Java之IO学习(五)NIO选择器

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内容:

  NIO称为非阻塞IO,实现了IO的多路复用中的Reactor模型,一个线程Thread使用选择器selector通过轮询的方式监听

多个通道(channel)。因为创建和切换线程的开销很大,因此使用一个线程来处理多个事件而不是一个线程处理一个事件,对于 IO 密集型的应用具有很好地性能。

套接字通道必须为非阻塞的。(FileChannel为非阻塞的)

1、创建选择器

Selector selector = Selector.open();

2、将通道注册到选择器上

ServerSocketChannel ssChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
ssChannel.configureBlocking(false);
ssChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);

通道必须为非阻塞通道!

在将通道注册到选择器上时,还需要指定要注册的具体事件,主要有以下几类:

  • SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT
  • SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT
  • SelectionKey.OP_READ
  • SelectionKey.OP_WRITE

 SelectionKey 的定义如下:

public static final int OP_READ = 1 << 0;
public static final int OP_WRITE = 1 << 2;
public static final int OP_CONNECT = 1 << 3;
public static final int OP_ACCEPT = 1 << 4;

可以看出每个事件可以被当成一个位域,从而组成事件集整数。例如:

int interestSet = SelectionKey.OP_READ | SelectionKey.OP_WRITE;

3、监听事件

int num = selector.select();

4、获取到达的事件

Set<SelectionKey> keys = selector.selectedKeys();
Iterator<SelectionKey> keyIterator = keys.iterator();
while (keyIterator.hasNext()) {
    SelectionKey key = keyIterator.next();
    if (key.isAcceptable()) {
        // ...
    } else if (key.isReadable()) {
        // ...
    }
    keyIterator.remove();
}

5、事件循环

因为一次 select() 调用不能处理完所有的事件,并且服务器端有可能需要一直监听事件,因此服务器端处理事件的代码一般会放在一个死循环内。

while (true) {
    int num = selector.select();
    Set<SelectionKey> keys = selector.selectedKeys();
    Iterator<SelectionKey> keyIterator = keys.iterator();
    while (keyIterator.hasNext()) {
        SelectionKey key = keyIterator.next();
        if (key.isAcceptable()) {
            // ...
        } else if (key.isReadable()) {
            // ...
        }
        keyIterator.remove();
    }
}

6、套接字NIO实例

public class NIOServer {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

        Selector selector = Selector.open();

        ServerSocketChannel ssChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
        ssChannel.configureBlocking(false);
        ssChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);

        ServerSocket serverSocket = ssChannel.socket();
        InetSocketAddress address = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8888);
        serverSocket.bind(address);

        while (true) {

            selector.select();
            Set<SelectionKey> keys = selector.selectedKeys();
            Iterator<SelectionKey> keyIterator = keys.iterator();

            while (keyIterator.hasNext()) {

                SelectionKey key = keyIterator.next();

                if (key.isAcceptable()) {

                    ServerSocketChannel ssChannel1 = (ServerSocketChannel) key.channel();

                    // 服务器会为每个新连接创建一个 SocketChannel
                    SocketChannel sChannel = ssChannel1.accept();
                    sChannel.configureBlocking(false);

                    // 这个新连接主要用于从客户端读取数据
                    sChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);

                } else if (key.isReadable()) {

                    SocketChannel sChannel = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
                    System.out.println(readDataFromSocketChannel(sChannel));
                    sChannel.close();
                }

                keyIterator.remove();
            }
        }
    }

    private static String readDataFromSocketChannel(SocketChannel sChannel) throws IOException {

        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
        StringBuilder data = new StringBuilder();

        while (true) {

            buffer.clear();
            int n = sChannel.read(buffer);
            if (n == -1) {
                break;
            }
            buffer.flip();
            int limit = buffer.limit();
            char[] dst = new char[limit];
            for (int i = 0; i < limit; i++) {
                dst[i] = (char) buffer.get(i);
            }
            data.append(dst);
            buffer.clear();
        }
        return data.toString();
    }
}

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转载自blog.csdn.net/u014252478/article/details/83582459