tables_in_sbtest |+------------------+| xiyouji |+------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)root@localhost : sbtest 02:28:42> select * from xiyouji;+------+-------------+| id | role |+------+-------------+| 1 | songwukong || 2 | tangsanzang || 3 | zhuwuneng || 4 | shawujing |+------+-------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
root@localhost : mysql 02:22:53> show slave status;Empty set (0.00 sec)root@localhost : mysql 02:26:54> CHANGE MASTER TO master_host='192.168.1.21',master_user='repl',master_password='repl',MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000025', MASTER_LOG_POS=154;Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.16 sec)root@localhost : mysql 02:28:15> start slave;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)root@localhost : sbtest 02:30:28> show slave status\G;*************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.1.21 Master_User: repl Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000025 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154 Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 286 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000025 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 154 Relay_Log_Space: 459 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 12001 Master_UUID: 0a646c88-36e2-11e7-937d-fa163ed7a7b1 Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: Executed_Gtid_Set: Auto_Position: 01 row in set (0.00 sec)#主从复制同步成功
#主库上新建表，并插入数据mysql> use sbtest;Database changedmysql> create table sanguoyanyi( -> id int, -> people varchar(13) );Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)mysql> insert into sanguoyanyi values (1,'caocao'),(2,'guojia');Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.02 sec)Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0mysql> select * from sanguoyanyi;+------+--------+| id | people |+------+--------+| 1 | caocao || 2 | guojia |+------+--------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#从库上查看数据是否同步成功：root@localhost : sbtest 02:30:32> show tables;+------------------+| Tables_in_sbtest |+------------------+| sanguoyanyi || xiyouji |+------------------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)root@localhost : sbtest 02:34:24> select * from sanguoyanyi;+------+--------+| id | people |+------+--------+| 1 | caocao || 2 | guojia |+------+--------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2、xtrabackup非空库复制搭建
- 背景
- 主库：IP：192.168.1.21；版本：5.7.18
- 备库：IP：192.168.1.128；版本：5.7.18
- 在128上新搭5.7.18版本的mysql。版本不同的mysql server用全库物理备份会出现各种问题。
- 清空192.168.1.128从库
root@localhost : sbtest 02:39:32> drop database sbtest;Query OK, 2 rows affected, 1 warning (0.06 sec)
[root@host-192-168-1-128 program]# wget https://www.percona.com/downloads/XtraBackup/Percona-XtraBackup-2.4.7/binary/redhat/6/x86_64/percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.7-1.el6.x86_64.rpm[root@host-192-168-1-128 program]# rpm -ivh percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.7-1.el6.x86_64.rpm warning: percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.7-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID cd2efd2a: NOKEYerror: Failed dependencies: libev.so.4()(64bit) is needed by percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.7-1.el6.x86_64 perl(DBD::mysql) is needed by percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.7-1.el6.x86_64 rsync is needed by percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.7-1.el6.x86_64[root@host-192-168-1-128 program]# yum install rsync[root@host-192-168-1-128 program]# yum install perl-DBD-MySQL [root@host-192-168-1-128 program]# wget ftp://rpmfind.net/linux/dag/redhat/el6/en/x86_64/dag/RPMS/libev-4.15-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm[root@host-192-168-1-128 program]# lslibev-4.15-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.7-1.el6.x86_64.rpm[root@host-192-168-1-128 program]# rpm -ivh libev-4.15-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm warning: libev-4.15-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 6b8d79e6: NOKEYPreparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:libev ########################################### [100%][root@host-192-168-1-128 program]# rpm -ivh percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.7-1.el6.x86_64.rpm warning: percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.7-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID cd2efd2a: NOKEYPreparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:percona-xtrabackup-24 ########################################### [100%]
mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database |+--------------------+| information_schema || mysql || performance_schema || sbtest || sys |+--------------------+5 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> use sbtestDatabase changedmysql> show tables;+------------------+| Tables_in_sbtest |+------------------+| sanguoyanyi || xiyouji |+------------------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from sanguoyanyi;+------+--------+| id | people |+------+--------+| 1 | caocao || 2 | guojia |+------+--------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from xiyouji;+------+-------------+| id | role |+------+-------------+| 1 | songwukong || 2 | tangsanzang || 3 | zhuwuneng || 4 | shawujing |+------+-------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 在主库上用innobackup备份数据并传输到从库服务器。注意：两台机器之间需要ssh免密钥登录
innobackupex --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf --user=root --password=123 --no-timestamp --stream='tar' /home/backup/xtrabackup/ |ssh root@192.168.1.128 "cat - > /home/backup/backup_`date +%y%m%d`.tar"
scp /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf root@192.168.1.128:/usr/local/mysql/#修改server-id
[root@host-192-168-1-128 backup]# service mysql stopShutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
[root@host-192-168-1-128 backup]# lsbackup_170517.tar[root@host-192-168-1-128 backup]# pwd/home/backup[root@host-192-168-1-128 backup]# tar xvf backup_170517.tar [root@host-192-168-1-128 backup]# lsbackup_170517.tar ib_buffer_pool IBdata2 performance_schema sys xtrabackup_checkpoints xtrabackup_logfilebackup-my.cnf IBdata1 mysql sbtest xtrabackup_binlog_info xtrabackup_info[root@host-192-168-1-128 backup]# innobackupex --apply-log --read-only /home/backup/[root@host-192-168-1-128 data]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf --copy-back /home/backup/170517 04:47:15 completed OK!
[root@host-192-168-1-128 home]# chown -R mysql:mysql /home/data/
mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf --user=mysqlps -ef|grep mysql确定是否运行
[root@host-192-168-1-128 backup]# cat xtrabackup_binlog_info mysql-bin.000025 639root@localhost : mysql 09:22:53> CHANGE MASTER TO master_host='192.168.1.21',master_user='repl',master_password='repl',MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000025', MASTER_LOG_POS=639;root@localhost : sbtest 09:25:28> show slave status\G;*************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.1.21 Master_User: repl Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000025 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 639 Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay-bin.000001 Relay_Log_Pos: 286 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000025 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 639 Relay_Log_Space: 459 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 12001 Master_UUID: 0a646c88-36e2-11e7-937d-fa163ed7a7b1 Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: Executed_Gtid_Set: Auto_Position: 01 row in set (0.00 sec)#同步成功