使用:
命令行启动(源自http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2015/05/command-line-with-node.html)
编写package.json为
{ "name": "myServer", "bin": { "myServer": "myServer"// 文件名 } }
执行npm link,即可用myServer执行该脚本
案例:(源自http://blog.fens.me/nodejs-commander/)
// 定义启动脚本 #!/usr/bin/env node var program = require('commander'); function range(val) { return val.split('..').map(Number); } function list(val) { return val.split(','); } program .version('0.0.1') .usage('test') .option('-C, --chdir [value]', '设置服务器节点','/home/conan/server') .option('-c, --config [value]', '设置配置文件','./deploy.conf') .option('-m, --max ', '最大连接数', parseInt) .option('-s, --seed ', '出始种子', parseFloat) .option('-r,--range <a>..<b>', '阈值区间', range) .option('-l, --list ', 'IP列表', list) program .command('deploy ') .description('部署一个服务节点') .action(function(name){ console.log('Deploying "%s"', name); }); program.parse(process.argv);
源码:
var EventEmitter = require('events').EventEmitter; var spawn = require('child_process').spawn; var readlink = require('graceful-readlink').readlinkSync; var path = require('path'); var dirname = path.dirname; var basename = path.basename; var fs = require('fs'); /* 示例 new Option('-i, --integer <n>', 'An integer argument') new Option('-f, --float <n>', 'A float argument') new Option('-r, --range <a>..<b>', 'A range') new Option('-l, --list <items>', 'A list') new Option('-o, --optional [value]', 'An optional value') new Option('-c, --collect [value]', 'A repeatable value') new Option('-v, --verbose', 'A value that can be increased') */ // 以对象形式记录选项和描述,可选选项、必选选项打标记,提供获取关键字和判断关键字的方法 exports.Option = Option; function Option(flags, description) { this.flags = flags; this.required = ~flags.indexOf('<'); this.optional = ~flags.indexOf('['); this.bool = !~flags.indexOf('-no-'); flags = flags.split(/[ ,|]+/); if (flags.length > 1 && !/^[[<]/.test(flags[1])) this.short = flags.shift(); this.long = flags.shift(); this.description = description || ''; }; Option.prototype.name = function() { return this.long .replace('--', '') .replace('no-', ''); }; Option.prototype.is = function(arg) { return arg == this.short || arg == this.long; }; exports = module.exports = new Command(); exports.Command = Command; function Command(name) { this.commands = []; this.options = []; this._execs = {}; this._allowUnknownOption = false; this._args = []; this._name = name || ''; } Command.prototype.__proto__=EventEmitter.prototype; /** * program * .version('0.0.1') * .option('-C, --chdir <path>', 'change the working directory') * .option('-c, --config <path>', 'set config path. defaults to ./deploy.conf') * .option('-T, --no-tests', 'ignore test hook') * * program * .command('setup') * .description('run remote setup commands') * .action(function() { * console.log('setup'); * }); * * program * .command('exec <cmd>') * .description('run the given remote command') * .action(function(cmd) { * console.log('exec "%s"', cmd); * }); * * program * .command('teardown <dir> [otherDirs...]') * .description('run teardown commands') * .action(function(dir, otherDirs) { * console.log('dir "%s"', dir); * if (otherDirs) { * otherDirs.forEach(function (oDir) { * console.log('dir "%s"', oDir); * }); * } * }); * * program * .command('*') * .description('deploy the given env') * .action(function(env) { * console.log('deploying "%s"', env); * }); * * program.parse(process.argv); */ // 注册命令,加入this.commanders数组中,无desc返回Commander实例this,有返回当前命令对象Commander实例cmd Command.prototype.command = function(name, desc, opts) { opts = opts || {}; var args = name.split(/ +/); var cmd = new Command(args.shift()); if (desc) { cmd.description(desc); this.executables = true; this._execs[cmd._name] = true; if (opts.isDefault) this.defaultExecutable = cmd._name; } cmd._noHelp = !!opts.noHelp; this.commands.push(cmd); cmd.parseExpectedArgs(args);// 解析[]或<>内命令行参数 cmd.parent = this; if (desc) return this; return cmd; }; // 调用parseExpectedArgs方法解析[]或<>内命令行参数 Command.prototype.arguments = function (desc) { return this.parseExpectedArgs(desc.split(/ +/)); }; Command.prototype.addImplicitHelpCommand = function() { this.command('help [cmd]', 'display help for [cmd]'); }; // 解析[]或<>内命令行参数,以对象形式存储在this._args中,required区分[]与<> Command.prototype.parseExpectedArgs = function(args) { if (!args.length) return; var self = this; args.forEach(function(arg) { var argDetails = { required: false, name: '', variadic: false }; switch (arg[0]) { case '<': argDetails.required = true; argDetails.name = arg.slice(1, -1); break; case '[': argDetails.name = arg.slice(1, -1); break; } if (argDetails.name.length > 3 && argDetails.name.slice(-3) === '...') { argDetails.variadic = true; argDetails.name = argDetails.name.slice(0, -3); } if (argDetails.name) { self._args.push(argDetails); } }); return this; }; // 在执行js文件或二进制文件前,通过parseArgs方法触发回调函数fn执行 Command.prototype.action = function(fn) { var self = this; var listener = function(args, unknown) {// 参数由触发事件时带入绑定事件中,parseArgs方法触发事件 args = args || []; unknown = unknown || []; var parsed = self.parseOptions(unknown); outputHelpIfNecessary(self, parsed.unknown); if (parsed.unknown.length > 0) { self.unknownOption(parsed.unknown[0]); } if (parsed.args.length) args = parsed.args.concat(args); self._args.forEach(function(arg, i) { if (arg.required && null == args[i]) { self.missingArgument(arg.name); } else if (arg.variadic) { if (i !== self._args.length - 1) { self.variadicArgNotLast(arg.name); } args[i] = args.splice(i); } }); // Always append ourselves to the end of the arguments, // to make sure we match the number of arguments the user // expects if (self._args.length) { args[self._args.length] = self; } else { args.push(self); } fn.apply(self, args); }; var parent = this.parent || this; var name = parent === this ? '*' : this._name; parent.on(name, listener);// this.parse中触发事件,action绑定事件 if (this._alias) parent.on(this._alias, listener); return this; }; // 长短名用","或"|"或" "划分,如"-p, --pepper"、"-p|--pepper"、"-p --pepper"; // .option('-c, --config [value]', '设置配置文件','./deploy.conf'); // 命令的配置参数,包括长短名,可选或必填选项,描述,过滤正则,默认值,no-参数为布尔值; Command.prototype.option = function(flags, description, fn, defaultValue) { var self = this , option = new Option(flags, description) , oname = option.name() , name = camelcase(oname); if (typeof fn != 'function') { if (fn instanceof RegExp) { var regex = fn; fn = function(val, def) { var m = regex.exec(val); return m ? m[0] : def; } } else { defaultValue = fn; fn = null; } } if (false == option.bool || option.optional || option.required) { if (false == option.bool) defaultValue = true; if (undefined !== defaultValue) self[name] = defaultValue; } this.options.push(option); this.on(oname, function(val) {// parseOptions中触发,传入选项后键入的参数 if (null !== val && fn) val = fn(val, undefined === self[name] ? defaultValue : self[name]);// 通过正则过滤键入值,不符合正则的取默认值 if ('boolean' == typeof self[name] || 'undefined' == typeof self[name]) { if (null == val) { self[name] = option.bool ? defaultValue || true : false;// 无键入参数和默认值的时候返回true或false } else { self[name] = val; } } else if (null !== val) { self[name] = val; } }); return this; }; // 提供方法,使其满足命令行键入当前设置不识别的参数时,不报错 Command.prototype.allowUnknownOption = function(arg) { this._allowUnknownOption = arguments.length === 0 || arg; return this; }; // program.parse(process.argv)解析命令行工具键入参数,argv[1]文件名,argv[2]其余参数 Command.prototype.parse = function(argv) { if (this.executables) this.addImplicitHelpCommand(); this.rawArgs = argv; this._name = this._name || basename(argv[1], '.js'); // 没有子命令(commander方法添加的命令)的时候添加help选项 if (this.executables && argv.length < 3 && !this.defaultExecutable) { argv.push('--help'); } // 从命令行工具的键入值中获取可执行的命令和不可执行的命令 var parsed = this.parseOptions(this.normalize(argv.slice(2))); var args = this.args = parsed.args; // 可执行的命令触发该命令注册的事件,不可执行的命令则报错 var result = this.parseArgs(this.args, parsed.unknown); // 执行配置命令或默认命令 var name = result.args[0]; if (this._execs[name] && typeof this._execs[name] != "function") { return this.executeSubCommand(argv, args, parsed.unknown); } else if (this.defaultExecutable) { args.unshift(name = this.defaultExecutable); return this.executeSubCommand(argv, args, parsed.unknown); } return result; }; // 获取js或二进制文件,并执行,不可执行则报错 Command.prototype.executeSubCommand = function(argv, args, unknown) { args = args.concat(unknown); if (!args.length) this.help(); if ('help' == args[0] && 1 == args.length) this.help(); if ('help' == args[0]) { args[0] = args[1]; args[1] = '--help'; } var f = argv[1]; var bin = basename(f, '.js') + '-' + args[0]; var baseDir , link = readlink(f); if (link !== f && link.charAt(0) !== '/') { link = path.join(dirname(f), link) } baseDir = dirname(link); var localBin = path.join(baseDir, bin); // 区分执行文件为js文件还是二进制文件 var isExplicitJS = false; if (exists(localBin + '.js')) { bin = localBin + '.js'; isExplicitJS = true; } else if (exists(localBin)) { bin = localBin; } args = args.slice(1); // 区分操作系统,执行js文件或二进制文件 var proc; if (process.platform !== 'win32') { if (isExplicitJS) { args.unshift(localBin); args = (process.execArgv || []).concat(args); proc = spawn('node', args, { stdio: 'inherit', customFds: [0, 1, 2] }); } else { proc = spawn(bin, args, { stdio: 'inherit', customFds: [0, 1, 2] }); } } else { args.unshift(localBin); proc = spawn(process.execPath, args, { stdio: 'inherit'}); } proc.on('close', process.exit.bind(process)); proc.on('error', function(err) { if (err.code == "ENOENT") { console.error('\n %s(1) does not exist, try --help\n', bin); } else if (err.code == "EACCES") { console.error('\n %s(1) not executable. try chmod or run with root\n', bin); } process.exit(1); }); this.runningCommand = proc; }; // 将短选项拆分,如"-abc"拆分成"-a -b -c",以及"--abc=def"转变成"--abc def" Command.prototype.normalize = function(args) { var ret = [] , arg , lastOpt , index; for (var i = 0, len = args.length; i < len; ++i) { arg = args[i]; if (i > 0) { lastOpt = this.optionFor(args[i-1]); } if (arg === '--') { ret = ret.concat(args.slice(i)); break; } else if (lastOpt && lastOpt.required) { ret.push(arg); } else if (arg.length > 1 && '-' == arg[0] && '-' != arg[1]) { arg.slice(1).split('').forEach(function(c) { ret.push('-' + c); }); } else if (/^--/.test(arg) && ~(index = arg.indexOf('='))) { ret.push(arg.slice(0, index), arg.slice(index + 1)); } else { ret.push(arg); } } return ret; }; // 根据命令行键入值获得可执行的子命令或命令args,以及不可执行的命令unknown Command.prototype.parseArgs = function(args, unknown) { var name; if (args.length) { name = args[0]; if (this.listeners(name).length) {// this.listeners由用户配置,或者由Event模块提供,为对象添加绑定的函数??? this.emit(args.shift(), args, unknown); } else { this.emit('*', args); } } else { outputHelpIfNecessary(this, unknown); if (unknown.length > 0) { this.unknownOption(unknown[0]); } } return this; }; // 根据name属性找到相应的option Command.prototype.optionFor = function(arg) { for (var i = 0, len = this.options.length; i < len; ++i) { if (this.options[i].is(arg)) { return this.options[i]; } } }; // 根据命令行中的键入值获取相应配置,子命令或命令记录到args中,不存在的记录到unknownOptions // 选项触发以选项名注册的事件,用以验证后续键入的参数是否合格 Command.prototype.parseOptions = function(argv) { var args = [] , len = argv.length , literal , option , arg; var unknownOptions = []; for (var i = 0; i < len; ++i) { arg = argv[i]; if ('--' == arg) { literal = true; continue; } if (literal) { args.push(arg); continue; } option = this.optionFor(arg);// 通过name查找配置项,loog-flag if (option) { if (option.required) { arg = argv[++i]; if (null == arg) return this.optionMissingArgument(option);// 报错,缺少必填参数 this.emit(option.name(), arg);// 以选项名作为事件名,触发事件 } else if (option.optional) { arg = argv[i+1]; if (null == arg || ('-' == arg[0] && '-' != arg)) { arg = null; } else { ++i; } this.emit(option.name(), arg); } else { this.emit(option.name()); } continue; } if (arg.length > 1 && '-' == arg[0]) {// 没有子命令 unknownOptions.push(arg); if (argv[i+1] && '-' != argv[i+1][0]) { unknownOptions.push(argv[++i]); } continue; } args.push(arg); } return { args: args, unknown: unknownOptions }; }; // 提供方法,以键值对的形式返回配置 Command.prototype.opts = function() { var result = {} , len = this.options.length; for (var i = 0 ; i < len; i++) { var key = camelcase(this.options[i].name()); result[key] = key === 'version' ? this._version : this[key]; } return result; }; // 报错,缺少必填参数 Command.prototype.missingArgument = function(name) { console.error(); console.error(" error: missing required argument `%s'", name); console.error(); process.exit(1); }; // 报错,缺少必填参数 Command.prototype.optionMissingArgument = function(option, flag) { console.error(); if (flag) { console.error(" error: option `%s' argument missing, got `%s'", option.flags, flag); } else { console.error(" error: option `%s' argument missing", option.flags); } console.error(); process.exit(1); }; // 报错,提示命令不存在 Command.prototype.unknownOption = function(flag) { if (this._allowUnknownOption) return; console.error(); console.error(" error: unknown option `%s'", flag); console.error(); process.exit(1); }; // 带...的可变参数不是最后一个键入值时报错 Command.prototype.variadicArgNotLast = function(name) { console.error(); console.error(" error: variadic arguments must be last `%s'", name); console.error(); process.exit(1); }; // 注册版本号 Command.prototype.version = function(str, flags) { if (0 == arguments.length) return this._version; this._version = str; flags = flags || '-V, --version'; this.option(flags, 'output the version number'); this.on('version', function() { process.stdout.write(str + '\n'); process.exit(0); }); return this; }; // 添加描述 Command.prototype.description = function(str) { if (0 === arguments.length) return this._description; this._description = str; return this; }; // 设置别名 Command.prototype.alias = function(alias) { if (0 == arguments.length) return this._alias; this._alias = alias; return this; }; // 提示包含何种命令及关键字 Command.prototype.usage = function(str) { var args = this._args.map(function(arg) { return humanReadableArgName(arg); }); var usage = '[options]' + (this.commands.length ? ' [command]' : '') + (this._args.length ? ' ' + args.join(' ') : ''); if (0 == arguments.length) return this._usage || usage; this._usage = str; return this; }; Command.prototype.name = function() { return this._name; }; // 输出配置命令的最大长度 Command.prototype.largestOptionLength = function() { return this.options.reduce(function(max, option) { return Math.max(max, option.flags.length); }, 0); }; // 输出帮助信息 Command.prototype.optionHelp = function() { var width = this.largestOptionLength(); // Prepend the help information return [pad('-h, --help', width) + ' ' + 'output usage information'] .concat(this.options.map(function(option) { return pad(option.flags, width) + ' ' + option.description; })) .join('\n'); }; // 输出命令的帮助文档 Command.prototype.commandHelp = function() { if (!this.commands.length) return ''; var commands = this.commands.filter(function(cmd) { return !cmd._noHelp; }).map(function(cmd) { var args = cmd._args.map(function(arg) { return humanReadableArgName(arg); }).join(' '); return [ cmd._name + (cmd._alias ? '|' + cmd._alias : '') + (cmd.options.length ? ' [options]' : '') + ' ' + args , cmd.description() ]; }); var width = commands.reduce(function(max, command) { return Math.max(max, command[0].length); }, 0); return [ '' , ' Commands:' , '' , commands.map(function(cmd) { var desc = cmd[1] ? ' ' + cmd[1] : ''; return pad(cmd[0], width) + desc; }).join('\n').replace(/^/gm, ' ') , '' ].join('\n'); }; // 输出帮助文档 Command.prototype.helpInformation = function() { var desc = []; if (this._description) { desc = [ ' ' + this._description , '' ]; } var cmdName = this._name; if (this._alias) { cmdName = cmdName + '|' + this._alias; } var usage = [ '' ,' Usage: ' + cmdName + ' ' + this.usage() , '' ]; var cmds = []; var commandHelp = this.commandHelp(); if (commandHelp) cmds = [commandHelp]; var options = [ ' Options:' , '' , '' + this.optionHelp().replace(/^/gm, ' ') , '' , '' ]; return usage .concat(cmds) .concat(desc) .concat(options) .join('\n'); }; // 打印帮助不退出 Command.prototype.outputHelp = function(cb) { if (!cb) { cb = function(passthru) { return passthru; } } process.stdout.write(cb(this.helpInformation())); this.emit('--help'); }; // 打印帮助并退出 Command.prototype.help = function(cb) { this.outputHelp(cb); process.exit(); }; // 驼峰式输出 function camelcase(flag) { return flag.split('-').reduce(function(str, word) { return str + word[0].toUpperCase() + word.slice(1); }); } // 当str的长度小于width时,填充空格使str的长度等于width function pad(str, width) { var len = Math.max(0, width - str.length); return str + Array(len + 1).join(' '); } // 遍历不可执行的命令,当为--help或-h打印帮助信息 function outputHelpIfNecessary(cmd, options) { options = options || []; for (var i = 0; i < options.length; i++) { if (options[i] == '--help' || options[i] == '-h') { cmd.outputHelp(); process.exit(0); } } } // 把用户键入的选项信息还原为键入值 function humanReadableArgName(arg) { var nameOutput = arg.name + (arg.variadic === true ? '...' : ''); return arg.required ? '<' + nameOutput + '>' : '[' + nameOutput + ']' } // 判断文件是否存在 function exists(file) { try { if (fs.statSync(file).isFile()) { return true; } } catch (e) { return false; } }