Python Test API - 003- request发送 和Response Content接受

获取服务器返回内容：

• Response Content

import requests

r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/events')
print(r.text[0:20])

[{"id":"7843224643",

调整返回内容的编码方式

import requests

r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/events')
print(r.encoding)
r.encoding = 'ISO-8859-1'
print(r.text[0:20])

• Binary Response Content

对于非text类的response body，可以用用r.content以bytes获取其返回值，例如获取下面的一张图片

import requests

r = requests.get('https://www.baidu.com/img/bd_logo1.png', {'where':'super'})
print(r.status_code)
print(r.content)

上面的bytes其实是一个图片，用PIL库来bytes，然后显示图片

import requests

r = requests.get('https://www.baidu.com/img/bd_logo1.png', {'where':'super'})

from PIL import Image
from io import BytesIO

i = Image.open(BytesIO(r.content))
i.show()

• Json Response Content 

import requests

r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/events')
print(r.json())

Requests用内建的json()方法处理JSON 数据，如果没有内容，返回204；

非JSON内容，则抛出ValueError:No Json object could be decoded的异常。

用r.raise_for_status()或r.status_code来检测request是否成功。

• Raw response content

在少数情况下，我们可能需要获取raw socket response，可以使用.r.raw，但注意在初始化request的时候，

加上"stream=True".

>>> r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/events', stream=True)

>>> r.raw
<urllib3.response.HTTPResponse object at 0x101194810>

>>> r.raw.read(10)
'\x1f\x8b\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x03'

如果要将raw保存到文本文件中，则不用r.raw，而用r.iter_content，iter_content能自动解码gzip和deflate transfer-encoding。

import requests
import os

r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/events', stream = True)

base_dir = os.path.dirname(__file__)
file_path = base_dir + '/file_raw.txt'
print(file_path)
with open(file_path, 'wb+') as fd:
    for chunk in r.iter_content(chunk_size=128):
        fd.write(chunk)

• Customer Headers:

如果需要给request加上http headers，传入一个headers参数，参数是字典形式的

import requests

url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint'
headers = {'user-agent': 'my-app/0.0.1'}

r = requests.get(url, headers=headers)

• 复杂的POST Requests

传入字典参数，对于post，用'data='接受字典参数

import requests

payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
r = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', data=payload)
print(r.text)

C:\Python35\python.exe D:/pyjd/djanRestPro/api/tests.py
{"args":{},"data":"","files":{},"form":{"key1":"value1","key2":"value2"},"headers":{"Accept":"*/*","Accept-Encoding":"gzip, deflate","Connection":"close","Content-Length":"23","Content-Type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded","Host":"httpbin.org","User-Agent":"python-requests/2.18.4"},"json":null,"origin":"111.175.192.105","url":"http://httpbin.org/post"}

传入元组，也会被转换为字典

import requests

payload = (('key1','value1'),('key1','value2'))
r = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', data=payload)
print(r.text)

C:\Python35\python.exe D:/pyjd/djanRestPro/api/tests.py
{"args":{},"data":"","files":{},"form":{"key1":"value1","key2":"value2"},"headers":{"Accept":"*/*","Accept-Encoding":"gzip, deflate","Connection":"close","Content-Length":"23","Content-Type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded","Host":"httpbin.org","User-Agent":"python-requests/2.18.4"},"json":null,"origin":"111.175.192.105","url":"http://httpbin.org/post"}

传入Json参数，注意这里要用'json='接受参数

import requests

url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint'
payload = {'some': 'data'}
r = requests.post(url, json=payload)

• 传入文件

简单的传入文件

>>> url = 'http://httpbin.org/post'
>>> files = {'file': open('report.xls', 'rb')}

>>> r = requests.post(url, files=files)
>>> r.text
{
  ...
  "files": {
    "file": "<censored...binary...data>"
  },
  ...
}

显示的传入文件，content_type和headers

>>> url = 'http://httpbin.org/post'
>>> files = {'file': ('report.xls', open('report.xls', 'rb'), 'application/vnd.ms-excel', {'Expires': '0'})}

>>> r = requests.post(url, files=files)
>>> r.text
{
  ...
  "files": {
    "file": "<censored...binary...data>"
  },
  ...
}