ElasticSearch教程——精准全文检索

ElasticSearch汇总请查看:ElasticSearch教程——汇总篇

1、为帖子数据增加标题字段

POST /forum/article/_bulk
{ "update": { "_id": "1"} }
{ "doc" : {"title" : "this is java and elasticsearch blog"} }
{ "update": { "_id": "2"} }
{ "doc" : {"title" : "this is java blog"} }
{ "update": { "_id": "3"} }
{ "doc" : {"title" : "this is elasticsearch blog"} }
{ "update": { "_id": "4"} }
{ "doc" : {"title" : "this is java, elasticsearch, hadoop blog"} }
{ "update": { "_id": "5"} }
{ "doc" : {"title" : "this is spark blog"} }

2、搜索标题中包含java或elasticsearch的blog

这个,就跟term query(termQuery不带分词器)不一样了。不是搜索exact value,是进行full text全文检索。
match query,是负责进行全文检索的。当然,如果要检索的field,是not_analyzed类型的,那么match query也相当于term query。

GET /forum/article/_search
{
    "query": {
        "match": {
            "title": "java elasticsearch"
        }
    }
}

3、搜索标题中包含java和elasticsearch的blog

搜索结果精准控制的第一步:灵活使用and关键字,如果你是希望所有的搜索关键字都要匹配的,那么就用and,可以实现单纯match query无法实现的效果

GET /forum/article/_search
{
    "query": {
        "match": {
            "title": {
		"query": "java elasticsearch",
		"operator": "and"
   	    }
        }
    }
}

4、搜索包含java,elasticsearch,spark,hadoop,4个关键字中,至少3个的blog

控制搜索结果的精准度的第二步:指定一些关键字中,必须至少匹配其中的多少个关键字,才能作为结果返回

minimum_should_match,主要是用来干嘛的?
去长尾,long tail
长尾,比如你搜索5个关键词,但是很多结果是只匹配1个关键词的,其实跟你想要的结果相差甚远,这些结果就是长尾
minimum_should_match,控制搜索结果的精准度,只有匹配一定数量的关键词的数据,才能返回
 

GET /forum/article/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "title": {
        "query": "java elasticsearch spark hadoop",
        "minimum_should_match": "75%"
      }
    }
  }
}

5、用bool组合多个搜索条件,来搜索title

GET /forum/article/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must":     { "match": { "title": "java" }},
      "must_not": { "match": { "title": "spark"  }},
      "should": [
                  { "match": { "title": "hadoop" }},
                  { "match": { "title": "elasticsearch"   }}
      ]
    }
  }
}

6、bool组合多个搜索条件,如何计算relevance score

must和should搜索对应的分数,加起来,除以must和should的总数

排名第一:java,同时包含should中所有的关键字,hadoop,elasticsearch
排名第二:java,同时包含should中的elasticsearch
排名第三:java,不包含should中的任何关键字

should是可以影响相关度分数的

must是确保说,谁必须有这个关键字,同时会根据这个must的条件去计算出document对这个搜索条件的relevance score
在满足must的基础之上,should中的条件,不匹配也可以,但是如果匹配的更多,那么document的relevance score就会更高

结果:

{
  "took": 6,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 3,
    "max_score": 1.3375794,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "forum",
        "_type": "article",
        "_id": "4",
        "_score": 1.3375794,
        "_source": {
          "articleID": "QQPX-R-3956-#aD8",
          "userID": 2,
          "hidden": true,
          "postDate": "2017-01-02",
          "tag": [
            "java",
            "elasticsearch"
          ],
          "tag_cnt": 2,
          "view_cnt": 80,
          "title": "this is java, elasticsearch, hadoop blog"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "forum",
        "_type": "article",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 0.53484553,
        "_source": {
          "articleID": "XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3",
          "userID": 1,
          "hidden": false,
          "postDate": "2017-01-01",
          "tag": [
            "java",
            "hadoop"
          ],
          "tag_cnt": 2,
          "view_cnt": 30,
          "title": "this is java and elasticsearch blog"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "forum",
        "_type": "article",
        "_id": "2",
        "_score": 0.19856805,
        "_source": {
          "articleID": "KDKE-B-9947-#kL5",
          "userID": 1,
          "hidden": false,
          "postDate": "2017-01-02",
          "tag": [
            "java"
          ],
          "tag_cnt": 1,
          "view_cnt": 50,
          "title": "this is java blog"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

7、搜索java,hadoop,spark,elasticsearch,至少包含其中3个关键字

默认情况下,should是可以不匹配任何一个的,比如上面的搜索中,this is java blog,就不匹配任何一个should条件
但是有个例外的情况,如果没有must的话,那么should中必须至少匹配一个才可以
比如下面的搜索,should中有4个条件,默认情况下,只要满足其中一个条件,就可以匹配作为结果返回

但是可以精准控制,should的4个条件中,至少匹配几个才能作为结果返回

GET /forum/article/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "should": [
        { "match": { "title": "java" }},
        { "match": { "title": "elasticsearch"   }},
        { "match": { "title": "hadoop"   }},
	{ "match": { "title": "spark"   }}
      ],
      "minimum_should_match": 3 
    }
  }
}

总结

1、全文检索的时候,进行多个值的检索,有两种做法:match query,should;
2、控制搜索结果精准度:and operator,minimum_should_match

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转载自blog.csdn.net/gwd1154978352/article/details/83826267
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