ASP.NET Core MVC如何上传文件及处理大文件上传

用文件模型绑定接口:IFormFile (小文件上传)


当你使用IFormFile接口来上传文件的时候,一定要注意,IFormFile会将一个Http请求中的所有文件都读取到服务器内存后,才会触发ASP.NET Core MVC的Controller中的Action方法。这种情况下,如果上传一些小文件是没问题的,但是如果上传大文件,势必会造成服务器内存大量被占用甚至溢出,所以IFormFile接口只适合小文件上传。

一个文件上传页面的Html代码一般如下所示:

<form method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data" action="/Upload">
    <div>
        <p>Upload one or more files using this form:</p>
        <input type="file" name="files" />
    </div>
    <div>
         <input type="submit" value="Upload" />
    </div>
</form>

为了支持文件上传,form标签上一定要记得声明属性enctype="multipart/form-data",否者你会发现ASP.NET Core MVC的Controller中死活都读不到任何文件。Input type="file"标签在html 5中支持上传多个文件,加上属性multiple即可。

使用IFormFile接口上传文件非常简单,将其声明为Contoller中Action的集合参数即可:

[HttpPost]
public async Task<IActionResult> Post(List<IFormFile> files)
{
    long size = files.Sum(f => f.Length);

    foreach (var formFile in files)
    {
        var filePath = @"D:\UploadingFiles\" + formFile.FileName;

        if (formFile.Length > 0)
        {
            using (var stream = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Create))
            {
                await formFile.CopyToAsync(stream);
            }
        }
    }
            
    return Ok(new { count = files.Count, size });
}

注意上面Action方法Post的参数名files,必须要和上传页面中的Input type="file"标签的name属性值一样。

用文件流 (大文件上传)

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在介绍这个方法之前我们先来看看一个包含上传文件的Http请求是什么样子的:

Content-Type=multipart/form-data; boundary=---------------------------99614912995
-----------------------------99614912995
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="SOMENAME"

Formulaire de Quota
-----------------------------99614912995
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="OTHERNAME"

SOMEDATA
-----------------------------99614912995
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="files"; filename="Misc 001.jpg"

SDFESDSDSDJXCK+DSDSDSSDSFDFDF423232DASDSDSDFDSFJHSIHFSDUIASUI+/==
-----------------------------99614912995
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="files"; filename="Misc 002.jpg"

ASAADSDSDJXCKDSDSDSHAUSAUASAASSDSDFDSFJHSIHFSDUIASUI+/==
-----------------------------99614912995
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="files"; filename="Misc 003.jpg"

TGUHGSDSDJXCK+DSDSDSSDSFDFDSAOJDIOASSAADDASDASDASSADASDSDSDSDFDSFJHSIHFSDUIASUI+/==
-----------------------------99614912995--

这就是一个multipart/form-data格式的Http请求,我们可以看到里面第一行信息是Content-Type,这和我们在html页面中form标签上的enctype属性值一致,第一行中接着有一个boundary=---------------------------99614912995,boundary=后面的值是随机生成的,这个其实是在声明Http请求中表单数据的分隔符是什么,其代表的是在Http请求中每读到一行 ---------------------------99614912995,表示一份section数据,一份section有可能是一个表单键值对,也有可能是一个上传文件的文件数据,例如我们上面的例子中,前两个section就是表单键值对,后面三个section是三个上传的图片文件。

那么接下来,我们来看看怎么用文件流来上传大文件,避免一次性将所有上传的文件都加载到服务器内存中。用文件流来上传比较麻烦的地方在于你无法使用ASP.NET Core MVC的模型绑定器来将上传文件反序列化为C#对象(如同前面介绍的IFormFile接口那样)。首先我们需要定义类MultipartRequestHelper,用于识别Http请求中的各个section类型(是表单键值对section,还是上传文件section)

using System;
using System.IO;
using Microsoft.Net.Http.Headers;

namespace AspNetCore.MultipartRequest
{
    public static class MultipartRequestHelper
    {
        // Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary="----WebKitFormBoundarymx2fSWqWSd0OxQqq"
        // The spec says 70 characters is a reasonable limit.
        public static string GetBoundary(MediaTypeHeaderValue contentType, int lengthLimit)
        {
            //var boundary = Microsoft.Net.Http.Headers.HeaderUtilities.RemoveQuotes(contentType.Boundary);// .NET Core <2.0
            var boundary = Microsoft.Net.Http.Headers.HeaderUtilities.RemoveQuotes(contentType.Boundary).Value; //.NET Core 2.0
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(boundary))
            {
                throw new InvalidDataException("Missing content-type boundary.");
            }

            if (boundary.Length > lengthLimit)
            {
                throw new InvalidDataException(
                    $"Multipart boundary length limit {lengthLimit} exceeded.");
            }

            return boundary;
        }

        public static bool IsMultipartContentType(string contentType)
        {
            return !string.IsNullOrEmpty(contentType)
                    && contentType.IndexOf("multipart/", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) >= 0;
        }

        public static bool HasFormDataContentDisposition(ContentDispositionHeaderValue contentDisposition)
        {
            // Content-Disposition: form-data; name="key";
            return contentDisposition != null
                    && contentDisposition.DispositionType.Equals("form-data")
                    && string.IsNullOrEmpty(contentDisposition.FileName.Value) // For .NET Core <2.0 remove ".Value"
                    && string.IsNullOrEmpty(contentDisposition.FileNameStar.Value); // For .NET Core <2.0 remove ".Value"
        }
        
        public static bool HasFileContentDisposition(ContentDispositionHeaderValue contentDisposition)
        {
            // Content-Disposition: form-data; name="myfile1"; filename="Misc 002.jpg"
            return contentDisposition != null
                    && contentDisposition.DispositionType.Equals("form-data")
                    && (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(contentDisposition.FileName.Value) // For .NET Core <2.0 remove ".Value"
                        || !string.IsNullOrEmpty(contentDisposition.FileNameStar.Value)); // For .NET Core <2.0 remove ".Value"
        }

        // 如果一个section的Header是: Content-Disposition: form-data; name="files"; filename="Misc 002.jpg"
        // 那么本方法返回: files
        public static string GetFileContentInputName(ContentDispositionHeaderValue contentDisposition)
        {
            return contentDisposition.Name.Value;
        }

        // 如果一个section的Header是: Content-Disposition: form-data; name="myfile1"; filename="Misc 002.jpg"
        // 那么本方法返回: Misc 002.jpg
        public static string GetFileName(ContentDispositionHeaderValue contentDisposition)
        {
            return contentDisposition.FileName.Value;
        }
    }
}

然后我们需要定义一个扩展类叫FileStreamingHelper,其中的StreamFiles扩展方法用于读取上传文件的文件流数据,并且将数据写入到服务器的硬盘上,其接受一个参数targetDirectory,用于声明将上传文件存储到服务器的哪个文件夹下。

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http.Features;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ModelBinding;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.WebUtilities;
using Microsoft.Net.Http.Headers;
using System;
using System.Globalization;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace AspNetCore.MultipartRequest
{
    public static class FileStreamingHelper
    {
        private static readonly FormOptions _defaultFormOptions = new FormOptions();

        public static async Task<FormValueProvider> StreamFiles(this HttpRequest request,string targetDirectory)
        {
            if (!MultipartRequestHelper.IsMultipartContentType(request.ContentType))
            {
                throw new Exception($"Expected a multipart request, but got {request.ContentType}");
            }

            // Used to accumulate all the form url encoded key value pairs in the 
            // request.
            var formAccumulator = new KeyValueAccumulator();

            var boundary = MultipartRequestHelper.GetBoundary(
                MediaTypeHeaderValue.Parse(request.ContentType),
                _defaultFormOptions.MultipartBoundaryLengthLimit);
            var reader = new MultipartReader(boundary, request.Body);

            var section = await reader.ReadNextSectionAsync();//用于读取Http请求中的第一个section数据
            while (section != null)
            {
                ContentDispositionHeaderValue contentDisposition;
                var hasContentDispositionHeader = ContentDispositionHeaderValue.TryParse(section.ContentDisposition, out contentDisposition);

                if (hasContentDispositionHeader)
                {
                    /*
                    用于处理上传文件类型的的section
                    POSTDATA =-----------------------------99614912995
                    Content - Disposition: form - data; name = "files"; filename = "Misc 002.jpg"

                    ASAADSDSDJXCKDSDSDSHAUSAUASAASSDSDFDSFJHSIHFSDUIASUI+/==
                    -----------------------------99614912995
                    */
                    if (MultipartRequestHelper.HasFileContentDisposition(contentDisposition))
                    {
                        if(!Directory.Exists(targetDirectory))
                        {
                            Directory.CreateDirectory(targetDirectory);
                        }

                        var fileName = MultipartRequestHelper.GetFileName(contentDisposition);

                        var loadBufferBytes = 1024;//这个是每一次从Http请求的section中读出文件数据的大小,单位是Byte即字节,这里设置为1024的意思是,每次从Http请求的section数据流中读取出1024字节的数据,然后写入下面targetFileStream的文件流中,可以根据服务器的内存大小调整这个值。这样就避免了一次加载所有上传文件的数据到服务器内存中,导致服务器崩溃。
                        
                        using (var targetFileStream = System.IO.File.Create(targetDirectory+ "\\"+ fileName))
                        {
                            //section.Body是System.IO.Stream类型,表示的是Http请求中一个section的数据流,从该数据流中可以读出每一个section的全部数据,所以我们下面也可以不用section.Body.CopyToAsync方法,而是在一个循环中用section.Body.Read方法自己读出数据,再将数据写入到targetFileStream
                            await section.Body.CopyToAsync(targetFileStream, loadBufferBytes);
                        }
                        
                    }
                    /*
                    用于处理表单键值数据的section
                    POSTDATA =-----------------------------99614912995
                    Content - Disposition: form - data; name = "SOMENAME"

                    Formulaire de Quota
                    -----------------------------99614912995
                    */
                    else if (MultipartRequestHelper.HasFormDataContentDisposition(contentDisposition))
                    {
                        // Content-Disposition: form-data; name="key"
                        //
                        // value

                        // Do not limit the key name length here because the 
                        // multipart headers length limit is already in effect.
                        var key = HeaderUtilities.RemoveQuotes(contentDisposition.Name);
                        var encoding = GetEncoding(section);
                        using (var streamReader = new StreamReader(
                            section.Body,
                            encoding,
                            detectEncodingFromByteOrderMarks: true,
                            bufferSize: 1024,
                            leaveOpen: true))
                        {
                            // The value length limit is enforced by MultipartBodyLengthLimit
                            var value = await streamReader.ReadToEndAsync();
                            if (String.Equals(value, "undefined", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
                            {
                                value = String.Empty;
                            }
                            formAccumulator.Append(key.Value, value); // For .NET Core <2.0 remove ".Value" from key

                            if (formAccumulator.ValueCount > _defaultFormOptions.ValueCountLimit)
                            {
                                throw new InvalidDataException($"Form key count limit {_defaultFormOptions.ValueCountLimit} exceeded.");
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

                // Drains any remaining section body that has not been consumed and
                // reads the headers for the next section.
                section = await reader.ReadNextSectionAsync();//用于读取Http请求中的下一个section数据
            }

            // Bind form data to a model
            var formValueProvider = new FormValueProvider(
                BindingSource.Form,
                new FormCollection(formAccumulator.GetResults()),
                CultureInfo.CurrentCulture);

            return formValueProvider;
        }

        private static Encoding GetEncoding(MultipartSection section)
        {
            MediaTypeHeaderValue mediaType;
            var hasMediaTypeHeader = MediaTypeHeaderValue.TryParse(section.ContentType, out mediaType);
            // UTF-7 is insecure and should not be honored. UTF-8 will succeed in 
            // most cases.
            if (!hasMediaTypeHeader || Encoding.UTF7.Equals(mediaType.Encoding))
            {
                return Encoding.UTF8;
            }
            return mediaType.Encoding;
        }
    }
}

现在我们还需要创建一个ASP.NET Core MVC的自定义拦截器DisableFormValueModelBindingAttribute,该拦截器实现接口IResourceFilter,用来禁用ASP.NET Core MVC的模型绑定器,这样当一个Http请求到达服务器后,ASP.NET Core MVC就不会在将请求的所有上传文件数据都加载到服务器内存后,才执行Contoller的Action方法,而是当Http请求到达服务器时,就立刻执行Contoller的Action方法。

[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class | AttributeTargets.Method)]
public class DisableFormValueModelBindingAttribute : Attribute, IResourceFilter
{
    public void OnResourceExecuting(ResourceExecutingContext context)
    {
        var formValueProviderFactory = context.ValueProviderFactories
            .OfType<FormValueProviderFactory>()
            .FirstOrDefault();
        if (formValueProviderFactory != null)
        {
            context.ValueProviderFactories.Remove(formValueProviderFactory);
        }
 
        var jqueryFormValueProviderFactory = context.ValueProviderFactories
            .OfType<JQueryFormValueProviderFactory>()
            .FirstOrDefault();
        if (jqueryFormValueProviderFactory != null)
        {
            context.ValueProviderFactories.Remove(jqueryFormValueProviderFactory);
        }
    }
 
    public void OnResourceExecuted(ResourceExecutedContext context)
    {
    }
}

最后我们在Contoller中定义一个叫Index的Action方法,并注册我们定义的DisableFormValueModelBindingAttribute拦截器,来禁用Action的模型绑定。Index方法会调用我们前面定义的FileStreamingHelper类中的StreamFiles方法,其参数为用来存储上传文件的文件夹路径。StreamFiles方法会返回一个FormValueProvider,用来存储Http请求中的表单键值数据,之后我们会将其绑定到MVC的视图模型viewModel上,然后将viewModel传回给客户端浏览器,来告述客户端浏览器文件上传成功。

[HttpPost]
[DisableFormValueModelBinding]
public async Task<IActionResult> Index()
{
    FormValueProvider formModel;
    formModel = await Request.StreamFiles(@"D:\UploadingFiles");

    var viewModel = new MyViewModel();

    var bindingSuccessful = await TryUpdateModelAsync(viewModel, prefix: "",
        valueProvider: formModel);

    if (!bindingSuccessful)
    {
        if (!ModelState.IsValid)
        {
            return BadRequest(ModelState);
        }
    }

    return Ok(viewModel);
}

视图模型viewModel的定义如下:

public class MyViewModel
{
    public string Username { get; set; }
}

最后我们用于上传文件的html页面和前面几乎一样:

<form method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data" action="/Home/Index">
    <div>
        <p>Upload one or more files using this form:</p>
        <input type="file" name="files" multiple />
    </div>
    <div>
        <p>Your Username</p>
        <input type="text" name="username" />
    </div>
    <div>
         <input type="submit" value="Upload" />
    </div>
</form>

这就是所有的代码,希望对大家有所帮助!

参考文献:

File uploads in ASP.NET Core

Uploading Files In ASP.net Core

What is the boundary parameter in an HTTP multi-part (POST) Request?

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转载自www.cnblogs.com/OpenCoder/p/9785031.html
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