Android 中service 详解

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上一次对于broadcast 的机制进行了详细的解析，见博文 android 中的 Broadcast 机制详解 ，本篇对于四大组件中的另一个成员—— service 进行解读。

在开发中我们会碰到下面几种情况：

1、java.lang.IllegalStateException: Not allowed to start service Intent

11-05 04:47:32.468   911   911 E AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main
11-05 04:47:32.468   911   911 E AndroidRuntime: Process: com.shift.phonemanager, PID: 911
11-05 04:47:32.468   911   911 E AndroidRuntime: java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to start receiver com.shift.phonemanager.apps.accesslog.PermissionAccessStartReceiver: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Not allowed to start service Intent { cmp=com.shift.phonemanager/.apps.accesslog.service.PermissionAccessLogService }: app is in background uid UidRecord{a423648 u0a80 RCVR idle change:uncached procs:1 seq(0,0,0)}
11-05 04:47:32.468   911   911 E AndroidRuntime: 	at android.app.ActivityThread.handleReceiver(ActivityThread.java:3197)
11-05 04:47:32.468   911   911 E AndroidRuntime: 	at android.app.ActivityThread.-wrap17(Unknown Source:0)
11-05 04:47:32.468   911   911 E AndroidRuntime: 	at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1675)
11-05 04:47:32.468   911   911 E AndroidRuntime: 	at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:106)
11-05 04:47:32.468   911   911 E AndroidRuntime: 	at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:164)
11-05 04:47:32.468   911   911 E AndroidRuntime: 	at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6518)
11-05 04:47:32.468   911   911 E AndroidRuntime: 	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
11-05 04:47:32.468   911   911 E AndroidRuntime: 	at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:438)
11-05 04:47:32.468   911   911 E AndroidRuntime: 	at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:807)
11-05 04:47:32.468   911   911 E AndroidRuntime: Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Not allowed to start service Intent { cmp=com.shift.phonemanager/.apps.accesslog.service.PermissionAccessLogService }: app is in background uid UidRecord{a423648 u0a80 RCVR idle change:uncached procs:1 seq(0,0,0)}
11-05 04:47:32.468   911   911 E AndroidRuntime: 	at android.app.ContextImpl.startServiceCommon(ContextImpl.java:1521)
11-05 04:47:32.468   911   911 E AndroidRuntime: 	at android.app.ContextImpl.startService(ContextImpl.java:1477)
11-05 04:47:32.468   911   911 E AndroidRuntime: 	at android.content.ContextWrapper.startService(ContextWrapper.java:650)
11-05 04:47:32.468   911   911 E AndroidRuntime: 	at android.content.ContextWrapper.startService(ContextWrapper.java:650)
11-05 04:47:32.468   911   911 E AndroidRuntime: 	at com.shift.phonemanager.apps.accesslog.PermissionAccessStartReceiver.startAccessLogService(PermissionAccessStartReceiver.java:22)
11-05 04:47:32.468   911   911 E AndroidRuntime: 	at com.shift.phonemanager.apps.accesslog.PermissionAccessStartReceiver.onReceive(PermissionAccessStartReceiver.java:18)
11-05 04:47:32.468   911   911 E AndroidRuntime: 	at android.app.ActivityThread.handleReceiver(ActivityThread.java:3190)
11-05 04:47:32.468   911   911 E AndroidRuntime: 	... 8 more

2、Bringing down service while still waiting for start foreground

11-05 01:47:21.268  1552  1570 W ActivityManager: Bringing down service while still waiting for start foreground: ServiceRecord{c1c6d87 u0 com.shift.phonemanager/.apps.accesslog.service.PermissionAccessLogService}

3、Context.startForegroundService() did not then call Service.startForeground()

11-05 01:47:21.506  1552  1570 E ActivityManager: ANR in .accesslog
11-05 01:47:21.506  1552  1570 E ActivityManager: PID: 2509
11-05 01:47:21.506  1552  1570 E ActivityManager: Reason: Context.startForegroundService() did not then call Service.startForeground()
11-05 01:47:21.506  1552  1570 E ActivityManager: Load: 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0
11-05 01:47:21.506  1552  1570 E ActivityManager: CPU usage from 7022ms to 0ms ago (2007-11-05 01:47:14.249 to 2007-11-05 01:47:21.271):
11-05 01:47:21.506  1552  1570 E ActivityManager:   49% 1552/system_server: 24% user + 24% kernel / faults: 2576 minor
11-05 01:47:21.506  1552  1570 E ActivityManager:   19% 2306/android.process.media: 12% user + 6.6% kernel / faults: 5358 minor
11-05 01:47:21.506  1552  1570 E ActivityManager:   14% 1592/adbd: 3% user + 11% kernel / faults: 4277 minor
11-05 01:47:21.506  1552  1570 E ActivityManager:   13% 2207/com.android.launcher3: 11% user + 2.1% kernel / faults: 6393 minor
11-05 01:47:21.506  1552  1570 E ActivityManager:   9.1% 254/logd: 2.5% user + 6.5% kernel / faults: 30 minor
11-05 01:47:21.506  1552  1570 E ActivityManager:   7.1% 1472/zygote: 0.4% user + 6.7% kernel / faults: 3227 minor
11-05 01:47:21.506  1552  1570 E ActivityManager:   5.1% 1779/.dataservices: 3.8% user + 1.2% kernel / faults: 2197 minor
11-05 01:47:21.506  1552  1570 E ActivityManager:   5% 1805/com.android.phone: 2.2% user + 2.7% kernel / faults: 852 minor
11-05 01:47:21.506  1552  1570 E ActivityManager:   4.1% 1709/com.android.systemui: 3.7% user + 0.4% kernel / faults: 76 minor
11-05 01:47:21.506  1552  1570 E ActivityManager:   3.7% 518/logcat: 1.8% user + 1.8% kernel / faults: 5 minor
11-05 01:47:21.506  1552  1570 E ActivityManager:   3.4% 1470/surfaceflinger: 2.8% user + 0.5% kernel / faults: 160 minor

...
...

4、java.lang.SecurityException: Unable to start service

5、java.lang.SecurityException: Not allowed to start service

带着这么多的问题，有必要对于Android 中的service 进行剖析。将 AMS 中service 机制解析分以下几部分：

Android service 基础篇：

        Android基础总结之六：Sevice

Android service 启动篇：

        Android service 启动篇之 startService

        Android service 启动篇之 bindService

        Android service 启动篇之 startForegroundService

Android service 停止篇：

Android service 异常篇：

        java.lang.IllegalStateException: Not allowed to start service Intent

        Context.startForegroundService() did not then call Service.startForeground()