【深度学习框架Keras】第一个简单的例子

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一、MNIST数据集是一个手写数字图片的数据集，其包含了60000张训练图片和10000张测试图片，这些图片是28$\times$28的灰度图片，共包含0到9总计10个数字。

import keras
from keras.datasets import mnist
(train_images,train_labels),(test_images,test_labels) = mnist.load_data() #加载数据

二、数据集的相关信息

print('shape of train images is ',train_images.shape)
print('shape of train labels is ',train_labels.shape)
print('train labels is ',train_labels)
print('shape of test images is ',test_images.shape)
print('shape of test labels is',test_labels.shape)
print('test labels is',test_labels)

shape of train images is  (60000, 28, 28)
shape of train labels is  (60000,)
train labels is  [5 0 4 ... 5 6 8]
shape of test images is  (10000, 28, 28)
shape of test labels is (10000,)
test labels is [7 2 1 ... 4 5 6]

三、设计网络结构(在Keras中layers是网络结构的基石)

from keras import models
from keras import layers
network = models.Sequential()
# layers.Dense()的第一个参数指定的是当前层的输出维度
network.add(layers.Dense(512,activation='relu',input_shape=(28*28,)))#全连接层
network.add(layers.Dense(10,activation='softmax'))#softmax层，返回10个概率，每个概率表示表示当前图片属于数字的概率

四、指定optimizer、loss function和metrics并编译网络

network.compile(optimizer='rmsprop',loss='categorical_crossentropy',metrics=['accuracy'])

五、处理数据

原始数据是存储在一个shape为(60000,28,28)的Numpy数组中，数据元素是处于[0,255] 的整数。而我们需要将其处理为shape为(60000,28*28)且元素之介于区间[0,1]的浮点数。

# 处理训练集
train_images = train_images.reshape((60000,28*28))
train_images = train_images.astype('float32')/255
# 处理测试集
test_images = test_images.reshape((10000,28*28))
test_images = test_images.astype('float32')/255
# 处理标签
from keras.utils import to_categorical
train_labels = to_categorical(train_labels)
test_labels = to_categorical(test_labels)

六、训练模型

network.fit(train_images,train_labels,epochs=5,batch_size=128)

Epoch 1/5
60000/60000 [==============================] - 4s 58us/step - loss: 0.2554 - acc: 0.9266
Epoch 2/5
60000/60000 [==============================] - 4s 61us/step - loss: 0.1018 - acc: 0.9700
Epoch 3/5
60000/60000 [==============================] - 4s 72us/step - loss: 0.0665 - acc: 0.9806
Epoch 4/5
60000/60000 [==============================] - 5s 76us/step - loss: 0.0486 - acc: 0.9850
Epoch 5/5
60000/60000 [==============================] - 5s 80us/step - loss: 0.0359 - acc: 0.9889





<keras.callbacks.History at 0x7f6c713b04a8>

七、评估测试集

test_loss,test_acc = network.evaluate(test_images,test_labels)
print("test_loss:",test_loss)
print("test_acc:",test_acc)

10000/10000 [==============================] - 0s 38us/step
test_loss: 0.06354748234406579
test_acc: 0.9804