多线程与并发库
BlockingQueue队列
BlockingQueue,如果BlockQueue是空的,从BlockingQueue取东西的操作将会被阻断进入等待状态,直到BlockingQueue进了东西才会被唤醒.同样,如果BlockingQueue是满的,任何试图往里存东西的操作也会被阻断进入等待状态,直到BlockingQueue里有空间才会被唤醒继续操作.
import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
public class BlockingQueueTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
final BlockingQueue queue = new ArrayBlockingQueue(3);
for(int i=0;i<2;i++){
new Thread(){
public void run(){
while(true){
try {
Thread.sleep((long)(Math.random()*1000));
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "准备放数据!");
queue.put(1);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "已经放了数据，" +
"队列目前有" + queue.size() + "个数据");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}.start();
}
new Thread(){
public void run(){
while(true){
try {
//将此处的睡眠时间分别改为100和1000，观察运行结果
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "准备取数据!");
queue.take();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "已经取走数据，" +
"队列目前有" + queue.size() + "个数据");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}.start();
}
}
ReentrantReadWriteLock读写锁
1WriteLock 是完全互斥的当获得WirteLock的时候此时其他线程不能读也不能写
2当获得ReadLock的时候其他线程只能读不能写。
ReentrantReadWriteLock 和 ReentrantLock 没有关系
ReentrantReadWriteLock会使用两把锁来解决问题，一个读锁，一个写锁
线程进入读锁的前提条件：
没有其他线程的写锁，
没有写请求或者有写请求，但调用线程和持有锁的线程是同一个
线程进入写锁的前提条件：
没有其他线程的读锁
没有其他线程的写锁
class Queue3{
private Object data = null;//共享数据，只能有一个线程能写该数据，但可以有多个线程同时读该数据。
private ReentrantReadWriteLock rwl = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
public void get(){
rwl.readLock().lock();//上读锁，其他线程只能读不能写
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " be ready to read data!");
try {
Thread.sleep((long)(Math.random()*1000));
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "have read data :" + data);
rwl.readLock().unlock(); //释放读锁，最好放在finnaly里面
}
public void put(Object data){
rwl.writeLock().lock();//上写锁，不允许其他线程读也不允许写
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " be ready to write data!");
try {
Thread.sleep((long)(Math.random()*1000));
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
this.data = data;
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " have write data: " + data);
rwl.writeLock().unlock();//释放写锁
}
}
简单缓存案例
package com.thread;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;
public class CacheDemo {
private Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();//缓存器
private ReadWriteLock rwl = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
public static void main(String[] args) {
}
public Object get(String id){
Object value = null;
rwl.readLock().lock();//首先开启读锁，从缓存中去取
try{
value = map.get(id);
if(value == null){ //如果缓存中没有释放读锁，上写锁
rwl.readLock().unlock();
rwl.writeLock().lock();
try{
if(value == null){
value = "aaa"; //此时可以去数据库中查找，这里简单的模拟一下
}
}finally{
rwl.writeLock().unlock(); //释放写锁
}
rwl.readLock().lock(); //然后再上读锁
}
}finally{
rwl.readLock().unlock(); //最后释放读锁
}
return value;
}
}
CountDownLatch 控制线程顺序
CountDownLatch是JAVA提供在java.util.concurrent包下的一个辅助类，可以把它看成是一个计数器，其内部维护着一个count计数，只不过对这个计数器的操作都是原子操作，同时只能有一个线程去操作这个计数器CountDownLatch cdOrder = new CountDownLatch(count) ; 传入的count 表示能控制几个线程。 调用对象上的cdOrder.await()方法那么调用者就会一直阻塞在这里。cdOrder .cutDown()方法，来使计数减1；如果count为0时阻塞的线程才能继续执行
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class CountdownLatchTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService service = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
final CountDownLatch cdOrder = new CountDownLatch(1);
final CountDownLatch cdAnswer = new CountDownLatch(3);
for(int i=0;i<3;i++){
Runnable runnable = new Runnable(){
public void run(){
try {
System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() +
"正准备接受命令");
cdOrder.await();
System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() +
"已接受命令");
Thread.sleep((long)(Math.random()*10000));
System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() +
"回应命令处理结果");
cdAnswer.countDown();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
};
service.execute(runnable);
}
try {
Thread.sleep((long)(Math.random()*10000));
System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() +
"即将发布命令");
cdOrder.countDown();
System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() +
"已发送命令，正在等待结果");
cdAnswer.await();
System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() +
"已收到所有响应结果");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
service.shutdown();
}
}CyclicBarrier 允许一些线程相互等待
CyclicBarrier 允许一组线程互相等待，直到所有线程到达公共屏障点(CyclicBarrier .await())后继续才继续执行，cb.getNumberWaiting() 返回有几个线程到达 屏障点
import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class CyclicBarrierTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService service = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
final CyclicBarrier cb = new CyclicBarrier(3);
for(int i=0;i<3;i++){
Runnable runnable = new Runnable(){
public void run(){
try {
Thread.sleep((long)(Math.random()*10000));
System.out.println(cb.getParties()+"线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName()+
"即将到达地点1，当前已有" + (cb.getNumberWaiting()+1) + "个已经到达，" + (cb.getNumberWaiting()==2?"都到齐了，继续走啊":"正在等候"));
cb.await();
Thread.sleep((long)(Math.random()*10000));
System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() +
"即将到达地点2，当前已有" + (cb.getNumberWaiting()+1) + "个已经到达，" + (cb.getNumberWaiting()==2?"都到齐了，继续走啊":"正在等候"));
cb.await();
Thread.sleep((long)(Math.random()*10000));
System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() +
"即将到达集合地点3，当前已有" + (cb.getNumberWaiting() + 1) + "个已经到达，" + (cb.getNumberWaiting()==2?"都到齐了，继续走啊":"正在等候"));
cb.await();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
};
service.execute(runnable);
}
service.shutdown();
}
}
Exchanger 两个线程交换数据
import java.util.concurrent.Exchanger;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class ExchangerTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService service = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
final Exchanger exchanger = new Exchanger();
service.execute(new Runnable(){
public void run() {
try {
String data1 = "zxx";
System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() +
"正在把数据" + data1 +"换出去");
Thread.sleep((long)(Math.random()*10000));
String data2 = (String)exchanger.exchange(data1);
System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() +
"换回的数据为" + data2);
}catch(Exception e){
}
}
});
service.execute(new Runnable(){
public void run() {
try {
String data1 = "lhm";
System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() +
"正在把数据" + data1 +"换出去");
Thread.sleep((long)(Math.random()*10000));
String data2 = (String)exchanger.exchange(data1);
System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() +
"换回的数据为" + data2);
}catch(Exception e){
}
}
});
}
}
Semaphore信号量 控制线程并发数量
Semaphore是一件可以容纳N人的房间，如果人不满就可以进去，如果人满了，就要等待有人出来。对于N=1的情况，称为binary semaphore。一般的用法是，用于限制对于某一资源的同时访问。
sp.acquire(); 表示进入 房间 sp.release(); 表示离开房间
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
public class SemaphoreTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService service = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
final Semaphore sp = new Semaphore(3);
for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
Runnable runnable = new Runnable(){
public void run(){
try {
sp.acquire();
} catch (InterruptedException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() +
"进入，当前已有" + (3-sp.availablePermits()) + "个并发");
try {
Thread.sleep((long)(Math.random()*10000));
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() +
"即将离开");
sp.release();
}
};
service.execute(runnable);
}
}
}
ThreadLocal 线程安全
ThreadLocal通过为每个线程提供一个独立的变量副本解决了变量并发访问的冲突问题。在很多情况下，ThreadLocal比直接使用synchronized同步机制解决线程安全问题更简单，更方便，且结果程序拥有更高的并发性。
public class ThreadLocalTest {
final static ThreadLocal<String> threadLocal=new ThreadLocal<String>();
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
threadLocal.set("1");
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
System.out.println("线程1 "+threadLocal.get());
}
}).start();
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
threadLocal.set("2");
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
System.out.println("线程2 "+threadLocal.get());
}
}).start();
}
}
线程安全的list 和 set
java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList
java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArraySet
这两个集合 中 源码的 add()方法是有加锁的 读的时候没有
public boolean add(E e) {
final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
lock.lock();
try {
Object[] elements = getArray();
int len = elements.length;
Object[] newElements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, len + 1);
newElements[len] = e;
setArray(newElements);
return true;
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}