Keepalived实现高可用和负载均衡

其他 2018-10-08 03:35:17 阅读次数: 0
版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，未经博主允许不得转载。 https://blog.csdn.net/sr_1114/article/details/80200383

Keepalived实现高可用和负载均衡

    keepalived是一个类似于layer3, 4 & 7交换机制的软件，也就是我们平时说的第3层、第4层和第7层交换。Keepalived是自动完成，不需人工干涉。Keepalived的作用是检测服务器的状态，如果有一台web服务器宕机，或工作出现故障，Keepalived将检测到，并将有故障的服务器从系统中剔除，同时使用其他服务器代替该服务器的工作，当服务器工作正常后Keepalived自动将服务器加入到服务器群中，这些工作全部自动完成，不需要人工干涉，需要人工做的只是修复故障的服务器。

    本篇文章主要讲述了用keepalived-1.4.3实现高可用和负载均衡。

操作系统：Linux redhat6.5
高可用结点：server1(master)  server4(backup)
负载均衡节点：server2 server3
源码包：keepalived-1.4.3.tar.gz

1.keepalived源码安装，从网络上下载源码包。

[root@server1 ~]# cd keepalived-1.4.3
[root@server1 keepalived-1.4.3]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived --with-init=SYSV
Use IPVS Framework       : Yes
Use VRRP Framework       : Yes
[oot@server1 keepalived-1.4.3]# make
[oot@server1 keepalived-1.4.3]# make install

[root@server1 ~]# tar zxf keepalived-1.4.3.tar.gz
[root@server1 ~]yum install openssl-devel libnl3-devel ipset-devel iptables-devel libnfnetlink-devel gcc
No package libnl3-devel available. 可以不要
No package ipset-devel available. 可以不要
No package libnfnetlink-devel available.
[root@server1 ~]# yum install libnfnetlink-devel-1.0.0-1.el6.x86_64.rpm -y

[root@server1 keepalived]# ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/  
[root@server1 keepalived]# ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
[root@server1 keepalived]# ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/ /etc/
[root@server1 keepalived]# ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /bin/
[root@server1 keepalived]# chmod +x /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived 
[root@server1 keepalived]# /etc/init.d/keepalived status
keepalived is stopped
#slave安装keepalived可以和源码相同，也可以使用以下方式
[root@server1 keepalived]# cd /usr/local/
[root@server1 local]# scp -r keepalived/ server4:/usr/local/

[root@server4 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/
[root@server4 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
[root@server4 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/ /etc/
[root@server4 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /bin/
[root@server4 ~]# chmod +x /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived

2.master配置

[root@server1 ~]# cd /etc/keepalived/
[root@server1 keepalived]# ls
keepalived.conf  samples
[root@server1 keepalived]# vim keepalived.conf 

global_defs {
　　#当keepalived有动作时发邮件给本机
   notification_email {
     root@localhost
   }
   notification_email_from keepalived@localhost
   smtp_server 127.0.0.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id LVS_DEVEL
   vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
   #vrrp_strict    #当参数不被禁止掉时，每次加载keepalived都会给火墙中写入访问vip的包全部丢弃
   vrrp_garp_interval 0
   vrrp_gna_interval 0
}

#高可用模块
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER  #主，slave配置为BACKUP
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 60  #每个人的路由id要不同
    priority 100  #优先级，master的优先级应该高于slave
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        172.25.60.100
    }
}

#负载均衡(LVS)模块
virtual_server 172.25.60.100 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr  #轮叫的调度算法
    lb_kind DR  #LVS模式
    #persistence_timeout 50  #持续链接，需要持续链接的服务要打开该参数
    protocol TCP

    real_server 172.25.60.2 80 {
        weight 1 #权重
        TCP_CHECK{
            connect_timeout 3
            retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
    real_server 172.25.60.3 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK{
            connect_timeout 3
            retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}

3.slave配置

[root@server1 keepalived]# scp keepalived.conf server4:
[root@server4 keepalived]# vim keepalived.conf 
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   notification_email {
     root@localhost
   }
   notification_email_from keepalived@localhost
   smtp_server 127.0.0.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id LVS_DEVEL
   vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
   #vrrp_strict
   vrrp_garp_interval 0
   vrrp_gna_interval 0
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 50
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        172.25.60.100
    }
}

virtual_server 172.25.60.100 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    #persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 172.25.60.2 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK{
            connect_timeout 3
            retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }

    real_server 172.25.60.3 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK{
            connect_timeout 3
            retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}

4.安装ipvsadm

[root@server1 keepalived]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-source.repo 
[rhel-source]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever - $basearch - Source
baseurl=http://172.25.60.250/rhel6.5
enabled=1
igpgcheck=0

[HighAvailability]
name=HighAvailability
baseurl=http://172.25.60.250/rhel6.5/HighAvailability
gpgcheck=0

[LoadBalancer]
name=LoadBalancer
baseurl=http://172.25.60.250/rhel6.5/LoadBalancer
gpgcheck=0


[ResilientStorage]
name=ResilientStorage
baseurl=http://172.25.60.250/rhel6.5/ResilientStorage
gpgcheck=0

[ScalableFileSystem]
name=ScalableFileSystem
baseurl=http://172.25.60.250/rhel6.5/ScalableFileSystem
gpgcheck=0
[root@server1 keepalived]# scp /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-source.repo server4:/etc/yum.repos.d/

[root@server1 keepalived]# yum install ipvsadm -y
[root@server1 keepalived]# /etc/init.d/ipvsadm start
[root@server4 keepalived]# yum install ipvsadm -y
[root@server4 keepalived]# /etc/init.d/ipvsadm start

5.后端服务器配置

[root@server2 ~]# ip addr add 172.25.60.100 dev eth0
[root@server3 ~]# ip addr add 172.25.60.100 dev eth0
[root@server2 ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd start
[root@server2 ~]# echo server2 > /var/www/html/index.html 
[root@server3 ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd start
[root@server3 ~]# echo server3 > /var/www/html/index.html

6.开启keepalived并测试

[root@server1 ~]# /etc/init.d/keepalived start
[root@server4 ~]# /etc/init.d/keepalived start
[root@server1 ~]# ipvsadm -l
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP  172.25.60.100:http rr
  -> server2:http                 Route   1      0          0         
  -> server3:http                 Route   1      0          0     

[root@server1 ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:c0:26:c9 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.25.60.1/24 brd 172.25.60.255 scope global eth0
    inet 172.25.60.100/32 scope global eth0
    inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fec0:26c9/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

[root@foundation60 kiosk]# curl 172.25.60.100
server2
[root@foundation60 kiosk]# curl 172.25.60.100
server3
[root@foundation60 kiosk]# curl 172.25.60.100
server2
[root@foundation60 kiosk]# curl 172.25.60.100
server3

#检测高可用,当master挂掉之后，slave接管所有资源。Master启动后master重新接管资源。
[root@server1 ~]# /etc/init.d/keepalived stop
Stopping keepalived:                                       [  OK  ]
[root@server1 ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:c0:26:c9 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.25.60.1/24 brd 172.25.60.255 scope global eth0
    inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fec0:26c9/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@server1 ~]# ipvsadm -l
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
[root@server4 keepalived]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:91:3e:60 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.25.60.4/24 brd 172.25.60.255 scope global eth0
    inet 172.25.60.100/32 scope global eth0
    inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe91:3e60/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@server4 keepalived]# ipvsadm -l
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP  172.25.60.100:http rr
  -> server2:http                 Route   1      0          0         
  -> server3:http                 Route   1      0          0    
[root@foundation60 kiosk]# curl 172.25.60.100
server3
[root@foundation60 kiosk]# curl 172.25.60.100
server2
[root@foundation60 kiosk]# curl 172.25.60.100
server3
[root@foundation60 kiosk]# curl 172.25.60.100
server2

#测试负载均衡,keepalived自带健康检查
[root@server2 ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd stop
Stopping httpd:                                            [  OK  ]
[root@foundation60 kiosk]# curl 172.25.60.100
server3
[root@foundation60 kiosk]# curl 172.25.60.100
server3
[root@foundation60 kiosk]# curl 172.25.60.100
server3
[root@foundation60 kiosk]# curl 172.25.60.100
server3
[root@server3 ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd start
Starting httpd: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.25.60.3 for ServerName
[root@foundation60 kiosk]# curl 172.25.60.100
server2
[root@foundation60 kiosk]# curl 172.25.60.100
server3
[root@foundation60 kiosk]# curl 172.25.60.100
server2
[root@foundation60 kiosk]# curl 172.25.60.100
server3
                                                         [  OK  ]


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转载自blog.csdn.net/sr_1114/article/details/80200383
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